Construction of Marine and Offshore StructuresCRC Press, 2002 M01 1 - 680 pages The leading authority in the field offers a unique and comprehensive treatment of the construction aspects of offshore structures, rather than the more commonly addressed design considerations. Extensively updated, this second edition provides a new chapter on extending offshore technologies to inland waterways and emphasizes recent advances-including floating structures, deep-water structures, ice-resistant structures, and bridge foundations. Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures details all the particulars of building in a marine environment, including construction equipment, marine operations, installing piles, pipelines, and cables, steel and concrete offshore platforms, and underwater repairs. Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures provides an essential reference to engineers in the oil and service industries and to marine construction planners, designers, and contractors. New in the second edition: |
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Contents
Introduction | 1 |
02 Geography | 3 |
04 Legal Jurisdiction | 4 |
05 Offshore Construction Relationships and Sequences | 4 |
06 Typical Marine Structures and Contracts | 4 |
07 Interaction of Design and Construction | 4 |
Physical Environmental Aspects of Marine and Offshore Construction | 15 |
12 Hydrostatic Pressure and Buoyancy | 16 |
113 Loadout Tiedown and Transport | 345 |
114 Removal of Jacket from Transport Barge Lifting Launching | 353 |
115 Upending of Jacket | 360 |
116 Installation on the Seafloor | 363 |
117 Pile and Conductor Installation | 366 |
118 Deck Installation | 369 |
119 Examples | 371 |
Concrete Offshore Platforms GravityBase Structures | 387 |
13 Temperature | 18 |
14 Seawater and SeaAir Interface Chemistry Marine Organisms | 19 |
15 Currents | 20 |
16 Waves and Swells | 24 |
17 Winds and Storms | 30 |
18 Tides and Storm Surges | 34 |
19 Rain Snow Fog Whiteout and Spray Atmospheric Icing Lightning | 35 |
110 Sea Ice and Icebergs | 36 |
111 Seismicity Seaquakes and Tsunamis | 41 |
112 Floods | 42 |
Geotechnical Aspects Seafloor and Marine Soils | 43 |
22 Dense Sands | 45 |
24 Boulders On and Near the Seafloor Surface Glacial Till | 46 |
25 Overconsolidated Silts | 47 |
28 Ice Scour and Pingos | 48 |
2102 Pile Driving | 49 |
211 Coral and Similar Biogenic Soils Cemented Soils | 50 |
212 Unconsolidated Sands | 51 |
213 Underwater Sand Dunes Megadunes | 53 |
215 Cobbles | 54 |
218 Seafloor Instability and Slumping Turbidity Currents | 55 |
219 Concluding Remarks Concerning Seafloor | 56 |
Ecological and Societal Impacts of Marine Construction | 57 |
33 Toxic Chemicals | 58 |
36 Turbidity | 59 |
38 Air Pollution | 60 |
311 Noise | 61 |
313 Protection of Existing Structures | 62 |
314 Vibration | 63 |
Materials and Fabrication for Offshore Structures | 65 |
42 Structural Concrete | 74 |
43 Hybrid SteelConcrete Structures | 87 |
44 Plastics and Synthetic Materials Composites | 88 |
45 Titanium | 91 |
Marine and Offshore Construction Equipment | 93 |
51 Basic Motions in a Seaway | 94 |
52 Buoyancy Draft and Freeboard | 96 |
53 Stability | 97 |
54 Damage Control | 99 |
55 Barges | 102 |
56 Crane Barges | 105 |
57 Offshore Derrick Barges Fully Revolving | 108 |
58 Catamaran Barges | 112 |
510 Jackup Construction Barges | 115 |
511 Launch Barges | 119 |
512 Offshore Dredges | 120 |
513 PipeLaying Barges | 124 |
514 Supply Boats | 127 |
515 AnchorHandling Boats | 128 |
517 Drilling Vessel | 130 |
Marine Operations | 133 |
62 Moorings and Anchors | 140 |
63 Handling Heavy Loads at Sea | 150 |
64 Personnel Transfer at Sea | 156 |
65 Underwater Intervention Diving Underwater Work Systems ROVs and Manipulators | 160 |
66 Underwater Concreting and Grouting | 168 |
67 Offshore Surveying Navigation and Seafloor Surveys | 179 |
68 Temporary Buoyancy Augmentation | 184 |
Seafloor Modifications and Improvements | 187 |
Determination of Existing Conditions | 188 |
73 Seafloor Dredging and Obstruction Removal | 189 |
74 Dredging and Removal of Hard Material and Rock | 196 |
75 Placement of Underwater Fills | 200 |
76 Consolidation and Strengthening of Weak Soils | 204 |
77 Prevention of Liquefaction | 206 |
79 Concluding Remarks | 210 |
Installation of Piles in Marine and Offshore Structures | 213 |
82 Fabrication of Tubular Steel Piles | 216 |
83 Transportation of Piling | 217 |
84 Installing Piles | 219 |
85 Methods of Increasing Penetration | 239 |
86 Insert Piles | 242 |
88 Damaged Piles | 243 |
810 Handling and Positioning of Piles | 245 |
811 Drilled and Grouted Piles | 247 |
812 Belled Footings | 251 |
813 Other Installation Methods and Practices | 254 |
Harbor River and Estuary Structures | 257 |
93 River Structures | 266 |
94 Piers for Overwater Bridges | 274 |
95 Submerged Prefabricated Tunnels Tubes | 296 |
96 Storm Surge Barriers | 302 |
97 Flow Control Structures | 307 |
Coastal Structures | 315 |
103 Breakwaters | 321 |
104 Offshore Terminals | 328 |
Offshore PlatformsSteel Jackets and Pin Piles | 343 |
122 Construction Stages | 389 |
123 Enhancing CaissonFoundation Interaction | 427 |
124 SubBase Construction | 431 |
125 Platform Removal | 432 |
Other Applications of Offshore Construction Technology | 433 |
133 SinglePoint Moorings | 434 |
134 Articulated Columns | 437 |
135 Seafloor Templates | 444 |
136 Underwater Oil Storage Vessels | 450 |
137 Cable Arrays Moored Buoys and Seafloor Deployment | 453 |
138 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion | 454 |
Moored Floating Structures | 457 |
142 Fabrication of Concrete Floating Structures | 459 |
143 Launching | 462 |
FPSOs for LPG and LNG | 463 |
Installation of Submarine Pipelines | 467 |
152 Conventional SLay Barge | 470 |
153 BottomPull Method | 486 |
154 Reel Barge | 493 |
155 Surface Float | 494 |
156 Controlled Underwater Flotation Controlled Subsurface Float | 495 |
Single and DoublePull | 496 |
159 JLay from Barge | 497 |
1511 Bundled Pipes | 498 |
1513 Laying under Ice | 499 |
1515 Support of Pipelines | 504 |
Plastic and Composite Pipelines and Cables | 505 |
1612 FiberReinforced Glass Pipes | 506 |
Topside Installation | 509 |
173 Hookup | 511 |
174 Giant Modules and Transfer of Complete Deck by Heavy Lift | 513 |
176 Integrated Deck | 515 |
Underwater Repairs | 517 |
183 Repairs to Steel Piling | 521 |
185 Repairs to Foundations | 523 |
186 Fire Damage | 524 |
187 Pipeline Repairs | 525 |
Strengthening Existing Structures | 529 |
194 Increasing Lateral Capacity of Piles and Structures in Interaction with Seafloor Soils | 535 |
195 Seismic Retrofit | 537 |
Removal and Salvage | 539 |
Terminals Trestles ShallowWater Platforms | 540 |
203 Offshore Drilling and Production Platforms Jackets with Piles | 541 |
204 GravityBase Platforms | 542 |
205 New Developments in Salvage Techniques | 544 |
Constructibility | 545 |
212 Construction Stages | 546 |
213 Principles of Construction | 550 |
215 Assembly and Jointing Afloat | 554 |
216 Material Selection and Procedures | 555 |
217 Construction Procedures | 556 |
218 Access | 561 |
219 Tolerances | 562 |
2110 Survey Control | 563 |
2111 Quality Control and Assurance | 564 |
2112 Safety | 565 |
Feedback and Modification | 566 |
2115 Manuals | 567 |
2116 OnSite Instruction Sheets | 569 |
Construction in the Deep Sea | 573 |
222 Considerations and Phenomena for DeepSea Operations | 574 |
224 Properties of Materials for the Deep Sea | 575 |
225 Platforms in the Deep Sea Compliant Structures | 579 |
226 TensionLeg Platforms | 585 |
227 SPARS | 589 |
229 Construction Operations on the Deep Seafloor | 592 |
2210 DeepWater Pipe Laying | 596 |
2211 DeepWater Bridge Piers | 598 |
Arctic Marine Structures | 605 |
233 Atmospheric Conditions | 610 |
234 Arctic Seafloor and Geotechnics | 611 |
235 Oceanographic | 613 |
237 Logistics and Operations | 614 |
238 Earthwork in the Arctic Offshore | 616 |
239 Ice Structures | 619 |
2310 Steel and Concrete Structures for the Arctic | 621 |
2311 Deployment of Structures in the Arctic | 627 |
2312 Installation at Site | 629 |
2313 Ice Condition Surveys and Ice Management | 638 |
2314 Durability | 639 |
2315 Constructibility | 641 |
2316 Pipeline Installation | 642 |
Epilogue | 645 |
References | 647 |
Index | 649 |
Other editions - View all
Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures, Second Edition Cliff Gerwick No preview available - 1999 |
Common terms and phrases
Aker Maritime anchor Arctic areas ballast base Beaufort Sea boat Bridge buoyancy buoys caisson cement clay cofferdam Condeep construction Courtesy crane barge deck deep depth derrick barge designed developed diameter diver dredge drilling driving dynamic effective employed ensure epoxy equipment fabrication FIGURE filled float-out floating forces friction grout hammer heave compensator holes hydraulic hydrostatic insert pile installed jack-up jacket legs launching lift load lower marine metacentric height method module mooring lines North Sea offshore construction offshore structures Oosterschelde operations penetration piers pipe pipeline placed platform plug position prefabricated pressure prestressed prestressed concrete prevent pulled reinforcing rock sand scour seafloor segments semisubmersible shafts shallow water shear sheet piles silica fume silts skirts slab sleeves soils stability steel storm submerged surface tanks template temporary tension tubular typically underbase underwater usually vertical vessel walls waves weight welding winch zone