(4) Scientific bases for plant quarantine in the countries of the Pacific.

(5) Rational methods for the protection of useful aquatic animals of the Pacific.

(6) Genetics in relation to the improvement of important crops, more particularly rice, and of live stock. (7) Antiquity of man in the Pacific region.

(8) Distribution, prevention and cure of particular diseases among native races of the Pacific region.

Subjects tentatively suggested for discussion at Sectional Meetings are:

Astronomical observations specially connected with the Pacific region.

Report on the network of earthquake observations in the countries of the Pacific.

Transmission of earthquake waves across the Pacific. Form of geoid in the Pacific region as deduced from geodetic observations, measurements of gravity or plumbline deviation..

Difference of the attenuation of radio waves along and across the meridian of the earth in the Pacific region. Boundary of the Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits in the Pacific region.

Stratigraphy of the oil-bearing formations in the Pacific region.

Thermal springs in the Pacific region.

Arrangements for information regarding the insect faunas of the Pacific region, especially those affecting economic plants and animals.

Distribution of bonitos and tunnies in the Pacific and their ecological studies.

Origin and development of vegetation on the newer and older volcanic deposits in the Pacific region.

Ecology of the epiphytic flora in the Pacific region. Rational method of storing cereals.

Distribution of volcanic ashes in the Pacific region and their physical and chemical characters, with special reference to their agricultural value.

Use of green manures in various Pacific regions. Control and treatment of infectious and parasitary diseases in live stock.

The Ainu people; their origin and affinity with other peoples.

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS

THE GERMAN MUSEUM OF APPLIED

SCIENCE1

THE Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwissenschaft und Technik at Munich was opened on May 7 with every mark of national rejoicing. The museum, as its name implies, is devoted to applied science, and has for its aim the spread of knowledge of the great discoveries and inventions upon which rest the material civilization of to-day. The festivities commenced on Tuesday, May 5, with a procession of allegorical cars, representing the principal branches of science, through the decorated streets of the city. On the day following the business meeting took place and was attended by ministers, mayors of large cities, leading industrialists, representatives of the Verein. deutscher Ingenieure, of the universities, and of some foreign countries; the representative from England was Mr. H. W. Dickinson, of the Science Museum, South Kensington. On May 7 a symbolical play, specially written for the opening by Gerhart Hauptmann, Germany's leading living poet, was performed.

The museum building, commenced in 1906, is an imposing structure, to the designs of Gabriel and Emanuel von Seidl, situated on an island in the river Isar. In plan the building is roughly 100 mm square, and the whole ground floor is occupied by exhibition space, but in the three floors above, a well 60 mm square gives the necessary lighting. The floor space amounts to about 35,000 square meters. At one corner is a tower 64 mm high, and there are three domes devoted to astronomy. The exhibits have been chosen with good judgment. Very great use is made of interiors, and as examples we may mention a scythe forge of 1803 from the Black Forest, the alchemist's laboratory of the middle ages, and a papermill of 1708. With these may be classed realistic representations of stone, ore, coal and salt mining situated below the floor level of the museum. Nor must mention of the planetarium in the astronomy section be omitted. By projection apparatus images of the fixed stars, or of the sun, moon and planets, are thrown on a domed ceiling, and their apparent motion over a long period is reviewed in a few minutes. The apparatus has created the keenest interest, and several similar instruments have been ordered; we should like to see such an apparatus set up in Great Britain. The museum is in no sense a state institution, but owes its existence mainly to the labors of Ing. Dr. Oskar von Miller, a well-known electrical engineer, now in his seventy-first year.

1 From Nature.

It is

a monument of what can be done by personality, scientific knowledge, ordered imagination and organizing ability, even when interrupted by the war, the subsequent revolution and the inflation of the currency.

STANDARDIZATION OF COLORS FOR
TRAFFIC SIGNALS

THE work involved in bringing about national uniformity in the use of colors for traffic signals by the American Engineering Standards Committee is nearing its completion, full agreement having been reached on the various technical details, and the code being about to be published.

The work has been carried out by a sectional committee on which all interested groups are represented, including more than thirty national organizations under the leadership of the American Association of State Highway Officials, the Bureau of Standards and the National Safety Council. The code covers the use of luminous and non-luminous signs and signals in connection with highway traffic, including moving and flashing signals; the use of lights, semaphores and other signaling devices on vehicles.

The three colors agreed upon for primary traffic control signals are: red-for stop; yellow-for caution, and green-to proceed.

The use of red is proper as an indication to stop and to then proceed if conditions are favorable, as for example, when "stop" and "proceed" regulations are in effect.

Yellow is appropriate when caution is to be exercised without stopping, as for partial street obstruction, so as to reserve red for a stop signal.

Green shall be used as an indication to proceed.

The code gives concise qualitative definitions of these three colors as well as of colored glasses and of the colors recommended for non-luminous signs. These recommendations are based on the findings of three subcommittees which collected exhaustive data on the present diversity of highway signals, made a thorough study of the questions relating to visibility of colors and also to sign boards and other non-luminous highway signals.

Careful experiments showed that the red signal lights were most easily distinguished from other colors at a distance and require the lowest light intensity for unmistakable recognition. On the average a red light of 75 candle-power could be identified at 600 feet, while a green light had to be of 250 candle-power, a yellow 750 and a blue light 1,000.

It is of paramount importance that the use or significance of all these signals become so familiar that they will produce an unconscious but correct and effective reaction, as it is doubt in the correctness of signal interpretation that leads to uncertainty in motions and to accidents.

Estate of George E. Henry, for the Infantile Paralysis Commission

Estate of David P. Kimball

Mr. and Mrs. George A. McKinlock, an additional payment toward the erection of the fourth

Freshman Dormitory, towards which they have already given a large amount, and which is incomplete Estate of Mrs. William F. Milton, to increase the salaries of professors

f

Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Foundation for International Research; that is part payment on an agreement to give. annually a sum for five years

General Education Board, for a laboratory at the Massachusetts General Hospital, in connection with the Medical School For salaries, etc.

Herbert N., Jesse Isidor and Percy S. Strauss, a first payment toward the Isidor Strauss Dormitory

Estate of Mrs. William J. Wright, for the Medical School

Sundry other gifts (mostly less than $25,000, but including a gift from Mrs. Charles Chauncy Stillman for the Charles Eliot Norton professorship of poetry) amounting to

Alumni gift to establish a fund to be known as the LeBaron Russell Briggs Fund.

58,387.19

715,891.19

37,500.00

100,000.00 20,500.00

75,000.00

280,860.19

1,179,143.16

50,000.00

$4,517,348.06

.

THE HOPKINS MARINE STATION THE Hopkins Marine Station at Pacific Grove has acquired an addition of $50,000 to its endowment through a gift of that amount by the Rockefeller Foundation. The gift will be used to erect a second laboratory building and provide additional equipment. By the terms of the donation Stanford must raise another $50,000 from other sources for the same object, and pending this must spend annually an additional five per cent. of that amount from its own funds for maintenance of the station.

This extension of the facilities of the Hopkins Station will not only promote the science of marine biology and general physiology, but will furnish a very practical aid in the protection and development of the important sea food resources of the Pacific coast. Protection of the sea food supplies depends upon knowledge not only of the fishes, bivalves and crustaceans which furnish human food but also of the sources of supply for these. At the Hopkins Marine Station research is carried on in both these branches. Stanford scientists for several years have been carrying on investigations there and elsewhere of salmon, clams and other important sea food with a view of checking the serious depletion that is taking place.

The Hopkins Marine Station was opened in 1892, the second year of the university's existence, and was named for Timothy Hopkins, trustee of Stanford since the beginning, through whose generosity and interest the original site and buildings were secured and the work there supported through the first twentyfive years. In 1916 the location of the station was changed to a point a half-mile east of the old buildings, where a tract of over eleven acres was secured and a new building erected.

The new situation, consisting of the main portion of Cabrillo Point, insures complete control of the coast line of the point, including an excellent sheltered landing place and harbor for boats of considerable size, and provides room for future expansion. Upon this site the first building of the new station was erected. The building is of reinforced concrete construction. It contains five laboratories available for classes and eight private laboratories for investigators. These private laboratories and all the facilities of the station are open free of charge to scientists from all parts of the country and the world who wish to carry on research in Pacific marine life.

The position of the Hopkins Station, on Monterey Bay, is exceptionally advantageous. It is the point Iat which the ocean life of the north and the south meet. The marine animals and plants accessible include not only the species found between tide levels,

but also those which dwell in the open ocean and those which are secured by dredging at various depths. The student of land forms finds an equally interesting and in some ways peculiar assemblage of material. This is in part due to an unusual variety of physiographic and climatic conditions within a relatively small area and in part to the presence of a number of characteristic and dominant types such as the Monterey cypress and Monterey pine.

One of the particular advantages of work at the Hopkins Marine Station is the possibility of observing and studying a large number of live animals while these are filling their rôle in the general scheme of marine and terrestrial life.

While the Hopkins Marine Station has always been open the year round for research workers it is only this year that regular class work has been carried on there except during the summer. Now there are courses for undergraduate and graduate students in both the spring and the summer quarters.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS

DR. WARREN K. LEWIS, head of the department of chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and president of the American Chemical Society, has been elected an honorary member of the British Institution of Chemical Engineers.

PROFESSOR G. H. PARKER, director of the Harvard Zoological Laboratory, has been elected a foreign member of the Linnean Society of London.

THE Laetare medal of Notre Dame University has been awarded to Dr. A. F. Zahm, director of the aerodynamical laboratory of the Navy Department, Washington.

AT the recent Washington meeting of the Association of American Physicians, Dr. Richard P. Strong and Dr. Francis W. Peabody, both of the Harvard Medical School, were elected, respectively, president and secretary.

DR. W. W. KEEN writes that the medal awarded to him by Brown University is the Susan Colver-Rosenberger medal of honor, not "Colvin" as erroneously printed. This medal and the Colver lectures foundation were established by Mr. Rosenberger to honor the memory of his wife, through her father, Colver, who was a graduate of Brown University.

THE honorary degree of doctor of science has been conferred on Clyde William Warburton, director of extension of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, by the Iowa State College, in recognition of his contributions to American agronomy and to the organization of extension agencies.

DR. ALEXANDER BRUNO, former associate director of the Rockefeller Commission to France, has received the degree of M.D. from the University of Paris, which it is said only five Americans have received thus far. Dr. Bruno's thesis was his volume of 500 pages, "The Rôle of the Rockefeller Commission in Organizing against Tuberculosis in France."

DR. BEVERLY DOUGLAS, of Nashville, has been awarded the degree of doctor of science by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lyons for his work on the treatment of acute intoxication and infection.

On the occasion of the King's birthday, Sir John Bland-Sutton, president of the Royal College of Surgeons, was made a baronet, and Dr. J. Robertson, professor of public health in the University of Birmingham, was made a knight.

THE honorary degree of LL.D. has been conferred by St. Andrews University upon Professor F. G. Donnan, professor of inorganic and physical chemistry in the University of London.

DR. ARTHUR H. ESTABROOK was elected president of the Eugenics Research Association at the annual meeting, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, on June 27.

WALTER H. FULWEILER, chemical engineer for the United Gas Improvement Company of Philadelphia, was elected president of the American Society for Testing Materials at the twenty-eighth annual meeting held in Atlantic City from June 22 to 26. H. F. Moore, professor of engineering materials at the University of Illinois, was elected vice-president.

PROFESSOR R. HARCOURT, of the Ontario Agricultural College, was elected president of the Canadian Institute of Chemistry at the annual meeting in Guelph, Ontario.

THEODORE STRETTON, of Haslam and Stretton, Ltd., has been elected president of the Association of Mining Engineers of England.

DR. HENRY C. CowLES, professor of plant ecology at the University of Chicago, assumed the chairmanship of the department of botany on July 1, upon the retirement of Professor John M. Coulter.

THE British Air Ministry announces that the Secretary of State for Air has appointed Mr. H. E. Wimperis to be director of scientific research, and Mr. D. R. Pye to be deputy director of scientific research, under the Air Ministry.

DR. JAMES ROBINSON, lately in charge of the wireless research laboratories of the Royal Air Force, England, has tendered his resignation to the Air Ministry in order to take up the post of director of re

search to the group of periodicals published by the Radio Press.

THE Medical Research Council of England has awarded Rockefeller Medical Fellowships, tenable in the United States during the academic year 1925-26, to the following: Dr. D. Campbell, Pollok lecturer in pharmacology and therapeutics, University of Glasgow; Mr. W. H. Craib, house physician, Guy's Hospital, London; Dr. Katherine H. Coward, assistant in biochemistry, University College, London; Mr. W. S. Dawson, senior assistant, Maudsley Hospital, London; Mr. H. W. Florey, John Lucas Walker Student, University of Cambridge; Mr. A. D. Ritchie, lecturer in physiological chemistry, University of Manchester; Mr. G. P. Wright, Macgregor Student and demonstrator in histology, University College, London.

GOSTA OKERLOF, of Sweden, who was assistant to Professor Svante Arrhenius, has been granted a Harrison fellowship in chemistry by the trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, to enable him to continue work on the electrochemistry of solution.

OLAF P. JENKINS has resigned as associate professor of economic geology at the State College of Washington and has accepted a permanent position with the Standard Oil Company. He will be stationed at Batavia, Dutch East Indies.

SIDNEY D. WELLS, who has been with the Forest Products Laboratory of Madison, Wisconsin, since 1911, has resigned to take charge of the Paper Mill Laboratories, Inc., of Quincy, Ill.

F. W. SPERR, JR., formerly chief chemist of the Koppers Company Laboratories, has been appointed director of research. He is succeeded by O. O. Malleis as chief chemist and H. J. Rose becomes assistant chief chemist.

DR. J. H. MERRILL, of the department of entomology of the Kansas State Agricultural College, has resigned to take up commercial work in Massachusetts.

DR. GEORGE D. SHEPARDSON, head of the department of electrical engineering at the University of Minnesota, has been granted a sabbatical furlough for the year 1925-1926, which will be spent largely in foreign travel. Professor F. W. Springer will be acting head of the department.

AT Oberlin College leaves of absence for the year 1925-26 have been granted to Professor H. N. Holmes, of the department of chemistry, and Professor Lynds Jones, of the department of animal ecology.

DR. EDWARD HINDLE, Milner research fellow of the London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, has been granted leave of absence for two years to under

take, in conjunction with Major W. S. Patton, an investigation on the transmission of kala-azar in North China, on behalf of the Royal Society.

CAPTAIN WILKINS, who recently was in Central Australia collecting specimens for the British Museum, has left Adelaide for London to make preparations for his proposed Australian Polar-Pacific expedition. He hopes to take two aeroplanes on his journey and will attempt to fly from the Ross Sea to Graham Land.

CLYDE E. WILLIAMS, superintendent of the Northwest Experiment Station of the Bureau of Mines, Seattle, Wash., has recently returned from Argentine, where he has been studying for the Argentine government the possibility of establishing an iron and steel industry in that country. Mr. Williams is soon to be transferred to the Pittsburgh, Pa., station of the Bureau of Mines.

DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, has returned from a botanical collecting trip to Peru, bringing with him approximately 10,000 specimens which are to be divided among the Academy of Natural Sciences, the New York Botanical Garden, the Field Museum in Chicago and the botanical departments of Harvard University.

PROFESSOR ALfons KlemenC, holding the chair of chemistry at the University of Vienna, has arrived in the United States for an extended visit. He will assist in editing the International Critical Tables of the National Research Council.

DR. H. P. K. AGERSBORG, Wheeler professor of biology in the James Millikin University, is spending the summer at Yale University, continuing his researches on sensory receptors in nudibranchs.

SIR OLIVER LODGE has been appointed Huxley lecturer for the session 1925-26 at the University of Birmingham. The subject of the lectures will be "Difficulties about the ether."

CARMELIA TOUSSAINT, of the department of mathematics at the College of the City of New York, died on July 17 at the age of forty-four years as a result of being accidentally shot.

DR. SIGMAR STARK, professor of gynecology of the University of Cincinnati, died at Carlsbad, CzechoSlovakia, on July 15, aged sixty-three years.

DR. WILLIAM PERRY WATSON, former president of the American Pediatric Association and of the New Jersey State Medical Society, died on July 17, aged seventy-three years.

HAROLD H. CLARK, chief engineer of the Wico Electric Company of West Springfield, Mass., and

for many years chief electrical engineer of the United States Bureau of Mines at Pittsburgh, has died at the age of fifty-four years.

ALFRED CRAVEN HARRISON, Jr., of Philadelphia and Venice, died July 7, in London, after a brief illness. Mr. Harrison conducted expeditions to the ruins of Copan in Spanish Honduras, Borneo, the Gobi Desert, Mongolia and Siberia.

THE deaths are announced of Dr. D. A. de Jong, professor of pathology at Leyden; Dr. C. Emery, professor emeritus of zoology at Bologna, and Dr. F. Ranwez, professor of pharmacology at Louvain.

PROFESSOR GUSTAV MUELLER, former director of the Astrophysical Observatory at Potsdam, has died.

THE annual meeting of the French Association for the Advancement of Science will be held at Grenoble, July 27 to August 1.

ACCORDING to a press dispatch, the International Conference on Pure and Applied Chemistry, in Bucharest, has accepted an invitation to hold its seventh meeting, in 1926, in the United States in connection with the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society. At a session of the sixth conference held in Bucharest it was voted not to admit former enemy citizens to membership in the International Chemistry Union until the former enemy states are admitted to membership in the League of Nations. The American delegates, under the leadership of Professor James Flack Norris, president of the American Chemical Society, refused to support the motion.

THE summer meeting of the Mathematical Association will be held at Cornell University, on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 8 and 9, in connection with the summer meeting and colloquium of the society. Addresses will be given by Professor G. D. Birkhoff on "The mathematical basis of art" (illustrated); by Mr. H. E. Webb on "The foundations of geometry from an elementary standpoint"; by Professor Irving Fisher on "The mathematics of economics," and by Professor H. L. Rietz on "Certain applications of differential and integral calculus in actuarial science" (retiring presidential address), with probably one other paper. The full program with information as to room and board will be sent to the members of the association about the first of August and reservations can be made at that time through Professor W. A. Hurwitz, of Cornell University.

THE annual meeting of the British Medical Association took place at Bath from July 20 to 25. The president-elect is Dr. F. G. Thomson, of Bath, and the following sections met under the respective presidents Medicine-President, Lord Dawson of Penn.