also equally effective (compare J. Am. Chem. Soc. 47, 2678 (1925)). Argon when mixed with electrolytic gas also was found to have a positive catalytic effect, though less than that of nitrogen. The generality of the effect having been thus extended, the question arose as to why CO2 when generated in other reactions had failed to show a similar catalytic effect. Is the exception peculiar (1) to CO2, or (2) to the systems in which it has been generated, or (3) to both? To settle (1), CO2 has been used in acetylene polymerization and in water synthesis with = 17.4, at a point 2 2 – Mc2н2 the following results: N(0212 + CO2) in the reaction where 55 per cent. of the positive ions are CO2+. While it thus appears that CO2 acts quite normally as an inert ion catalyst, about 10 per cent. of CO, was found to be lacking in the gas phase at the end of the reaction when C2H2 was completely exhausted from an initial (1:1) mixture. Whether this amount of CO2 had reacted chemically has not been determined. In the system 1(2H2 +02) + 1C02, carbon dioxide did not prove to be inert. The entire rate of reaction was accounted for as the sum of the known rates of the separate reactions: 2H + O2 and 2H2+ CO2 (loc. cit.) 2 2 To settle (2), argon has been used as inert catalyst in the reaction 2CO + O2 =2CO2, where CO2, although produced by the reaction, fails to accelerate it. Argon was found to catalyze the reaction, but less than the normal, just as it was found to do in the oxidation of hydrogen. In discussing these results, Professor K. T. Compton proposed a very interesting hypothesis, namely, that when the inert gas has a higher ionization potential than the reacting gas has, the positive ion of the inert upon colliding with the neutral reactant molecule will ionize the latter by taking away an electron from another way: Does the ion of the inert revert to the neutral state upon first effective collision with the reactant, or not until after clustering is complete and electrical neutrality is reestablished by the return of an electron? Professor Compton has volunteered to approach the question from the physical side and we have planned a series of experiments which ought to afford a decision through the chemical evidence to be obtained. A more extended discussion will be postponed, awaiting the new results. S. C. LIND, FIXED NITROGEN RESEARCH LABORATORY, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. CONCENTRATION OF THE GROWTH-PROMOTING PRINCIPLE OBTAINED FROM YEAST. (VITAMIN B.) It was reported in our previous communication1 that the growth-promoting principle present in the brewers' yeast could be prepared in a form which was in a unit weight approximately 2,000 times stronger than the dried yeast itself. The substance was still a complex mixture. Further purification was made difficult by the fact that the process was accompanied by large losses of active material. It was urgent therefore to seek for a more economical method of concentration. Such has now been developed. In only three steps a material is obtained which is equal in potency to the material previously described and which is associated with a loss of only 50 per cent. of the original material. The starting material is the fraction of yeast extract prepared according to Osborne and Wakeman. The aqueous solution of this material is brought to pH=4. Some inert material settles out. From the solution the active material is it; for example, with neon and acetylene, Ne++ C2H, precipitated with alcohol. The solution of this ma 2 2 = Ne+ C2H2+. The C2H2+ then behaves just as if it had been originally formed by an alpha-particle collision. This would explain at once why the inert ions have the same power of producing polymerization as have the primary ions of the reactant. The catalytic reactions so far considered conform generally with this principle-but it will be possible to give it a severer test by choosing inerts with ionization potentials definitely lower than those of the reactants. Then there should not only be no positive catalysis, but a high degree of negative catalysis by the reverse process. The question resolves itself into a fundamental one of the properties of gaseous ions. When the positive ion of the inert gas meets a neutral molecule, do they exchange the positive charge, or do they unite and form a clustering center? Or, putting the question terial is treated with nitrous acid and by this treatment a substance is obtained which is active in daily doses of 0.0018 gm. The maximum loss in active units is 10 per cent. Often such material is prepared without any loss in active units. The composition of this material is C=38.2, H=6.0, N=10.3, P=7.6, S=1.46, NH,.N= 0. The sulfur was present mostly in the form of SH groups. From this material the active principle was extracted with silica gel. From the gel by extraction at pH 9.5 a material was obtained which was active in daily doses of 0.00008 gm. The material contained about 4 per cent. of sulfur. The white rat was used as the experimental animal. P. A. LEVENE, B. J. C. VAN DER HOEVEN 1 Levene, P. A., and van der Hoeven, B. J. C., J. Biol. Chem., xlv, 483 (1925). H CONTENTS AND INDEX NEW SERIES. VOL. LXII-JULY TO DECEMBER, 1925 THE NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS ARE PRINTED IN SMALL CAPITALS ABBOT, C. G., Solar Variation and the Weather, 307, 426 ABEL, J. J., E. M. K. GEILING, G. ALLES and A. RAYMOND, Researches on Insulin, 169 Academy of Sciences, National, Report on Forestry, 5, Abstracts of Papers, 519; North Carolina, B. CUNNINGHAM, 37; Michigan, L. R. DICE, 58; Ohio, W. H. ALEXANDER, 60; Indiana, H. F. DIETZ, 62; Iowa, P. S. HELMICK, 248; Russian, 173, 301 Acid, B-Oxybutyric and Lactic, P. A. LEVENE and H. L. HALLER, 356 ADDINGTON, A. R., Relief Models, 160 Agricultural Exper. Sta., Conn., Semi-centennial, E. W. Agriculture, Funds for Research in, 152 Alcohol, Pure Absolute, R. E. LYONS and L. T. SMITH, 224 ALEXANDER, W. H., Ohio Acad. of Sci., 60 Alfalfa, Root Rot of, L. W. DURRELL and W. G. ALLEN, E. W., Research in the Service of the State, 165, Kansas City Meeting, B. E. LIVINGSTON, 48, 428, 469, 538; Annual Rept. of Permanent Secretary, B. E. LIVINGSTON, 467; Sect. Q, Education, 432; Executive Committee, B. E. LIVINGSTON, 443; Science Exhibit, 503; Sect. Zool., G. T. HARGITT, 504; Committee of One Hundred, R. H. TRUE, 559; Financial Rept. Pacific Div., W. W. SARGEANT, 572 Anatomy, Comparative, Terminology in, E. T. ENGLE, 328 Aphid, Melon, Primary Food Plant of, E. M. PATCH, 510 Arboretum, National, F. V. COVILLE, 579 Arca patricia Sowerby, W. P. WOODRING, 518 ARMSTRONG, H. E., The Faraday Benzene Centenary, 39 B., M. A., William Albert Hamilton, 214 Bacterial Disease of Tomato Fruits, N. A. BROWN, 12 Bailey, C. H., Chemistry of Wheat Flour, H. W. WILEY, 511 Barro Colorado Island Laboratory, G. R. BISBY, 111 Bauman, J. E., From Trinil to New York, D. S. JORDAN, 113 Bauxite and Siderite, E. F. BURCHARD, 373 Benzene, Faraday's Discovery of, 7, Centenary, H. E. 397 BESSEY, E. A., Amer. Hungarian Foundation Library, 536 BIGELOW, H. B., Oceanic Circulation, 317 Bigelow, H. B. and W. W. Welsh, Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, J. T. NICHOLS, 207 Biological, Sciences, Nat. Research Fellowships in, F. R. LILLIE, 261; Literature in Paris, R. M. MAY, 203; Products, Standardization, Conference on, 321; Abstracts, J. R. SCHRAMM, 533 BISBY, G. R., Barro Colorado Island Laboratory, 111 BOOTHROYD, S. L., Research: A Retrospect, 1 Botanical, Criticism, P. B. SEARS, 371; Works, and Manuscripts, Abstracting, J. C. TH. UPHOF, 545 Botanists, American, Politeness of, J. H. KEMPTON, 158; C. H. FARR, 158 BRANT, I., The "Undertow," 30 BRAY, A. W. L., Distribution of Protozoan Genus, 589 BRENNEMAN, J. L., The Name "N" in cos NT, 222 BREWSTER, E. T., Evolution and the Bible, 159 British Association, 8, 128, 216 BROOKS, S. T., M. E. LARSON and M. H. VAN EPPS, Reaction of Opalinas to Laboratory Media, 289 BROWN, B., Luminous Spiders, 182, 329 BROWN, N. A., Bacterial Disease of Tomato, 12; Rot of Smyrna Fig, 288 BROWN, W. H., Tryparsamide, 350 BROWNE, C. A., History of the Beet, E. O. von Lipp mann, 159; Early Chemistry, J. M. Stillman, 245 BRYAN, K., Channel Trenching in Arid Southwest, 338 Burbank, Luther, Plans for Experimental Farm, 238 BURCHARD, E. F., Bauxite and Siderite, 373 BURRILL, A. C., Honey Bees follow Wood Bees, 134 CADY, H. P. and R. TAFT, Electronation, 403 Calcium, Purpurin Method of localizing, A. B. MAC- CALDIS, P. D., Rot of the Smyrna Fig, 161 CAMPBELL, D. H., Wilhelm Hofmeister, 127 Carnegie, Corporation, Grants, 504, 539; Institute of Technology, Research Fellows, 199, Science Exhibit at, 583 Carter, Henry Rose, 320 CASTLE, W. E., Genetics, D. F. Jones, 567; E. W. Sinnott Cathode Rays, High Voltage, W. D. COOLIDGE, 441 CAUSEY, D., Protozoa for Class Use, 113 Chandler, Memorial Meeting, 488; The Teacher and the Chemical, Soc., Amer., Hist. of Chem., L. C. NEWELL, 16; Citations, Simplified Literature, E. D. MERRILL, 419 Clionidae, The Family, T. D. A. COCKERELL, 567 COLEMAN, L. V., Museums, Organized, 148; Small, 458 Colors for Traffic Signals, 75 CONKLIN, E. G., The Cell, E. B. Wilson, 52; Marine Bio- Continent, Pacific, G. D. HANNA, 491 Cook, H. J., Human Artifacts in American Pleistocene, COOLIDGE, W. D., High Voltage Cathode Rays, 441 CRANE, C. R., Marine Biological Laboratory, 271 Crown Gall and Nursery Stock, A. J. RIKER and G. W. CUNNINGHAM, B., N. C. Acad. of Sci., 37 DALY, R. A., C. PALACHE and K. F. MATHER, Jay DANIELS, F., and R. J. FOSBINDER, Ultra-violet Light and DAVIS, W., Scientific Men and the Defense of Mr. Scopes, DAVIS, W. M., "Undertow," 33; The Stewart Bank, 401 DENSMORE, F., Music of the American Indians, 565 DEXTER, J. S., Anti-evolution Propaganda in Ga., 399 Digestion in Paramecia, P. G. SHIPLEY and C. F. DE- Discussion and Correspondence, 12, 30, 50, 81, 108, 133, Diseases of the Ruffed Grouse, A. O. GROSs, 55 DUNN, E. R., The "Harmless" Coral Snake, 308 82 Earth, Constitution of the, H. LAMB, 229 ECKART, C., Conservation of Momentum, 265 Eggs, supposed to be Luminous, A. H. GODBEY, 460 Energy, Conservation of, Bernouilli's Principle as, E. H. Engineer and Civilization, W. F. DURAND, 525 Engineers, Mechanical, Amer. Soc. of, 432 ENGLE, E. T., Terminology in Comparative Anatomy, 328 Enzyme, Fungus, Nutritional Study of, G. W. HERVEY, Eugenics, International Commission of, 259 Evolution, and Education, H. F. OSBORN, 43, 52; and Exner, F. M., Dynamische Meteorologie, A. MCADIE, 399 Expeditions, Russian Scientific, 237 F., H. L., American Geology, G. P. Merrill, 421 FARR, C. H., Politeness of American Botanists, 158 FINDLAY, A., The Twilight Zone of Matter, 192; Appeal Fish, Fossil, of the Family Callichthyidae, T. D. A. FORBES, A., Analyzed Sound, 204 Forestry, Report of National Academy on, 5; Interna- FRANKLIN, W. S., Bernouilli's Principle, 397; Physics, Fungi, Virulence in, C. D. LARUE, 205 FUNK, C., Nomenclature of the Vitamines, 157 GAGER, C. S., André Parmentier, 461 GARRISON, F. H., Der Pathologisch-Anatomischen Ab- Gaseous Catalysis, S. C. LIND and D. C. BARDWELL, 593 VOL. LXII Geological, Conference in Western Texas, 413; Excursion Geologists, Assoc. Amer. State, M. M. LEIGHTON, 452 GODBEY, A. H., Eggs supposed to be Luminous, 460 Goldschmid, E., Der Pathologisch-Anatomischen Ab- GORTNER, R. A. and W. F. HOFFMAN, Binding of Acid Grafts, Nursery, R. H. ROBERTS, 356 Gray, Asa, B. L. ROBINSON, 45; Prof. Robinson's Tribute GREEN, R. G., Etiology of Canine Distemper, 133 Green River Formation, N. E. A. HINDS, 34 GRINNELL, J., Wild Life Preservation, 437 GROSS, A. O., Diseases of the Ruffed Grouse, 55 Haas, A., Physics, J. R. NEILSEN, 495 HALL, M. C., Brayton Howard Ransom, 319 HANCE, R. T., Combined Culture Medium and Indicator HANNA, G. D., A Pacific Continent, 491 HARGITT, G. T., Sect. of Zool. of Amer. Assoc., at Kansas HARRIS, N. MACL., Bacteriological Note on the Franklin HARTSOUGH, R. C., A Duplex Vacuum Gauge, 160 Health, Activities of the Government, J. A. TOBEY, 448; HEILBRUNN, L. V., Interpretation of Biological Processes, HELMICK, P. S., Iowa Academy of Science, 248 HEMINGER, I. M., Sex Changes in Birds, 398 Hendrixson, Walter Scott, F. F. ALMY, 197 Henry, Joseph, C. D. WALCOTT, 405 Heraldry, Error in, H. LEFFMAN, 33 HERVEY, G. W., Nutritional Study upon a Fungus En- HIBBARD, P. L., Plants on a Culture Solution, 515 HITE, M. P., The "Undertow," 31 HOBBS, W. H., The Index Generalis, 373 Hofmeister, Wilhelm, D. H. CAMPBELL, 127 HOLMES, W. H., The Antiquity Phantom, 256 HOWARD, L. O., Polyembryony, 308; Walter David HOWE, H. E., Regelation and Low Temperatures, 15; HOWELL, B. F., Gilbert Van Ingen, 101 HUESTIS, R. R., Dr. Riley on Evolution, 220 HUGHES, J. S., R. W. TITUS and J. M. MOORE, Ultra- HULL, C., and C. J. WEST, Doctorates conferred by HULL, G. F., Evolution in the Physical World, 180 HULSE, E. P., Luminous Spiders, 329 Hunter, Walter David, L. Ō. HOWARD, 430 Illiteracy in the Colleges, T. D. A. COCKERELL, 510 Immunization, Experimental, H. SEWALL, 293 Indiana Academy of Science, H. F. DIETZ, 62 International Physical Union, 129 Ionized Organic Gases, S. C. LIND and D. C. BARDWELL, 422 Ions, Hydrophilic Effects of, D. T. MACDOUGAL and B. L. Iowa Academy of Science, P. S. HELMICK, 248 JACKSON, R. C., Mackerel and Planktonic Organisms, 544 JEFFREY, E. C., Mutation Hypothesis and Drosophila, 3; JOFFE, J. S., and H. C. MCLEAN, Suction of Soils, 548 Johnson, D., N. E. Acadian Shore Line, K. F. MATHER, Jones, D. F., Genetics, W. E. CASTLE, 567 JORDAN, D. S., The Art of Pluviculture, 81; From Trinil KEEN, W. W., "The Scientific Accuracy of the Sacred KELLOGG, V., English Support of Science, 412 Kiær, J., Fauna of Norway, G. G. SIMPSON, 288 Kidney Function, H. L. WHITE and F. O. SCHMITT, 334 KLOOSTER, H. S. VAN, Nobel Prizes, 259 KNIGHT, A. P., Distribution of Trout Fry, 590 KNUDSEN, V. O., Hearing in Presence of Noise, 109 KUNSMAN, C. H., New Source of Positive Ions, 269 Lacustris, Spongilla, W. H. COLE and D. POTTER, 206 LAMB, M. U., W. H. SNELL and N. O. HOWARD, Moisture LAZIER, E. L., Air Pressure Injection Apparatus, 310 LEIGHTON, M. M., Assoc. Amer. State Geologists, 452 LEONARD, V., Internal Antisepsis, 408 LEVENE, P. A., and H. L. HALLER, B-Oxybutyric and Lactic Acid, 356; and B. J. C. VAN DER HOEVEN, Growthpromoting Principle of Yeast, 594 LEVINE, M., Bacterium Tumefaciens, 424 Library, American-Hungarian Foundation, E. A. BESSEY, 536 LILLIE, F. R., Nat. Research Fellowships, 261; Address of the Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory, 272 LILLIE, R. S., Physiology, W. M. Bayliss, 84 LIND, S. C., and D. C. BARDWELL, Ionized Organic Gases, 422; Gaseous Catalysis, 593 LINTON, E., O. C. March and Pithecanthropus, 51 Lippmann, E. O. von, History of the Beet, C. A. BROWNE, 159 LITTLE, N. C., Text-books of Physics, 286 LIVINGSTON, B. E., Kansas City Meeting of Amer. Assoc., 48, 428, 469, 503, 538; Annual Report, 467; Executive Committee, 443 Loess, The Definition of, J. L. TILTON, 83 LOOMIS, F. B., The Florida Man, 436 Luminescence in Sponges, Y. K. OKADA, 566 LUSK, G., Telephone Communication, C. A. Wright and A. F. Puchstein, 329 LYONS, R. E., and L. T. SMITH, Pure Absolute Alcohol, 224 MCADIE, A., Exner's Dynamische Meteorologie, 399; Smithsonian Weather Forecasts, 418; Climates of the U. S., R. DeC. Ward, 462 MACALLUM, A. B., Purpurin Method of localizing Calcium, 511 McCulloch, Allan Riverston, D. S. JORDAN, 301 MACDOUGAL, D. T., and B. L. CLARKE, Hydrophilic Effect Mackerel and Planktonic Organisms, R. C. JACKSON, 544 MACMILLAN, W. D., Cosmology, 63, 96, 121 Males, Diploid, in Hymenoptera, P. W. WHITING and Man, Florida, F. B. LOOMIS, 436 MANSON, M., The Glacial Controversy, 212 Marine Biological Laboratory, New Building, 26; C. R. CRANE, 271; F. R. LILLIE, 272; E. B. WILSON, 275; E. G. CONKLIN, 276 MARQUETTE, W., Ultra-violet Microscope, 135 MARRIOTT, R. W., Total Solar Eclipse of 1926, 303 Mathematical, Aspects of Cosmology, W. D. MACMILLAN, 63, 96, 121; Soc., Amer., R. G. D. RICHARDSON, 379, 550 Mathematics, the History of, Arithmetization in, G. A. MILLER, 328 MATHER, K. F., N. E. Acadian Shore Line, D. Johnson, 591 Matter, Twilight Zone of, A. FINDLAY, 192 Medicine, Well-trained Practitioners, E. H. OCHSNER, 573 MELTON, F. A., Continents and Oceans, A. Wegener, 14 MERRILL, E. D., Simplified Literature Citations, 419 Merrill, G. P., American Geology, H. L. F., 421 Michigan Academy of Science, L. R. DICE, 58 Micro-organisms, Reproduction, C. H. WERKMAN, 115 Microscope, Ultra-violet, W. MARQUETTE, 135 MILLER, G. A., Arithmetization in the History of Mathematics, 328 MILLIKAN, R. A., High Frequency Rays of Cosmic Origin, , 461 445 "Millikan Rays,' Momentum, Conservation of, C. ECKART, 265 Mosaic, Tobacco, M. MULVANIA, 37; and Tomato, B. T. MUNROE, C. E., Organization of Chemists in U. S., 313 MURLIN, J. R., Inactivation of Insulin by Glucose, 332 Museums, Organized, L. V. COLEMAN, 148; Small, L. V. COLEMAN, 458 Music of the American Indians, F. DENSMORE, 565 Mutation Hypothesis and Drosophila, E. C. JEFFREY, 3 Name N in Cos NT, W. W. SLEATOR, 134; L. A. HAZEL- National Academy of Sciences, Report on Forestry, 5; Nichols, Harold William, 536 NICHOLS, J. T., Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, H. B. NIELSEN, J. R., Physics, A. Haas, 495 Noise, Hearing in Presence of, V. O. KNUDSEN, 109; NORRIS, J. F., Address of President of the Amer. Chem. Soc., 189 Norris, J. F., Testimonial, 505 North Carolina, Academy of Science, B. CUNNINGHAM, 37 Nuttall, Thomas, W. H. POWERS, 389 Oceanic Circulation, H. B. BIGELOW, 317 OCHSNER, E. H., Practitioners of Medicine, 573 OKADA, Y. K., Luminescence in Sponges, 566 OLITSKY, P., Tobacco and Tomato Mosaic Disease, 442 Optical Society of America, 322 OSBORN, H. F., Evolution and Education, 43 Osler Memorial Volume, 558 Oxidases, Retardation of the Action of by Bacteria, I. KUSHNER and A. S. CHAIKELIS, 36 Pan-Pacific, Science Congress, 73; Research Inst., 581 Paramoecium, Combined Culture Medium and Indicator for, R. T. HANCE, 351 Parasitologists, Amer. Soc. of, First Meeting, 391 PATCH, E. M., Primary Foodplant of Melon Aphid, 510 PEIRSON, M. B., N. California, Conference on Science PESSIN, L. J., Porous Porcelain Atmometers, 85 |