be permitted, can do so, only it must be clearly perceived that, however the possibility of such strict observance may be made compatible with individual interests, it can never be kept, having due regard to the public welfare. But in no case, except in actual illness, can there be any excuse for failing in attendance on at least one public service on this day, and it is most desirable that both morning and evening service should be equally observed as the fittest beginning and ending of this special day.

Next in importance, it is to be regarded as a day of rest from temporal concerns; from those labours and occupations of the week which are necessary for the well-being and social advantage of every family, and of every individual, but which tend to attach us overmuch to the world and to our worldly interests, interests-good and beneficial in themselves, but which must never be allowed to make us forget our higher spiritual interests, our soul's eternal welfare. To the value of one day's rest from such pursuits, all who have been sedulously engaged in them during the week will bear willing testimony; that rest however is not meant to consist in mere indolence, but in such quietness and desistance of active labour, as each person may find most suited to his nature and to his circumstances, and most calculated to refresh the worn energies for their renewed exertion.

On this account we desire that no public labour or occupation of any kind should be allowed on the seventh day; but this result cannot, and ought not, to be made binding on the community at large. It is enough that those who sincerely hold this conviction should, in their own persons, and in their own families, be careful not to encourage or allow of such occupations, and, as far as in them lies, obviate the necessity, on the part of others, of being employed in their service, or on their account.

But, to a great number of human beings who are closely engaged in labour during the week, thousands, nay millions, who work for six days together, pent up in stifling rooms, or sit bending over desks, or are kept close at sedentary pursuits, working in noxious atmospheres even, and working, moreover, from early morn to late in the day, who are prisoned, caged, and cooped up in cities, and shut up in warehouses and workshops: this day must, by the

very nature of their existence, be regarded as a day of freedom and liberty from painful or irksome duties; for recreation of the worn-out, overtasked body, as well as for the improvement of the soul. Sunday, then, is to be regarded as a day set apart for special and public worship of the Creator, and for repose and recreation for the mind and body of man; it should be, therefore, an essentially cheerful day. As regards music, it is not to be approved of in public places, since we desire to hear only sacred music on Sunday and there will be enough of that, and good, in the church services. If music is allowed in places of public recreation, the people, especially the young, will desire to hear and will only be pleased with dance music, operas, etc., which have no beneficial effect on the soul or mind, and may even lead to injurious results, such as dancing, which we hold, however innocent or serviceable in itself, is not suitable to the character of the day. We desire, however, that not only all parks and places of public resort for air or exercise should be freely open, but also, if it can be conveniently arranged, that all the public museums, galleries of paintings, and other exhibitions tending to refine and improve the mind of man, should also be open to the public on the only day many people, working folk especially, can get the opportunity of visiting them; say from two to five p.m., so as not to interfere with the principal hours of worship, or as the Ecclesiastical Council may think proper.

PLACES OF WORSHIP.

These have already been classed under three headsThe Diocesan Church or Cathedral, the District Church, the Parish Church.

The Cathedrals of the Universal Church are intended to be erected on a scale of magnificence equal to the noblest buildings of the class which the world has yet seen. They are buildings especially dedicated as monuments of man's devotion to his Creator, for all the benefits and favours received by him, the greatest of which is the inestimable gift of immortal life; some fitting memorial and emblem of which shall be left behind him on that earth which has been his cradle, and is the grave of that body which is meant

to be the living temple of the Lord, whilst man is an inhabitant of this world. These buildings are in no other respect sacred than as being built with this intention, and as being hallowed by the devotion and worship of mankind.

They are dedicated to God alone and to His worship, and are not to have the name of any human being, however saintly, attached to them as a distinction. They are not churches dedicated to any so-called saint, famous or obscure, but to God only.

None but the most valuable and durable materials of every kind required shall be used in the construction of the cathedrals, which will principally engage all funds devoted or bequeathed by members of the congregations to building purposes, unless they specify that such moneys are to be applied to the use of a district, or of a parish church, named by them. Marble, and not stone or brick, shall be employed as a general rule. A central dome will form a main feature in the design, but combined with such other forms as the architect may devise. No symbolism beyond that of the dome and the circle, together with a dark or dimly-lighted hall, before entering the body of the building, is required in the plan; but utility is mainly to be considered, symbolism being principally confined to carved work and other decorations. The lower portion of the internal walls, up to a height of about twenty feet, is to be solid, and reserved for fresco, or oil paintings, illustrative of the lives of the most deserving of those who have passed away from earth, and who have exercised a vital influence on the spiritual welfare and intellectual improvement of their fellow-creatures, or who have been .remarkable for self-sacrifice and charity towards mankind. The subjects to be selected, and the designs to be approved, by the authorised Ecclesiastical Art Committee, consisting of six professors, viz., two architects, two painters, and two sculptors, to be nominated by the Ecclesiastical Council as occasion may require.

Without having recourse to mythical or uncertain epochs of our history, which are generally to be avoided, numerous examples of such persons as deserve a memorial, the pourtrayal of which is calculated to affect others for

their good, will occur to all. Foremost among them may be cited Wickliffe, Huss, Luther, Cranmer, Knox, Zinzendorff, Wesley, Penn, Swedenborg, &c.; Howard, Coram, Oberlin, Neff, Bernard Gilpin, Borromeo, Xavier, Vincent de Paul, the Abbé de l'Epée, &c.; Bacon, Newton, Copernicus, Brahe, Galileo, Galvani, Oersted, etc.; Locke, Descartes, Montesquieu, Buffon, St. Pierre, Cuvier, Linnæus, Humboldt, Kant, Fichte, etc.;-the list being confined to leaders and teachers of religious truths, to men of science, to philosophers, and to men remarkable for their spirit of self-sacrifice, their charity, and for goodness of life; all those, indeed, who have acted favourably for the advance of true religion, either by their writings or by their personal example. We have not included great authors in fiction, or poets, in this list, as they are too numerous, and too well known, to require

enumeration.

Interspersed with these pictorial representations should be placed such private or public monuments as it is desirable should be preserved within the building. The upper portion of the main walls should be left as open as possible to the light, and are to be filled in with stained glass, as may appear most suitable; but not so as to produce darkness in any part of the building where service is performed. The roof, also, should be mainly of glass, also containing subjects suitable to the situation.

The pulpits are to be two in number-one for reading the service, and one for preaching. The latter should, in all cases, be large enough to allow the preacher free movement for some distance in every direction.

A college, with a theatre attached to it, for the performance of the highest dramas only, and for use as a lecture room: a library, to contain only such works as are calculated to improve the soul, and instruct the mind; i.e., books on religion, philosophy, science, and morals only and a museum, consisting of remarkable specimens of animal, vegetable, and mineral nature - should be attached to, and form portion of, the main edifice, in which those members of the Church who desire it may at any time (Sundays included) recreate and improve themselves.

The cathedral should be situated on the highest acces

sible ground within half a mile outside the boundary of the diocese, if possible; the intervening space being arcaded, so as to render it convenient of approach in all weathers. It should be entered through a spacious and handsome cloistered court, adorned with fountains, statues, paintings, &c.; and should be surrounded by groves of cedar, cypress, yew, holly, myrtle, and other evergreen trees and plants; and with gardens ornamented with statues and fountains, forming altogether a park in which the people may walk and converse both before and after the appointed services. The diocesan cemetery may adjoin it, if convenient; but the park itself is not to be used as a burial ground on any account. The cathedral, equally with all other places of worship, will be kept freely open to the public during certain hours of the day, and is to be used for sacred concerts, and such other purposes as the Ecclesiastical Council may approve of.

The district church will correspond with the above description generally, but be on a smaller scale. Its extent and richness will naturally depend on the voluntary contributions of the inhabitants of the district. It will be situated within the district itself, and in a central spot. There is no park and no college attached to it, but a museum and library, as described above, and a preparatory school for students of the universities.

As the parish church is intended for parochial purposes only, and cannot, from the number of parishioners, be expected to be very important, either for size or ornament, it had better be built in the form of a theatre or a lecture-hall; no college, museum, or library will be attached to it, but infant schools for poor children only, and infant asylums in connection with them.

The services of all the churches will be conducted by the ministers, habited in vestments, varying in various countries, but so far fashioned on those to which the people are already accustomed, as to present to their minds the idea of religious service. The question of vestments is, however, in the hands of the Ecclesiastical Committee, and is further treated of in the next chapter.

We will now describe a temple, which will not appertain to any particular diocese, but is intended to be national, and to be on a scale of such grandeur and mag