fufpected." The characters of the five other Minifters, La Colte, Duranton, Claviere, Degrave and Roland, whom the Author compliments with exhibit. ing a marked refemblance to our patriot, Sir Jofeph Jekyll,

"Who never chang'd his principles or wigs,"

are alfo delineated.

We at length, after fome toil, come to the laft Section of this Introduction, which, like a long avenue and immenfe veftibule, we hope will conduct us to a building remarkable for its grandeur, elegance, proportion, and the burmony of its parts. We have, by gradual steps, afcended to the hall, and find it adorned with pictures reprefentative of the itate of Europe: among which our guide particularly directs our attention to one which exhibits a likeness of France in the year 1791; and we are defired to confider how the fituation

:

of this piece bore upon every other in this quarter of the globe.

In the course of his explanation, he compliments a few of his countrymen who had fagacity enough to discover, probably in the countenances, but certainly in the principles and policy, of the members that compofe the piece which reprefents the British Cabinet, the impending ftorm, "and who boldly prefaged, that the fame men who had to zealously, but impolitically, contended against liberty in one hemifphere, would not, unmoved, behold her triumph in another."

The combinations against France; Treaty of Piinitz; the ftrength of France; hoftility of the Nobles, &c.; form the remainder of this Section, which concludes with a general with for war, of which we are now prepared to contemplate the events, and appreciate the advantages. (To be continued.)

will be within the recollection of fuch of our readers, who have a turn of mind for noticing and examining public tranfactions as they occur, and become topics of general converfation, that the idea of employing dogs to hunt, run down, and poffibly to devour men, as foon as the intelligence of the unnatural meafure reached England, excited an univerfal fenfation of horror and difguft. Both in Parliament, and from the prefs, the fubject was taken up with a degree of public fpirit, humanity, and compaf. fion, becoming a Chriftian nation, diftinguished for its love of religious and civil liberty, for the mildness of its government, and for the amiable character of its Sovereign, who has conftantly tempered juftice with mercy.

No wonder, then, that the government of Jamaica, and every individual acting under it, and having a fhare, either in a legislative capacity, or in carrying into execution, a favage warfare, unprecedented in the glorious annals of British hiftory, thould be defirous, even at a remote period, when

the difgraceful expedition for fub duing the Maroons was almost forgotten, to exculpate themfelves, in the eyes of their fellow tubjects. How far the prefent work may produce this defirable effect, we leave it to the public to decide, after a candid fiatement of the reafons aligned in the fecond volume for adopting fuch an extraordinary step.

The Frontifpiece exhibits the Portrait of a Black Spanish Chaffeur of the Ifland of Cube, with two Dogs muzzled, and another loote; in the back-ground is a view of a Maroon town, or camp, the landfcape by E. J. Smith, and the figures by Jofeph Smith; both of them 10 well executed, that the skill of the artifs is calculated, on the first blush of the bufinefs, to prejudice the reader again't proceeding to an investigation of the defence with which the volume opens. The ingenious advocate who has undertaken it has acquitted himself mot ably as the friend of Colonel Quarrell, of the Houfe of Affembly of Jamaica, of Lord Balcarres the Governor, and of his Majelty's Council

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in the Iland, he has merited their unbounded gratitude; and as an interetting historian, his pages will be read with fenfible pleafure; but the caufe itself must be tried by an impartial jury, by the community; for it is a molt important one, as it is attempted in this work to establish it as a precedent; and though, in the prefent inftance, it was not carried into effect, fo as to produce the bloody cataltrophes that might have enfued, we can. not forefee the refult of the example being followed upon any future occafon, it fuch a principle is introduced, as a permanent political maxim, "founded on the authority of the mot celebrated writers on public law."

It now becomes our duty to give the cafe, as it is stated in Letter IX., the fire in the fecond volume." Neither the energy and determined activity of Lord Balcarres, nor the skill, bravery, and fucceffes, of General Walpole, feemed to avail in the Maroon war. The whole range of Cockpits was open to the enemy: if annoyed in one, they chote another; and the contest had all the appearance of being an endless evil, or rather one that threatened the entire celtruction of the Iland; for had this body of Maroons evinced that their rebellion was not a temporary struggle, but a permanent and fuccessful oppolition to Government, it is highly probable that the example might in time have united all the turbulent fpirits among the flaves in a fimilar experiment, if not in the fame intereft; or indeed fuch a decided triumph might have tempted numbers of the planta tion negroes, unwilling before to change a itate of peace for warfare, to join the Maroons: at all events, they would have been a rallying point for every difcontented Dave, and for all who, dreading punishment, were in cited by their fears to efcape. The lives of the Colonitts must have been fpent in continual terror; maffacres and depredation would have fpread throughout the country; and all the credit of the Inland in Great Britain would have funk to nothing. To complete this milerable picture, the foreign enemy, when fully affured of the itate of the colony, would, though unable to make a defcent, have kept the coafts in conitant alarm, and found means to maintain the fpirit of rebellion, and perhaps to fupply the rebels with arms.

A peace by fupplication, as the terrors of fome had led them to propose, would have been equally fatal and more difgraceful. It was in this ftate of affairs, and while General Walpole, whofe firmnefs had refcued the Ilind from the thame of a precipitate avowal of defpondence and inability, was bent on compelling the Maroons to folicit terms, that an unpremeditated converfation gave rife to circumuances that eventually put an end to a war, in which force and military skill might have been foiled many years.

"Colonel Quarrell, who had been upon fervice with the troops in the Mountains, was compelled by the state of his health to leave the head-quarters, and to go down to the fea-thore. There he met with an intelligent Spaniard, who, talking with him on the state of the Illand, related an event, to which the Colonel paid the utmost attention, as he thought the ideas it fuggefted might prove of importance to the country. It fees, that fome years before, when the British fettlers abandoned the Mufquito ihore to the Spaniards, the latter were oppofed by the native Indians, who had always the wn the most determined enmity to them. They attempted in vain to take poffeffion of the country by means of a military force: in the course of a few months they lot, from furprifes and ambushes, nearly three regiments. Compelled to aban don the place, or fall upon some plan to counteract the Indian warfare, they imported from Cuba thirty-fix dogs and twelve chaleurs (huntimen): thefe auxiliaries were more formidable than the finelt regiment of the mit warlike nation could have been; and from the time of their being employed, neither furprife nor ambuta annoyed the troops, the Spaniards foon facceeded in expelling the Mufquito Indians from the territory on the coat, and quietly occupied Black River, Blue Fields and Cape Gracios a Deos. In whatever light the Philanthropit may view means of the gentleft kind when used to drive men from their native land, he cannot justly blame the harsheit adopted at home, when felf-prefervation is the end propofed. Had the cafe been reveried, had the Indians employed dogs in driving away the Spaniards, and keeping them from their country, fatiffaction, and not horror, would have been the emotion excited. It occurred to Colonel Quarrell, that the afliitance

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of a certain number of the Cuba chaffeurs would be attended with happy effects: he forefaw, that the very terror they would fpread would induce the Maroons to fubmit on proper terms; and be argued, that even if the Commander in Chief were compelled to bring them into actual fervice, it would be better, and more for the interelt of humanity, that fome of the rebels thould be thus defroyed, than that the most barbarous mafficres fhould be committed on the inhabitants, and the colony ruined. Swayed by these motives, he fuggefted the fcheme to the Speaker and feveral Members of the House of Affembly, to be laid before the Lieutenant-Governor. The Houfe, however, mifconceived the plan in their anxiety to fpare the lives of the troops in to usequal a warfare, they approved of the means propofed, but contented themfelves with recommending that a pecuniary encouragement fhould be given to the Spaniards trading to the north fide of the Island to bring over a few dogs, in order to fee what effect the importation would have. Colonel Quarrell, who had now retained the Spaniard with whom he had converfed, and two others, in his pay, preffed the conducting the business on a furer ground and a more extenfive plan; and having obtained full information on the fubject, offered to take the business upon himfelf, provided he were furnifhed with a vetfel, and a letter from the Governor of Jamaica to the Spanish Governor at the Havanna, requesting permiffion, for him to purchase dogs. The Government, having taken the affer into confideration, acceded to the propofal; a fchooner, called the Mercury, carrying twelve guns, was fent down to Blue Fields, an open road at the western extremity of Jamaica, and a letter was tranfmitted to the Colonel, addreffed to Don Luis de las Cuf25, Governor of the Havanna, recommending the bearer of it to his attentions, as a Commillioner for the purposes mentioned in it, and likewife as a Member of the Legislature, and a LieutenantColonel of the troops."

Without entering into details refpecting the voyage, abfurdly filed, the Expedition to Cuba, a term ufually applied by Statesmen to denote extraordinary armaments, or enterprizes of great nations for objects of the firft magnitude, let us proceed to the prinipal arguments advanced in the Houle

of Affembly of Jamaica for and agains the measure.

"The Affembly were not unapprifed that the calling in fuch auxiliaries, and uing the canine fpecies against human beings, would give rite to much animadvertion in England; and that the hor rible enormities of the Spaniards in the conquest of America would be brought again to remembrance. It is but too true, that dogs were used by thofe Chriftian barbarians against the peaceful and inottentive Americans; and the just indignation of mankind has ever fince branded, and will continue to brand, the Spanish nation with infamy, for fuch atrocities. It was forefeen, and frongly urged as an argument against recurring to the lame means in the prefent cale, that the prejudices of party, and the virulent zeal of realefs and turbulent men, would place the proceedings of the Aflembly on this occafion in a point of view equally odious with the conduct of Spain on the fame blood stained theatre in times paft. No allowance would be made for the wide diference exifting between the two cafes. Some Gentlemen even thought, that the cooperation of dogs with Britain troops, would give not only a cruel, but a very datardly complexion to the proceed. ings of Government."

To thefe and fimilar objections, it was antwered, that the farety of the Iland and the lives of the inhabitants were not to be facrificed to the apprehenfion of perverfe conftructions or wiful mireprefentations in the mo ther-country. It was maintained, that the grounds of the meature needed only to be fully examined, and fairly stated, to induce all reafonable men to admit its propriety and neceiity. To hold it as a principle, that it is an act of cruelty or cowardice in man to employ other animals as instruments of war, is a polition contradicted by the practice of all nations. The Abatics have ever ufed elephants in their battles; and if lions and tigers pofiefied the docility of elephants, no one can doubt that thofe alfo would be made to afflit the military operations of men, in thofe regions where they abound. Even the use of cavalry, as eftablished among the moit civilized and polished nations of Europe, must be rejected, if this principle be admitted; for wherein, it was afked, does the humanity of that doctrine confift, which allows the employ

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ment of troops of horfe in the purfuit of difcomfited and flying infantry, yet farinks at the preventive measure of Sparing the effufion of human blood, by tracing with hounds the haunts of murderers, and roufing from ambush favages more ferocious and blood-thirty

than the animals which track them?

The merits of the question, it was Said, depended altogether on the origin and caufe of the war, and the objects to be obtained by its continuance. "If the caufe and end of war," fays Payley, "be justifiable, all the means that appear neceflary to that end are juftifi. able alfo. This is the principle which defends thofe extremities to which the violence of war ufually proceeds: for face war is a contest by force between parties who acknowledge no common fuperior, and fince it includes not in its idea the fuppofition of any convention which fhould place limits to the operations of force, it has naturally no boundary but that in which force terminates, the destruction of the life against which the force is directed."

The whole chain of this reafoning, which is continued to fome length, contains rather the fentiments of Payley, and of Bryan Edwards, an interefted planter, not remarkable for lenity to his flaves, whofe partial account of the Maroon war, in his Hiftory of the British Settlements in the West Indies, is fufficient to invalidate his arguments, than thofe of the moderate men of the Affembly, who voted for the first measure, "that of giving a pecuniary reward to the Spaniards trading to the north fide of the Ifland, to bring over a few dogs, in order to fee what effect the importation would have." Had this milder plan taken effect, Spaniards, and not an English Officer, would have had the difgraceful commiffion of procuring the dogs, without the formality of a diplomatic embaffy to the Governor of the Havanna. And it appears by the fequel, that it would have had the defired effect; for the dogs were no fooner landed, than they ftruck a ter ror into the minds of all the black inhabitants of the Island; and even many of the white people fhuddered on beholding the ferocity of thefe animals, who were exercifed, by way of experiment, under a volley of mufquetry, to alcertain what effect would be produced on them by a fire of the laroons. Some of the dogs, maddened by the

fhout of attack while held back by the ropes, feized on the stocks of the guns in the hands of their keepers, and tore pieces out of them. Their impetuofity was fo great on their march to the ren dezvous where they met General Walpole, the Commander in Chief of the Forces acting against the Maroons, "that they were with difficulty ftopped before they reached the General, who found it neceffary to go into the chaife from which he had alighted; and if the greatest exertions had not been made to stop them, they would certainly have feized upon his horfes. The Negroes on the different estates through which they paffed left their work, and fled in every direction." And the defperate Maroons, whose rebellion, it is allerted, menaced the total ruin of the Island, were no fooner informed of the approach of thefe new auxiliaries to the British troops, than they offered to furrender; and we defy any impartial person to perufe the narrative of this tranfaction, without perceiving that the importa tion of a few dogs, as at firit propofed by the Spaniards, would have brought the war to the fame happy termination. See p. 7. The following limple articles of peace, entered into on the 21ft of December 1795, were confidered as a Treaty. The propofals were made by the Maroons, and granted by General Walpole.

Ilt, "That they would on their knees beg his Majelty's pardon. 2d, That they would go to the Old Town, Montego Bay, or any other place that might be pointed out, and would fet tle on whatever lands the Governor, Council, and Affembly, might think proper to allot. 3d, That they would give up all run-aways;" that is, negro flaves who had left their mafters and joined them. To thefe articles General Walpole was under the neceffity of adding another, which was a fecret one, promiling that the Maroons fhould not be fent off the Ifland; and he was obliged to accede on his oath." And was not this condition clearly implied in the second article, wherein it is stipulated that they should retire to the Old Town, &c.? How could this take place, if they were to be exiled to Nova Scotia? Yet the Affembly violated this treaty, and fent them to Halifax : the feelings of General Walpole were wounded, and with becoming dignity he refuted the fword which the Allem

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