Calhoun says "Mr. Smith instituted prayer-meetings, preached often, and with great zeal. His method was plain, practical and very fervid; but perfectly free from ranting. The Calvinistic doctrines were conspicuous in his sermons. He varied his subjects as occasion required. Sometimes he preached the terrors of the law. But dwelt more on the love of God to a lost world, as manifested by the gift of his Son to die for our redemption. When on this subject he would make powerful appeals, to all the generous and noble feelings of human nature, to induce the careless part of his audience to close in with the gracious purposes of their God towards them. And to encourage the convicted and desponding sinner, he would set forth, in an alluring manner and glowing colours, the pity and compassion of Christ, his benevolence, his readiness to forgive sins, the efficacy of his atoning blood, the perfection of his righteousness. for their justification, and his successful intercession in heaven as their High Priest, in their behalf. Sometimes he preached very searching and trying sermons to guard his people against delusion. He was lucid in his exposition of the Scriptures, and exhibited the doctrines clearly and in a practical manner. His address was good."

Dr. Hoge, who was President of Hampden Sidney, some years after Mr. Smith, speaks of him as a minister-in page 414 of his printed sermons-"Remember your Smith, a name dear to thousands in our country, and still dear to numbers in this audience. He was indeed a burning and a shining light. And it was the privilege of some of you to rejoice in his light -to live under his efficacious ministry; and this must have been a distinguished privilege. I have, if I mistake not, heard greater orators, preachers of more profound meditation, of a more brilliant imagination, and superior to him in any particular qualification, unless the fervour of his piety be an exception. But a preacher possessing every ministerial qualification in a degree so eminent, I have never known. Nor do I ever expect again to hear a preacher, whose discourses will be equally calculated for the learned and the unlearned, the rich and the poor, the devout Christian and the abandoned profligate-in a word every character and description of man. I need hardly observe to this audience that he was the most distinguished instrument in promoting the late glorious revival in our church. A revival which is said to have begun under his ministry, and the fruits of which are still visible in our churches. Methinks I still see him stand the accredited ambassador of the great King of kings and Lord of lords, while every feature and every muscle of his face, every word and action, as well as the lightning of hist eyes, seem to bespeak a soul on fire. Remember them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto you the word of

God, whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation."

The manner and character of Mr. Smith's preaching has been stated in giving the character of the revival, because it is well known that the character and manner of the preachertaking manner in its widest sense--who is the leader or principal instrument in a revival, give tone and character to the revival, for good or for evil. The Tennents in Jersey, the Blairs in Pennsylvania, Robinson and Davies in Virginia-and then again Smith and Graham in Virginia, stamped their own. impress on the work of God. Mr. Smith was extraordinary in possessing all ministerial qualifications in a happy medium, and no one qualification in an absorbing degree, consequently there were no mannerisms in the revival, or among his pupils. Calvinistic in his doctrines according to the Confession of Faith, he made the grand doctrines of the gospel speak in men's ears an alarming message, which the Holy Spirit sent to the heart. Retentive in memory, strong in argument, powerful in persuasion, having Scripture at command, he was a ready preacher, feeling what was fitting the occasion. Open-hearted, liberal and compassionate, easy in deportment, with friends often facetious, sometimes witty, he was slow in making friendships, and still slower in abandoning friends of his choice. Mr. Calhoun says "he was lean, of a middling stature, his hair very black, his mouth large, his cheeks lank, his cheek bones. visible but not protruding much; I think his chin projected forward, and was broad not sharp-his eyes strongly expressed the emotions of his mind." A lady now living who was a convert under his preaching—says "his eyes were blue when in conversation with you; but when aroused in speaking they appeared dark and piercing." His heart was so set upon his work that he often overtasked his body. Mr. Smith had-says Dr. Hill-"but a slender frame, and was of a very feeble constitution, and exerted himself beyond his strength; and would often go into the pulpit when some of his best friends said he ought to be in bed. Once he ruptured a blood-vessel and fell in his pulpit, and had to be taken and carried home. At another time he was preaching in a private house, standing by a large open window in warm weather, when he ruptured another vessel, and putting his head out of the window, he discharged so much blood, that none of his congregation expected ever to hear him preach again. His physicians and friends seriously advised him to quit preaching; but in a few weeks he pursued his former course as though nothing had occurred. The ardency of his pursuits, and the buoyancy of his nature gave such an elasticity to his feeble frame as soon overcome common dangers and frailties." Those who remember how much we are influen

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ced by small things will know how to give their proper weight to these small matters respecting Mr. Smith, as he was standing forth God's chosen instrument for a great and good work for generations of men.

"He was very careful to supply those who were recently awakened with books suitable to their occasions,-such asAlleine's Alarm, Baxter's Call, Doddridge's Rise and Progress, Boston's Fourfold State, Bellamy's True Religion delineated and distinguished from all counterfeits, and his Paulinus and Theron, Dickerson's Letters, Willison on the Shorter Catechism, and Sacramental Meditations, and especially Edwards on Religious Affections. There were few of his young members who had not read more or less of these authors; and some of them the whole of them.

"He advised those who were awakened not to be too hasty in professing conversion; and urged them to examine the foundations of their hopes well before they entertained a hope they had made their peace with God, stating it was a dreadful thing to be deceived in a matter of such importance. Generally months, and in some instances a year or more was suffered to pass before they were received into the church. No anxious seat, nor inquiry meetings were used or thought of in those days: but no opportunity was suffered to pass by without talking to such persons in the most plain and faithful manner. these days nothing was talked much about but religion, and whenever friends met, the first thing they said was-How are you coming on?-what difficulties do you find in your way?

In

2. THE EXTENT OF THE REVIVAL.-It has been stated that all the congregations in Cumberland, Prince Edward, and Charlotte, were revived. The awakening was very general throughout those counties; and the congregations were enlarged to cover a great portion of the whole country. These counties were supplied mostly by the officers of College and Mr. Sankey. By the instrumentality of Mr. Mitchell, it extended to Bedford and Campbell, and was felt extensively in those counties where there are still remaining some of the subjects of the work. Mr. Graham was blessed in carrying on the good work in Liberty Hall, and seeing it spread over Rockbridge very generally; and Legrand spread it through nearly all the counties up and down the Valley. Mr. Pattillo rejoiced in its influence in Granville and Caswell counties, North Carolina, among people, some of whom had emigrated from Virginia, and had been hearers of Davies. James McGready on his way to Carolina, tarried a while in Prince Edward, and went on his way with a burning heart to Orange and Guilford, and witnessed there a great display of God's grace. "Persons of all ranks in society, of all ages, both old and young, became the

subjects of this work" says Dr. Hill speaking of part of Cumberland, of Charlotte, and Prince Edward-"so that there was scarcely a magistrate upon the bench, or a lawyer at the bar in Prince Edward and Charlotte, but became members of the church. Young men and women were generally heartily engaged in the work, so that it was now as rare a thing to find one who was not religious, as it had been formerly to find one that was. The frivolities and amusements once so prevalent, were all abandoned, and gave place to singing, serious conversation, and prayer-meetings-very few comparatively, who appeared to become serious, afterwards lost their impressions, or apostatized; and the cases which did occur were chiefly those who never became members of the church. An apostate member of the church was a rare instance indeed. Among the number who did profess religion, no instance is recollected of extravagance or fanaticism, or which exhibited any of the wild and visionary symptoms which have so often attended other revivals, and brought them into contempt. This was attributable to the great caution, vigilance and judgment displayed by Mr. Smith in conducting the revival."

It is remarkable that the congregations on the north side of James River, the theatre of Robinson and Davies, were not visited in this awakening. There is no record of a single neighbourhood revived; on them there was no dew; but preacher and people, who had seen wonders in former days, were left in their barrenness and desolation, and wastings and decay.

In the upper end of the Valley of Virginia, the work in its main features was such as has been described in Charlotte, Prince Edward, and Cumberland. Some of all ages and classes were brought into the fold of God; of this, an account will more properly be found in the memoir of Mr. Graham.

In Bedford and Campbell, there were neighbourhoods of which a similar account might have been given. The case of James Turner of Bedford, requires a special memoir.

The influence of the revival in North Carolina was as cheering and extensive as in Virginia, as may be seen by the Sketches of North Carolina.

3. THE EFFECTS of this revival were precious, incalculably precious, in the great numbers brought into the church, and the consequent good influence on society;-and in the number of ministers it brought into the Lord's vineyard, by whose means the wide bounds of the Virginia Synod received important accessions of churches, especially in the wide regions of beautiful Kentucky. The influence on the churches has never been lost; succeeding revivals and refreshings have perpetuated the good feeling and piety, and the estimated standard of religion

fashioned and reared in those times of excitement. Very few of the individuals, then gathered into the church, remain in the land of the living; and many of their descendants have emigrated to the great South and West; but the traditions of the wonderful doings of God for the salvation of sinners in the years 1788, 1789, are interwoven with the recollections of the people, who, sharing the blessings of grace in their youth, in that favoured time and place, lived to old age adorning society and the church, by the exhibition of Christian character, the more lovely as the gates of heaven drew near. "It is not an uncommon thing" says Dr. Hill-"after a great excitement on the subject of religion in any place, for it to be followed by a season of deadness and declension, and a falling away of many. It was not so here;-there were no long protracted meetings, in which ministers and members exerted themselves to exhaustion, and then had to relax, to recruit their strength, while the fowls of the air were plucking up the good seed which had been sown. The efforts here used were common means, diligently and judiciously employed, and perseveringly pursued, without relaxation or abatement. It is confidently believed that the subjects of no revival, especially one embracing so many, ever lived more consistently with their profession, and persevered more tenaciously to the end of their days. This gave a character to the Presbyterian Church to the south for vital, exemplary piety, which has pervaded several States, and given a tone to religious exercises far and wide."

A number of young men, members of College and subjects of this work of grace, entered the ministry. From Hampden Sidney came William Hill, Nash Legrand, Clement Read, Cary Allen, James Blythe, and William Calhoun, into the Presbyterian Church, two of whom are still living, and all of whom have memorials; Mr. Charles, leaving the College without making a profession, afterwards became a minister in the Episcopal Church; and Mr. Abner Erly, without uniting with the church in College, afterwards became a minister in the Methodist Church. Others that were members of College at the same time became elders in the Presbyterian Church, as Dr. James Jones, of Nottoway, and Mr. Stephen Trent of Cumberland, and probably others. Many young people not connected with the College became office-bearers in the church, and some entered the ministry.

The names of those that during, or in consequence of this revival, as it was conducted by Mr. Graham, entered the ministry, are more properly given in connexion with the memoir of that man. They are inscribed in the records of the Presbyterian Church; their doings are entwined in the noblest efforts of God's people for about half a century.