would have been mimeographed had they not been too long. Short abstracts marked A were for the most part those which, though excellently prepared, were somewhat limited in their popular appeal, or of more or less local application. The dividing line between the mimeographed abstracts and those marked A is of course a more or less arbitrary one. The number of mimeographed papers available at a meeting of this sort should be about ten for each day, or between 50 and 60 in all. If there are more than this there is always the possibility that too much reliance will be placed on the mimeographed sheets and the incentive for examination of the other material by the representatives of the press may be decreased. The letter B was used to indicate material of less, though still considerable, popular interest. The letter C indicated material which, though easily intelligible, was of little general interest. The letter D was used for abstracts and papers including technical terms not generally understood. Abstracts marked X were those which were judged not to be suitable for press notice, either because they included symbols which can not be set in newspaper type, or because of the nature of the subject-matter. However, these were laid out with the others, for examination by the representatives of the press. These men know public sentiment in regard to the various different lines of science, and experience has shown that they can be relied upon never to publish anything that might prejudice the association or science in general in the public mind. This classification of the abstracts and papers for the news service, it should be remembered, has nothing to do with the intrinsic value of the subject-matter. It concerns merely the relative value of the papers from the standpoint of immediate newspaper availability. At the Washington meeting all the material was made available for examination by the press as soon as it was received. This enabled the reporters to go over it at leisure and to make up fairly complete stories for each day of the meetings before the meetings actually began. With this preliminary work done, they were able to spend their time in seeking interviews and in developing various leads which they had discovered from a study of the abstracts. Also in many cases accounts of the meetings were mailed in advance to distant papers, which were later supplemented by telegraphic additions. At Philadelphia the mimeographed sheets were assembled in fifty complete sets which were distributed on Monday morning. There were four release times for each day, morning (for papers read the preceding evening), noon, afternoon and evening. The release date marked on a paper or abstract was final, and was not changed if the reading of the paper happened to be advanced or postponed. The reason for this is that many of the reports were sent in long in advance and it was not possible to follow these up. If such changes were attempted it might easily happen that one paper in a city would print a story two or three days in advance of the date of release for the same story in the office of another paper. For the same reason authors can not make changes in their papers after they have been made available for examination by the press representatives. All the newspapers are entitled to the same treatment, and it would be obviously unfair to insert a correction, no matter how trivial, in a paper after the story had been sent out by one or more of the reporters present. The 622 abstracts and papers received in connection with the Philadelphia meeting were classified as follows: M, 51;1 A, 28; B, 71; C, 196; D, 236; X, 40. Through the courtesy of Radio Station WOO (Wanamaker's) and Station WIP (Gimbel Brothers) and the cordial cooperation of Science Service, represented by Mr. James Stokley, a series of five radio talks was arranged, one for each day from Monday to Friday inclusive. These radio talks were as follows: Monday evening, December 27th, Station WOO."What Science means to Humanity." Dr. Vernon Kellogg, secretary of the National Research Council, Washington, D. C. (read, in the absence of Dr. Kellogg, by Mr. James Stokley). Tuesday evening, December 28th, Station WIP."Artificial Lighting and Civilization." Dr. M. Luckiesh, director of the Nela Laboratories, Cleveland, Ohio. Wednesday evening, December 29th, Station WOO.Address by Dr. Michael Pupin, the retiring president of the American Association. Thursday evening, December 30th, Station WIP."Why Plants need Water." Dr. Burton E. Livingston, director of the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; permanent secretary of the association. Friday evening, December 31st, Station W00.Science News from the Association Meetings. Dr. Edwin E. Slosson, director of Science Service, Washington, D. C. THE GENERAL AND COMPLIMENTARY PROGRAMS AT PHILADELPHIA There were nine general sessions of the association at Philadelphia, and four evening lectures especially for the high-school students of the city. The presentation of non-technical lectures in connection with the annual meetings is being more strongly empha1Of these twenty were accompanied by complete papers. sized as an important part of the work of the association and plans are being made to improve this feature still further in future years. At the opening session, on Monday evening, December 27, the convention was opened by Dr. C. E. McClung, chairman of the local committee on arrangements, who, as he said, introduced the introducers. Dr. Josiah H. Penniman, provost of the University of Pennsylvania, graciously welcomed the association and associated societies to Philadelphia and Dr. Penniman's cordial remarks were responded to by the president of the association, Dr. L. H. Bailey, who expressed the great pleasure of American men and women of science in coming together again in Philadelphia. The main address of the session was that of the retiring president of the association, Dr. Michael I. Pupin, who spoke on "Fifty Years' Progress in Electrical Communications." This address has appeared in full in SCIENCE for December 31, 1926. At the close of the opening session the large audience went to the Franklin Field-Palestra, the new indoor stadium of the University of Pennsylvania, for the annual general reception, when music and refreshments were generously provided. The Field-Palestra was used for the first time on this occasion. Two general sessions were held on Tuesday afternoon. One was devoted to the Fourth Annual Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecture, of the American Mathematical Society, the lecturer being H. B. Williams. Dr. Williams spoke on "Mathematics and the Biological Sciences." The other general session was devoted to a program on "Research, especially in Colleges and Professional Schools," arranged by Maynard M. Metcalf, secretary of the sub-committee on research in educational institutions, of the committee of one hundred on research. Research as an attitude of mind, research in medical schools, research in jurisprudence and research in colleges were presented by John C. Merriam, Florence R. Sabin, Walton W. Cook, Maynard M. Metcalf and H. B. Goodrich. An outcome of this session was the subsequent adoption, by the association council, of a resolution inviting several other organizations to name representatives to meet with a representative of the American Association, to consider the encouragement of research in American colleges. (See Legislative and Executive Proceedings, as printed on page 87 in this issue of SCIENCE.) The Tuesday evening session was devoted to the Fifth Annual Sigma Xi Lecture, given by Mr. Herbert Hoover, on "The Nation and Science." This inspiring address appeared in SCIENCE for January 14. Two general sessions occurred on Wednesday afternoon. One was devoted to a program on "Hydrobiology," dealing with life in rivers and lakes especially. Papers were presented by Stephen A. Forbes, Chancey Juday, A. G. Huntsman and Albert Mann. It may be predicted that this branch of biology will be increasingly cultivated. The other general session of Wednesday afternoon was devoted to an illustrated, non-technical lecture on "The Unity of the Universe," by Heber D. Curtis. At the evening session on Wednesday was given an illustrated lecture on "Cambridge University," by George H. F. Nuttall, Quick professor of biology and director of the Molteno Institute for Research in Parasitology, in the University of Cambridge. A general session on Thursday afternoon was devoted to a program illustrating some of the relations of science to education, arranged by Otis W. Caldwell, chairman of the association's committee on the rôle of science in education. After an introductory statement by Edward A. Wildman, director of the division of science of the high schools of Philadelphia, the work of the committee on the rôle of science was briefly discussed by its chairman. Then followed papers on "The Vocation of the Scientist," by L. H. Bailey; "Biology and Better Beef," by Wilber A. Cochel; and "Recent Contributions of Chemistry to Human Nutrition," by Henry C. Sherman. An illustrated lecture on "The Geographic Conditions of Ancient Greek Culture" was given at the Thursday evening session, by J. L. Myres, general secretary of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and special representative of the British Association at the Philadelphia meeting. The four non-technical lectures specially planned for high-school students, for which some fifty thousand printed announcements had been previously distributed in the schools of Philadelphia, occurred on the evenings of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday of convocation week, in the auditorium of the newly opened Girls' Trade School. Details for these lectures were very efficiently arranged by G. E. Nitzsche, recorder of the University of Pennsylvania, and George Wheeler, assistant superintendent of the Philadelphia public schools, to both of whom the association is very grateful for this opportunity to bring the science meeting to the minds of the youth of Philadelphia. All the lectures were well attended and this experiment was remarkably successful. The lectures were as follows: On Monday evening an illustrated lecture, with elaborate experimental demonstrations, on "Radio Communication," was given by Raymond Morgan, of the University of Pennsylvania. On Tuesday evening Clyde Fisher, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, gave a lecture on "A Journey in Lapland," illustrated by original colored lantern slides and motion pictures. On Wednesday evening George A. Dorsey, of the New School of Social Research, New York City, gave a lecture on "Why We behave like Human Beings." On Thursday evening a lecture on "Wild Life in Wildest America," illustrated by motion pictures, was given by Norman McClintock, of the University of Pittsburgh. He dealt with the life of the Shiras Moose and other wild animals in the region of the headwaters of the Yellowstone, in Wyoming. THE SECRETARIES' DINNER AND CONFERENCE On Sunday evening, December 26, the secretaries of the association sections and of the organizations meeting with the association dined, at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, with the members of the executive com. mittee and joined in a conference after the dinner. This dinner of the executive committee and the secretaries has recently become established as an informal but very important feature of the annual meeting. It is complimentary on the part of the association. It offers a much needed opportunity for exchange of ideas among those who are most active in directing the affairs of the association. Twenty-eight were present and the discussions were animated and prolonged. GENERAL OFFICERS FOR THE PHILADELPHIA MEETING President L. H. Bailey, 103 Sage Place, Ithaca, N. Y. Retiring President M. I. Pupin, Columbia University, New York City. Vice-presidents, Retiring Vice-presidents and Secretaries of the Sections Section A (Mathematics): Vice-president, Edward V. Huntington, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Betiring Vice-president, W. H. Roever, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Secretary, R. C. Archibald, Brown University, Providence, R. I. Section B (Physics): Vice-president, William Duane, Bio-Physical Laboratories, Harvard University, Boston, Mass. Retiring Vice-president, H. M. Randall, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Secretary, A. L. Hughes, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Section C (Chemistry): Vice-president, Lauder W. Jones, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. Retiring Vice-president, H. B. Cady, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. 1 Vice-presidents are elected for a term of one year, from the close of one annual meeting to the close of the next following one. Secretary, Gerhard Dietrichson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Section D (Astronomy): Vice-president, Robert G. Aitken, Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton, Calif. Retiring Vice-president, A. E. Douglass, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. Secretary, Philip Fox, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. Section E (Geology and Geography): Vice-president, G. H. Ashley, State Capitol, Harrisburg, Pa. Retiring Vice-president, R. A. Daly, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Secretary, G. R. Mansfield, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Section F (Zoological Sciences): Vice-president, Winterton C. Curtis, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. Retiring Vice-president, H. S. Jennings, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Secretary, Geo. T. Hargitt, Syracuse University, Syra Vice-president, Margaret Floy Washburn, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Retiring Vice-president, C. E. Seashore, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Secretary, Frank N. Freeman, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Section K (Social and Economic Sciences): Vice-president, Joseph H. Willits, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Retiring Vice-president, F. R. Fairchild, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Secretary, Frederick L. Hoffman, Babson Institute, Section L (Historical and Philological Sciences):2 2 Section L has not yet been wholly organized. The recently affiliated History of Science Society represents a part of the history portion of this section. The recently organized and affiliated Linguistic Society of America was asked to take charge of programs on linguistics, but no program in this field was presented this year, since that society met elsewhere. Retiring Vice-president, W. A. Oldfather, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. Secretary, Frederick E. Brasch, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Section M (Engineering): Vice-president, C. R. Richards, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Retiring Vice-president, C. R. Richards, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Secretary, N. H. Heck, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur vey, Washington, D. C. Section N (Medical Sciences): Vice-president, Rufus I. Cole, Rockefeller Hospital, New York City. Retiring Vice-president, A. J. Carlson, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Secretary, A. J. Goldforb, College of the City of New York, New York City. Section O (Agriculture): Vice-president, C. F. Marbut, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Retiring Vice-president, C. V. Piper, deceased. Secretary, P. E. Brown, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Section Q (Education): Vice-president, Melvin E. Haggerty, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Retiring Vice-president, Otis W. Caldwell, Columbia University, New York City. Secretary, A. S. Barr, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Permanent Secretary3 Burton E. Livingston, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. (Association mail address: Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D. C.) General Secretary3 W. J. Humphreys, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. Treasurers John L. Wirt, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. Secretary of the Council and Program Editor Sam F. Trelease, Columbia University, New York City. Executive Assistant Sam Woodley, Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D. C. Auditor R. B. Sosman, Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, D. C. News Manager Austin H. Clark, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 3 The permanent secretary, the general secretary and the treasurer are each elected for a term of four years; their terms of office expire at the end of the fifth New York meeting. Manager of Exhibition H. S. Kimberly, Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D. C. Members of the Executive Committee of the Council for the Calendar Year 19264 See the Council Roll and the Roll of the Executive Committee given below. THE COUNCIL ROLL AT PHILADELPHIA The affairs of the association are entirely in the charge of the council, which consists of the president, the fifteen vice-presidents, the treasurer, the general secretary, the permanent secretary, the fifteen section secretaries, the council representatives of the affiliated societies and state academies, the eight selected council members and those members of the executive committee who are not otherwise members of the council. Past presidents of the association and the presidents of the divisions and local branches are officially invited to attend council sessions. Each affiliated organization is asked each year, about March 1, to name its council representative or representatives for the year and for the next annual meeting. Each representative holds office till his successor is named and each is ex officio a member of the section committee to which his scientific work is most closely related. It is desirable that affiliated organizations should name as their council representatives persons who are likely to attend the annual meeting and who will be able to take part in the proceedings of the council. The complete roll of the council for the eighty-third meeting is shown below, arranged alphabetically. Each member's name is followed by an italic phrase, showing his status in the council. The record of attendance at the five Philadelphia sessions is shown by numerals that precede the members' names, these numbers representing, respectively, the sessions on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, December 27 to December 31. Thus, the numerals 2 and 3 before a name indicate that the member whose name is so marked was present at the Tuesday and Wednesday sessions but was absent from the other sessions. Each member's record of attendance was submitted to him by mail before this list was prepared, with the request that needed corrections be made, but it is possible that a few errors may still require correction. In such cases the permanent secretary's office should be promptly informed, so that the official record of attendance at the Philadelphia council sessions may be entirely correct. A few substitutes were named for members who could not come 4 The number in parentheses denotes the calendar year at the end of which the member's term of office expires. to Philadelphia, and these are named and so indicated in the list. The council holds sessions only at the annual meetings of the association and attendance at these sessions should be as full as possible. The published records of attendance at council sessions furnish a means by which members of the association and of the affiliated organizations may be informed as to which council members are most regular in attendance and which ones name substitutes when they are themselves unable to attend. It should be noted that the first council session, on the afternoon preceding the opening session of the annual meeting, is generally the most important, but weighty matters are considered at the later session as well. Archibald, R. C., Secretary of Section A. Ball, C. R., Rep. Honor Soc. Phi Kappa Phi. 3 Barr, A. S., Secretary of Section Q. 4 1, 2, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1,4 Battle, H. B., Rep. Amer. Oil Chemists' Soc. Bean, R. Bennett, Vice-President for Section H and Rep. Virginia Acad. Science. Bergey, David H., Rep. Soc. Amer. Bacteri ologists. Berkey, Charles P., Rep. Geol. Soc. Amer. (Fred. E. Wright, substitute for the Philadelphia meeting.) Boggs, G. H., Rep. Georgia Acad. Science. Boring, Edwin G., Rep. Amer. Psychol. Assoc. Bowie, William, Rep. Amer. Soc. Civil Engi neers. Bowman, Isaiah, Rep. Amer. Geographical Soc. Brasch, Frederick E., Secretary of Section L. Breed, Robert S., Rep. Soc. Amer. Bacteri ologists. 1,3,4 Calvert, P. P., Rep. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Campbell, W. W., Past President (1915). Case, E. C., Rep. Michigan Acad. Science. 1, 2, 4, 5 Cattell, J. McKeen, Exec. Comm. Member and Past President (1924). 1,3,4 1, 2, 3 2 Chamberlin, T. C., Past President (1908). Clinton, G. P., Rep. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. 3 Courtis, Stuart L., Rep. National Soc. Study of Education. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4 1,3 Crittenden, E. C., Rep. Illuminating Engi- Crocker, William, Rep. Bot. Soc. Amer. Curtis, Winterton C., Vice-President for Sec- Dains, F. B., Rep. History Science Soc. (H. P. Cady, substitute for Philadelphia meeting.) 1,3,4 Dean, George A., Rep. Amer. Assoc. Econ. Entomol. 1, 2, 3, 4 4 3,4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 4, 5 Dellinger, J. H., Rep. Inst. Radio Engineers. Duane, William, Vice-President for Section B. Duggar, B. M., Vice-President for Section G Eiesland, John A., Rep. West Virginia Acad. Ellery, Edward, Rep. Sigma Xi. Estabrook, Arthur H., Rep. Eugenics Res. Fairchild, H. L., Elected Member and Exec. 1, 2, 3, 4 Fenneman, Nevin M., Rep. Assoc. Amer. 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 4 Geographers. Flagg, A. L., President of the Southwestern Division. Flexner, Simon, Past President (1919). Focke, T. M., Rep. Math. Assoc. Amer. Freeman, Frank N., Secretary of Section I. Gerould, John H., Rep. New Hampshire neers. Britton, W. E., Rep. Amer. Assoc. Econ. Gibson, Arthur, Rep. Canadian Soc. Tech. Agriculturists. Cairns, W. D., Rep. Math. Assoc. Amer. 1,2 (C. H. Yeaton, substitute for the Philadelphia meeting.) 3, 4 Goldforb, A. J., Secretary of Section N. Haggerty, Melvin E., Vice-President for Section Q. Hall, M. C., Rep. Amer. Soc. Parasitologists. (E. E. Tyzzer, substitute for the Philadelphia meeting.) Hallowell, A. I., Rep. Amer. Anthropol. Assoc. Cajori, Florian, Rep. History Science Soc. 1,2,4,5 Caldwell, Otis W., Rep. National Education Assoc. Calver, Homer N., Rep. Amer. Public Health Assoc. |