County, Calif., about seven miles from his home at Santa Rosa. Here is the original giant "Royal" hybrid walnut tree which for fifteen years has paid in nuts and grafts 6 per cent. annual interest on $10,000. There are 13,209 large and small "Royal" hybrid walnut trees. There are 14,846 new seedling hybrid chestnut trees; 188 hybrid and seedling mountain ash, 802 new Patagonia hybrid and seedling cherry trees, 1,499 plum and prune .trees, all new hybrids, bearing some 2,000 new varieties. All told, there are some 200 different departments of horticultural perfection, numbering many thousands of choicest plants, trees and perfected vegetables and berries. Stanford University desires to acquire and conduct this development farm as the Luther Burbank horticultural unit of Stanford University. The conditions under which Stanford University was established make it necessary that all units have their individual endowment. Luther Burbank, with a generous purpose to perpetuate the useful work he has already done for humanity, has made it possible for Stanford University to obtain this development farm at Sebastopol with its wealth of horticultural materials. As Mr. Burbank's contribution to the endowment fund, he is willing to transfer the property at a small part of its cost and real value to him. ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY THE Nineteenth Annual Convention of the Illuminating Engineering Society is to be held in Detroit, September 15 to 18, 1925, with headquarters at the Hotel Statler. This meeting will mark the inauguration of the new Michigan Section which will be observed by appropriate exercises. In addition to the president's reception and dance which is to be held on Tuesday evening, the banquet will be held on Thursday evening and the golf tournament on Wednesday morning. The Entertainment Committee has provided a number of special features of interest to the ladies and it is hoped that there will be many in attendance to enjoy the program provided. Prizes are to be awarded for games and sports events. Monday, September 14, the day preceding the convention, has been set aside for a number of special activities, meetings, etc., as noted below: (a) Special Committee meetings (details will be supplied by Committee Chairmen). (b) A meeting of all persons interested in the development of the Society and its sections, to be conducted by the President-elect, Mr. M. Luckiesh. (c) A meeting under the auspices of the Committee on Constitutional Revision, to discuss some rather radical changes in the Constitution which have been proposed. (d) A meeting especially for central-station lighting representatives and others interested in the development of lighting service, at which there will be held a round-table conference on the operation of central-station lighting bureaus. This will be followed by a dinner and inspection trip to representative installations of show-window and industrial lighting. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15TH 9:00 A. M.-Registration. 10:00 A. M.-Address of welcome-Alex Dow. Response to address of welcome. President's address. Report of general secretary. 2:30 P. M.-Report of committee on motor vehicle lighting. Paper-Improved automobile headlight- Paper-Depressible beam headlighting— Paper-Late developments in traffic con- 8:30 P. M.-President's reception and dance. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 16TH 8:30 A. M.-Golf tournament. 2:30 P. M.-Report of committee on natural lighting. Paper-Practical daylight calculations for vertical windows-W. S. Brown. Paper-Sawtooth design, its effect on natural illumination-W. C. Randall. Paper-Prediction of daylight from sloping windows-H. H. Higbie and A. Levin. Paper-Relative value of daylight, tungsten filament and mercury arc light and mixtures, as measured by visual acuity-Frank E. Carlson. Paper-The effect of mixing artificial light with daylight on important functions of the eye-C. E. Ferree and G. Rand. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 17TH 9:30 A. M.-Symposium on residential street lighting. Paper-The fading of colored materials by daylight and artificial light-M. Luckiesh and A. H. Taylor. Paper-Lighting for production-P. W. Cobb. 2:30 P. M.-Paper-Lighting of show windows dur ing daylight hours-(demonstration) Paper-Automobile body plant lighting Paper-The illumination of general elec- mittee-W. D'A. Ryan, chairman, Ward Harrison, G. H. Stickney, C. A. B. Halvorson, Jr., and H. E. Mahan. 7:30 P. M.-Banquet, Hotel Statler. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18TH 9:30 A. M.-Paper-Recent developments in neon lamps-D. McFarlan Moore and L. C. Porter. Paper-A practical form of photoelectric SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS THE next meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science will take place next summer. at Oxford under the presidency of the Prince of Wales. At the recent Southampton meeting it was voted that invitations should be issued next year irrespective of nationality. PROFESSOR KUSTNER, director of the observatory at Bonn, has been elected a corresponding member of the Real Accademia dei Lincei of Rome. DR. T. MADSEN, of the Copenhagen State Serum Institute, has been elected honorary member of the Belgian Académie de Médecine. THE French Academy has awarded the Bordin prize to the well-known psychiatrist Dr. Maurice de Fleury, member of the Académie de Médecine. THE Ebert award of the American Pharmaceutical Association has been given to Dr. H. T. Youngker, of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Boston, for a paper on the "Anatomy and botanical description of mire," presented at the last meeting. DR. LEOPOLD S. VACCARO, an instructor in the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, who is in Rome in the interest of the Sesqui-Centennial Exposition, has received the honorary degree of doctor of medicine from the University of Rome. THE American Civil Liberties Union has made plans to continue the legal fight against the Tennessee anti-evolution law. An advisory committee has been named, which consists of nineteen members, as follows: Professor Edwin G. Conklin, of Princeton University; Professor John M. Coulter, of the University of Chicago; Dr. J. McKeen Cattell, president of the Psychological Corporation; James Hardy Dillard, president of the John F. Slater Fund, Charlottesville, Va.; Dr. Charles W. Eliot, president emeritus of Har vard University; Paul Hutchinson, Chicago, editor of The Christian Century; David Starr Jordan, president emeritus of Leland Stanford University; Bishop Francis J. McConnell, of Pittsburgh; Rabbi Louis L. Mann, of Chicago; Dean Shailer Mathews, of the Divinity School of the University of Chicago; Professor Maynard M. Metcalf, of the Johns Hopkins University; the Rev. Charles Francis Potter, executive secretary of Antioch College; Professor Edward L. Rice, of Ohio Wesleyan University; Professor William North Rice, of Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn.; Luther Burbank, of California; Fred Eastman, editor of Christian Work; the Reverend William M. Francis, archbishop of the Western Orthodox Church; Stanley High and Halford E. Luccock, of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, and Rabbi Nathan Krass, of Temple Emanuel. THE Harvard Medical School will be represented by Dr. Nathaniel Allison, Dr. James H. Means, Dr. William P. Graves, Dr. Walter B. Cannon and Dr. Milton J. Rosenau, at the meeting of the Inter-State PostGraduate Assembly of America to be held in St. Paul, Minn., from October 12 to 16. WE learn from Nature that Professor J. G. McKendrick, F.R.S., the distinguished emeritus professor of physiology in the University of Glasgow, reached the age of eighty-four years on August 12, and that Sir William Tilden, F.R.S., eminent as a chemist, celebrated his eighty-third birthday on August 15. THE retirement under a new pension law is reported of John R. Bovell, director of agriculture, Barbados, and in the service of the department since 1883. ALFRED B. HASTINGS, associate professor of forestry in the University of Virginia and assistant state forester, has joined the United States Forestry Service as chief inspector of forestry work done cooperatively by the states and the federal service. Fred C. Peterson, formerly district forester with headquarters at Bristol, Va., has been appointed assistant state forester to succeed Mr. Hastings. DR. DAVID STARR JORDAN, chancellor emeritus of Stanford University, and Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, director of the museum and of the Steinhart Aquarium of the California Academy of Sciences, have been invited by Alexander Hume Ford, director of the Pan-Pacific Union, to come to Honolulu to advise with him and his board regarding the policy and scope of the Pan-Pacific Scientific Research Institution recently established at Honolulu. It is Mr. Ford's earnest desire that the policy, scope and organization of the institution receive careful consideration and that its activities be laid along lines which will enable the institution to be of the greatest possible value in the study of the problems of the Pacific, particularly those concerned with the conservation of the natural resources of the Pacific and its connecting waters. Dr. Jordan and Dr. Evermann have accepted the invitation and will sail on the S. S. Maui for Honolulu, September 16. They will be accompanied by Mrs. Jordan and Mrs. Evermann, and expect to spend about a month on the islands. UNDER the direction of Professor James Henry Breasted, head of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, an expedition to the ruins of the ancient fortified town of Armageddon in Palestine, the famous "battle ground of the ages," will be launched about the middle of August, when Professor Clarence Fisher, the field director just appointed, will sail from New York to begin the work. He will be followed at the end of the month by Dr. D. F. Higgins, assistant director, and E. L. De Loach, assistant geologist. Mr. John D. Rockefeller has pledged $215,000 towards the expenses of the expedition. PROFESSOR J. J. R. MCLEOD, of the faculty of medicine of the University of Toronto, addressed the British Association for the Advancement of Science on the subject of the supply of insulin at the Southampton meeting. SIR RONALD Ross opened the new building of the British Mosquito Control Institute at Hayling Island on August 31. PROFESSOR L. KOEPPE, of the University of Halle, Germany, recently gave a course of lectures at the Lakeside Hospital, Cleveland, on "Slit-lamp microscopy." Beginning on September 15, Professor Koeppe will lecture at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York. THE Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain will celebrate the centenary of the invention of photography by Joseph Nicephore Niepce from September 14 to 24. Three of the original photographs produced by Niepce in 1825 will be displayed during the celebration. The photographs are the oldest in Britain and only recently came into the possession of the society and will be a feature of the International Exhibition of Photography to be held in connection with the celebration. A MONUMENT to Robert Fulton, American inventor of the steamboat, will be erected in the little town of Ptombiers, Eastern France, with funds that a committee fostering the plan hopes to get through subscriptions in France and the United States. The town chosen for the monument is the place where Fulton conducted tests with a miniature steamboat on the Augronne River in 1802. A STREET in Brussels near the university has been renamed in honor of the late Professor A. Depage. THE death is announced of Professor W. E. Cutler, of the University of Manitoba and leader of the British Museum expedition which has been excavating dinosaurian bones in Africa. PROFESSOR ARISTIDE STEFANI, the well-known physiologist of Padua, has recently died. WE learn from the last issue of the Journal of Geography of the deaths of Henri Cordier, president of the Geographical Society of France; Adolphe Cattaui Bey, secretary-general of the Royal Egyptian Geographical Society, and of Dr. Oscar Lenz, who was formerly professor of geography in the German University at Prague. DON LUIS CUBILLO Y MURO, director of the Geographic Institute of Spain and president of the Spanish National Committees of Geophysics and of Astronomy, died on July 10. Dr. William Bowie writes: "Much of the success, which attended the meeting in October, 1924, of the International Geodetic and Geophysical Union in Madrid, Spain, was due to the untiring efforts and great affability of Dr. Cubillo. He was a man of great personal charm as well as of distinguished scientific ability and his death is a loss to international science as well as to his family and his immediate circle of friends. Under his leadership the Geographic Institute of Spain has been carrying on scientific research of great value in the field of geophysics and recent determinations of the value of gravity at various points in Spain will form a valuable contribution to scientific, knowledge. THE United States Civil Service Commission announces examination for assistant civil engineer. Receipt of applications will close October 6. The examination is to fill a vacancy in the Office of Indian Affairs for duty at San Carlos, Ariz., and vacancies occurring in positions requiring similar qualifications throughout the United States at an entrance salary of $2,400 a year. Advancement in pay may be made without change in assignment up to $3,000 a year. THE forty-ninth annual meeting of the French Association for the Advancement of Science was opened at Grenoble on July 27, under the presidency of Emile Borel, minister of marine. WE learn from the Journal of the American Medical Association that the fifth International Congress on the History of Medicine took place at the Athéneé at Geneva, from July 20 to 25, under the presidency of Dr. Charles Greene Cumston, formerly of Boston, and now instructor in medical history in the University of Geneva. Eleven nations were represented (Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Holland, Italy, Morocco, Poland, Spain, Switzerland and the United States) and although the number of those registered was not as great as at the previous congress (influenced largely by the unfavorable rate of exchange), the percentage attending the various séances was considerably higher. Five national sections (Egypt, Greece, Portugal, Roumania and Sweden) were not represented. Each session was presided over by the representative of one of the countries participating. The next congress will be held at Leyden in July, 1927, under the presidency of Dr. J. G. de Lint. THE sixtieth anniversary of the Society of Technical Engineers of Czechoslovakia was celebrated at Prague from June 20 to 24, 1925. The festivities, at which President Mazaryk and his ministers were present, consisted of the laying of the corner stone of the Prague Technical School, the laying of the corner stone of the building for the engineering societies and a visit to the Skoda works. ACCORDING to the Rio de Janeiro correspondent of the Journal of the American Medical Association the National Academy of Medicine, the oldest of all Brazilian scientific bodies, and next to the oldest in South America, celebrated its ninety-sixth anniversary on June 30. The session assumed befitting solemnity and was presided over by the secretary of the interior. The president of the academy, Professor M. Couto, delivered an address on eugenic problems, emphasizing the rôle of health in human accomplishments. The first secretary, Dr. Belmiro Valverde, described the papers submitted during the year, and the official orator, Dr. Garfield de Almeida, recalled the merits of the members who had died during the year. The academy gold medal was granted to Dr. A. Valerio for his monograph on sciatica. The president then read the list of prizes to be awarded in the coming year. THE first award of the Cole prize of the American Mathematical Society will be made at the end of 1927 for a notable contribution to the theory of linear algebras by a resident of the United States or Canada. The first award will be two hundred dollars. The contribution may be either an unpublished manuscript or a paper first published during 1925, 1926 or 1927. Two copies of the manuscript or printed paper should be in the hands of the secretary of the society, 501 West 116th Street, New York City, on or before October 31, 1927. ABOUT twenty leading American colleges and universities have filed applications for their students of chemistry and chemical engineering to take the one week course of intensive training in practical technique of chemical engineering to be held in conjunction with the tenth Exposition of Chemical Industries at the Grand Central Palace, New York, during the week of September 28 to October 3. More than three hundred students are expected to enroll before the closing date. All students of recognized colleges, as well as practicing chemical engineers, who desire to brush up on fundamentals, are eligible to take the course which is without cost. Some of the leading authorities on engineering methods, materials and equipment will be among the speakers. Lectures will be held during the morning hours at the Grand Central Palace prior to the official opening of the exposition each day. Tours among the exhibits for practical demonstrations will also be conducted for the students. Examinations will be held at the close of the course as a number of colleges have designated their intentions of giving their students credit toward their degrees for work done at the Chemical Exposition. Professor W. T. Read, of the department of chemistry of Yale University, is in charge of the course. THE Experimental Station Record states that a report of a committee appointed by the board of overseers at Harvard University to study the Bussey Institution recommends that the university establish a graduate department of agriculture. The committee estimates that an endowment of $12,000,000 would be required to carry out this plan in an adequate way. This sum would provide $150,000 per annum for fifteen new professorships, a like sum for the maintenance of libraries and laboratories and $24,000 per annum for fellowships. The remainder of the endowment would be available for new laboratories, greenhouses, animal houses and dormitory accommodations for the 400 students which the committee estimates would desire enrollment. THE Ministry of Agriculture of France is establishing an Agronomic Research Institute at ClermontFerrand. Laboratories will be provided for plant studies from the standpoint of agricultural botany, genetics, pathology, entomology, etc. M. Crépin has been appointed director of the institute. ON July 12 a new Geophysical Observatory at Jakutsk commenced work. Organized by the Geophysical Central Observatory, Leningrad, the new observatory represents a local branch of the Central Observatory and consists meanwhile of two sections, dealing with meteorological and the aerological work, respectively. It is expected that in due course the observatory will be equipped for actinometric, optical and magnetic observations. UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NOTES THE total of funds to the credit of the $17,500,000 development program of the University of Chicago, according to an announcement by Robert P. Lamont, chairman of the committee on development, is $6,508,752. In addition, $2,134,763 has been given to the university during the campaign for other than campaign purposes, so that the total of subscriptions made to the university during the period of the campaign is $8,643,515. WITH the gift of $1,000,000 to Washington University by Mr. Charles Rebstock, of St. Louis, will be erected a building for biology, costing $300,000; the remainder of the gift will be used for general endowment. This is one of the largest gifts the university has ever received from an individual and differs from the usual donation in that no stipulations are attached. THE trustees of Gettysburg College have appropriated $100,000 for the construction of a new chemical laboratory. DR. W. L. HOWARD, of the University of California, has been appointed director of the branch of the College of Agriculture at Davis in addition to his previous duties as head of the division of pomology in the university. DR. CHARLES H. KEENE, director of health education in the department of public instruction at Harrisburg, Pa., has been appointed professor of hygiene and director of physical education at the University of Buffalo. DR. A. K. ALDINGER, for twenty years supervisor of physical education in the schools of New York, has been appointed professor of physical education at the University of Vermont. DR. VASIL OBRESHCOVE, associate professor of zoology at Syracuse University, has been made head of the biology department at St. Stephen's College, Annandale-on-the-Hudson. DR. A. B. DAWSON has recently resigned his position with Loyola University School of Medicine, Chicago, to accept an appointment as associate professor of biology at New York University. C. I. REED (Ph.D., '25, Chicago), formerly associate professor of physiology in the University of Kansas and for the past year fellow in medicine of the National Research Council, has accepted the position of associate professor of physiology in Baylor University Medical School, Dallas, Texas. NEW appointments at the Carnegie Institute of Technology include the following: Arthur C. Jewett, formerly head of the department of mechanical engineering at the University of Maine and more recently with the Winchester Repeating Arms Co., to be director of the college of industries; William T. Crandell, of Kansas, assistant professor of commercial engineering, and Dr. Borden P. Hoover, formerly of the University of Illinois, assistant professor of mathematics. DR. W. H. MAXWELL TELLING, who has occupied the chair of therapeutics in the University of Leeds for the past two years, has been elected professor of medicine and head of the department of medicine on the retirement from that office of Dr. T. Wardrop Griffith. Dr. R. A. Veale has been elected to the chair of therapeutics in place of Professor Telling and Dr. G. W. Watson has been elected to the chair of clinical medicine, which has been vacant since the retirement of Dr. A. G. Barrs. DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE BERNOUILLI'S PRINCIPLE AS CONSERVATION OF ENERGY WHILE clearing up a doubt in the mind of a bright undergraduate the writer learned to his surprise that the old notion of "pressure energy" had reappeared in a recent edition of a popular college text on physics, with the usual application to Bernouilli's Principle. Now it is absurdly easy to show that such energy does not exist; for instance, if the pressure on a cubic centimeter of water is raised from zero to one atmosphere or 1.031 × 106 dynes per cm2, the water is compressed by 0.000045 cc and the work done is only 46 ergs: how then can the water have acquired energy numerically equal to the pressure or equal to 1'031'000 ergs? But when a persistent error admits of such easy refutation, it usually contains a grain of truth. The only way to destroy the pressureenergy complex for good and all is probably to direct greater attention to the correct interpretation of Bernouilli's Equation as an energy equation and to urge the general adoption of this interpretation in elementary texts on physics. According to Bernouilli's Equation |