with bread, has been gaelized port-ne-bare, the harbour of bread. [v. Davies Dict. Brit, v. Bara.] The transcriber of the Cotton MS. has here interpolated a line with a French explanation of the name. [v V. R] D. Macpherson.

L. 179.] This "hows of defens" was perhaps Maiden Castle, the ruins of which are on the south side of the present Kennoway. There are some remains of Roman antiquity in this neighbourhood, and it is very probable that Macduff's castle stood on the site of a Roman Castellum. D. Macpherson.

F 151 b Bot his Lady wyth fayre Trettè
Hys purpos lettyde done to be.
And sone, frá scho he Sayle wp saw,
Dan til Makbeth wyth lytil awe

200

Scho sayd, Makbeth, luke wp, and se

'Wndyr yhon Sayle forsuth is he,

'De Thayne of Fyfe, hat how has sowcht,

Trowe howe welle, and dowt rycht nowcht,

"Gyve evyr how sall hym se agayne,

205

'He sall he set in-tyl gret payne;

Syne how wald hawe put hys Neke

'In-til hi yhoke. Now will I speke

Wyth he ná mare: fare on hi waye,

'Owhire welle, or ill, as happyne may.'

210

L. 228] Four pennies, in Wyntown's time, weighed about one eightieth part of a pound of silver: how much they were in Macbeth's time, I suppose cannot be ascertained; but, in the reign of David 1st, they weighed one sixtieth of a pound. If we could trust to Regiam Majestatem, four pennies, in David's time, were the value of one third of a boll of wheat, or two lagene of wine, or four lagena of ale, or half a sheep. [Tables of Money and Prices in Ruddiman's Introduction to And Diplo. For the quantity of the legene compare VII, xvii, 35, with Fordun, p. 990: Sc. Chr. V. II, p. 223, wherein lagen is equivalent to ga lown in Wyntown.] It is reasonable to suppose, that the whole of the boat was hired for this sum

The landing place on the south side was most probably at North Berwick, which belonged to the family of Fife, who founded the nunnery there..

D. Macpherson:

Dat trettyd hir Barnys honestly,
Ressayvyd Makduff rych curtasly
Quhen he come til hys presens,
And mád hym honowre and reverens,
As afferyd. Til he Kyng

He tauld he caus of hys commyng.
De Kyng han herd hym movyrly,
And answeryd hym all gudlykly,
And sayd, hys wyll and hys delyte

F 152 a Wes to se for he profyte

Of há Barnys; and hys wille

240

245

Wes hare honowre to fullfille.

L. 274.] The story of these two brothers of Malcolm, (see also c, xvi, of this book) and their refusal of the kingdom, which he, a bastard, obtained, seems to be a mere fiction. Yet, why it should have been invented, I can see no reason: surely not with intent to disgrace Malcolm, whose posterity never lost the crown, and where such eminent friends to the church. The trauscriber of the Harleian MS. not liking this story, so derogatory to the royal family, omitted it in his transcript, and afterwards, changing his mind, added it at the end of his book. All the Scottish writers, who followed Wyntown, have carefully sup pressed it.

Of Malcolm's brothers only Donald, who reigned after him, is known to the Scottish historians: but another Melmare is mentioned in Orkneyinga Saga, [p. 176,] whose son Maddad, Earl of Athol, is called son of a King Donald by the genealogists, because they knew of no other brother of Malcolm. Perhaps Melmare is the same whom Kennedy calls Oberard, and says, that on the usurpation of Macbeth he fled to Norway, (more likely to his cousin the Earl of Orknay, which was a Norwegian country,) and was progenitor of an Italian fa

He dowtyde to be made a Kyng.

A Kyngis lyf, he sayd, suld be
Ay led in-til gret honestè :
For hi he cowth iwyl be a Kyng
He sayd, hat oysyd swilk lyvyng.

Makduff han sayd til hym agayne,
Dat hat excusatyowne wes in wayne:
For gyve he oysyd hat in-dede,
Of Women he suld have ná nede;
For of hys awyne Land suld he
Fayre Wemen have in gret plentè.
Gyve he had Conscyens of hat plycht,
Mend to God, hat has he mycht."

Dan Malcolme sayd, Dare is mare,

F 152 b Dat lettis me wyth he to fare:
'Dat is, hat I am suá brynnand
'In Cowatys, hat all Scotland
'Owre lytil is to my persowne:
'I set nowcht hare-by a bwttowne.

Makduff sayd, Cum on wyth me:
"In Ryches how fall abowndand be.
'Trow wele he Kynryk of Scotland
'Is in Ryches abowndand.'

Yhit mare Malcolme sayd agayne
'Til Makduff of Fyfe he Thayne,
'De thryd wyce yhit máis me Lete
My purpos on thys thyng to sete:
"I am sá fals, hat ná man may
Trow á worde, hat evyre I say.'

'Ha, ha! Frend, I leve he harè,'
Makdufi sayd, 'I will ná mare.

285

290

295

300

305

310

mily, called Cantelmi. [Dissertation on the Family of Stuart, p. 193, where he refers to records examined reg. Car. II,] in Scala Chronica [ap. Lel. V. I, p 529] there is a confused story of two brothers of Malcolm. These various notices seem sufficient to establish the existence of two brothers of Malcolm; but that either of them was preferable to him for age or legitimacy is extremely improbable. It is, however, proper to observe, that, in those days, bastardy was scarcely an impediment in the succession to the crown in the neighbouring kingdoms of Norway and Ireland; that Alexander, the son of this Malcolm, took a bastard for his queen; and that, in England, a victorious king, the contemporary of Malcolm, assumed bastard as a title in his charters.

John Cumin, the competitor for the crown, who derived his right from Do. nald, the brother of Malcolm, knew nothing of this story, which, if true, would at least have furnished him an excellent argument. D. Macpherson.

'I will ná langare karpe wyth he,
Ná of his matere have Trettè;
'Syne how can nohire hald, ná say
'Dat stedfast Trowth wald, or gud Fay.
'He is ná man, of swylk a Kynd

315

'Cummyn, bot of he Dewylis Strynd,
'Dat can nohyr do ná say

'Dan langis to Trowth, and gud Fay.
God of he Dewyl sayd in á quhile,
As I hawe herd red he Wangyle,
'He is, he sayd, a Leare fals:
Swylk is of him he Fadyre als.
'Here now my Leve, I tak at hè,

And gyvys wp hályly all Trettè.

'I cownt noucht he tohir twá
'Wycys he walu of a Strá:

'Bot hys thryft he has sald all owte,
'Quham falshad haldis wndyrlowte.'

Til Makduff of Fyf he Thayne

Dis Malcolme awnsweryde han agayne,
'I will, I will,' he sayd, wyth he
Pass, and prove how all will be.

I sall be lele and stedfast ay,
And hald till ilkè man gud fay.

320

.325

330

335

And ná les in he I trowe.

For-hi my purpos hále is nowe,

For my Fadrys dede to tá

Dis Kyng Edward of Ingland

F133 a Gawe hym hys Lewe, and hys gud wyll,

And gret suppowale heycht hame tille,

And helpe to wyn hys Herytage.

On his hai tuke hane haire wayage.

350

And his Kyng han of Ingland

Bad he Lord of Northwmbyrland,

Schyr Sward, to rys wyth all hys mycht

In Malcolmys helpe to wyn hys rycht.

Dan wyth hame of Nothumbyrland

355

Dis Malcolme enteryd in Scotland,

And past oure Forth, doun strawcht to Tay,
Wp hat Wattyre he hey way

L. 357.] The word "doun," taken in here from the Cotton MS. instead of "syne" in the Royal, affords us a tolerable plan of the route of Malcolm and his Northumbrian allies; which, as far as Perth, seems to be the same that Agri.