TABLE I Showing acclimatization to alcohols. The animals designated "treated" were either kept in a weak solution of methyl or of ethyl alcohol for a number of days, or were exposed to an 8 per cent solution of ethyl alcohol for 5 minutes each day for several days. The results shown in the table were obtained by exposing for 20 minutes equal numbers of treated and control tadpoles to 11 1/9 per cent. methyl or 8 per cent. ethyl, depending on the alcohol to which the treated animals had been exposed, after which all were transferred to water and the number that recovered noted. mals did become acclimated. The treated protozoa generally lived considerably longer than the controls. Yet of the two strains of Stentor employed, one, while given exactly the same treatment as the other, showed little or no indication of acclimatization and led the author to remark (p. 611), "the fact that in these experiments some strains show little or no capacity for becoming acclimatized to alcohol although tried for long periods of time and with refined methods makes is questionable whether acclimatization takes place so readily and to so high a degree as is commonly supposed." Bills,2 using Paramoecium and adopting a method similar to that of Daniel, maintains that he not only obtained no indication of acclimatization, but that the treated animals were even less resistant to alcohol than those that were untreated. An attempt to find out whether Bufo tadpoles will become acclimated to ethyl and methyl alcohols led to the experiments presented below. The tadpoles were put in solutions of one per cent. and three fourths per cent. ethyl alcohol, and one per cent., one half per cent. and one fourth per cent. methyl alcohol for periods varying from three days to about three weeks. In addition a number were treated for five minutes each day for several days with an eight per cent. solution of ethyl alcohol, which brought about complete narcotization, and were then returned to water and allowed to recover. Finally all were tested for acclimatization by placing them along with controls into 11 1/9 per cent. methyl or 8 per cent. ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, after which they were transferred to water and the number that recovered ascertained. The results, greatly abbreviated, are given in the accompanying table. Examination of the table will show that 107 animals were subjected to weak methyl alcohol and later placed 2 Bills, C. E., "Some Effects of the Lower Alcohols on Paramoecium." Biol. Bull., vol. 47, pp. 253-264. 1924. a Daniel, J. F., "Adaptation and Immunity of the Lower Organisms to Ethyl Alcohol." Jour. Exp. Zool., vol. 6, pp. 571-611. 1909. for 20 minutes in a 11 1/9 per cent. solution of the same alcohol along with an equal number of controls, and that 43 of the treated animals recovered when they were transferred to water, while only 11 of the controls recovered. The table also shows that out of 207 tadpoles treated with ethyl alcohol, 102 recovered after having been subjected to an 8 per cent. solution of the alcohol for 20 minutes, and that only 44 out of a like number of controls recovered. These results seem to point unmistakably to an acclimatization. Owing to the small number of animals used one can scarcely draw any conclusions as to the relative effects of the various solutions, and for this reason a detailed account of the experiments has not been given. The exact time required for acclimatization and the effect of one alcohol upon the ability of the tadpole to withstand another are also problems deserving of solution, but which the data at hand are too meager to solve. A more comprehensive set of experiments is contemplated, designed to throw light on these questions. HARRY THOMAS FOLGER UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE THE SECOND NASHVILLE MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION AND ASSOCIATED SOCIETIES PREPARATIONS for the second Nashville meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and associated societies, which will occur from December 26 to 31, are very well begun. Adequate lodging accommodations will be available, partly in hotels and partly in the Ward-Belmont and Peabody dormitories. The general headquarters will be the Andrew Jackson Hotel, in which will be the registration and news offices and the science exhibition. Headquarters for the societies that are to meet with the association will be announced later. Scientific sessions will be held mainly in the buildings of Van derbilt University and of the Peabody College for Teachers. Announcement may now be made of the local committees that are in charge of preliminary arrangements, which are constituted as follows: General Chairman of Nashville Committees W. S. Leathers, M.D., professor of preventive medicine and public health, Vanderbilt Medical School. Committee on Arrangements John W. Barton, chairman; vice-president of WardBelmont College. H. A. Webb, secretary; professor of chemistry, George Peabody College. L. C. Glenn, professor of geology, Vanderbilt University. G. Canby Robinson, dean and professor of medicine, Vanderbilt Medical School. J. T. McGill, professor emeritus of organic chemistry, Vanderbilt University. A. E. Parkins, professor of geography, George Peabody College. W. N. Porter, convention secretary of the Nashville Chamber of Commerce. J. M. Breckenridge, professor of chemistry, Vanderbilt University. G. R. Mayfield, associate professor of German, Vanderbilt University. A. F. Ganier, assistant engineer, L. & N. Railroad. A. J. Didcoct, business manager, George Peabody College. H. H. Shoulders, president of the Nashville Academy of Medicine. E. L. Bishop, State Health Commissioner of Tennessee. A. W. Wright, assistant professor of pathology, Vanderbilt Medical School. H. C. Weber, superintendent of the Nashville Public Schools. Committee on Finance John W. Barton, Chairman Henry E. Colton Charles M. McCabe Committee on Meeting Places A. E. Parkins, Chairman F. J. Lewis R. E. Baber W. H. Hollinshead W. D. Strayhorn Committee on Hotels and Housing W. N. Porter, Chairman Lee J. Loventhal S. C. Garrison Committee on Exhibition J. M. Breckenridge, Chairman F. B. Dressler E. W. Goodpasture Committee on Local Transportation A. F. Ganier, Chairman J. P. W. Brown W. F. Pond Committee on Publicity and Non-technical Lectures G. R. Mayfield, Chairman H. A. Webb T. J. Norner T. H. Alexander J. S. Stahlman, Jr. Committee on Entertainment A. W. Wright, Chairman C. P. Connell Mrs. A. B. Benedict Each section of the association has, as usual, a local representative to look after the needs of the organizations that are related to the section. A list of the names of the local representatives is given below. Representatives for Sections Section A (Mathematics), C. M. Sarratt. Section K (Social and Economic Sciences), C. B. Duncan. Section L (Historical and Philological Sciences), H. C. Sanborn. Section M (Engineering), W. H. Schuerman. For organizations not related to any particular section, C. P. Connell. Correspondence about local arrangements for the societies that are to take part in the Nashville meeting should be addressed to Dr. W. S. Leathers, general chairman of local committees, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. BURTON E. LIVINGSTON, Permanent Secretary NEW SERIES SCIENCE VOL. LXVI, No. 1697 Allen's Commercial 5th Edition Entirely Reset Volume V Now Ready It is a Complete Treatise On Organic Chemicals and Their Products as used in Commerce, Arts, Manufactures, Medicine, etc., Giving Physical and Chemical ProperLies; Modern Methods of Analysis; Proximate Analytical Examination; Practical, Concise Methods for Detection and Estimation of Impurities, Adulterations and Products of Decomposition. Each Volume, Cloth, $7.50 Contents Vol. 1: Introduction. By W. A. Davis, B.Sc., A.C.G.I. (Eng.); Alcohols. By L. M. Burghart, M.A. (Baltimore); Malt and Malt Liquors. By Julian L. Baker, F.I.C. (Eng.); Wines and Potable Spirits. By Lewis Eynon, B.Sc., F.I.C. (Eng.); Yeast. By Emil Schlicting, Ph.D. (New York); Neutral Alcohol Derivatives. By Henry Leffmann, M.D., Ph.D. (Phila.); Sugars. By Lewis Eynon, B.Sc., F.I.C. (Eng.); Starch and Its Isomerides. By T. H. Pope, B.Sc., F.I.C. (Eng.); Paper and Pulp Testing. By E. Sutermeister, S.B. (Westbrook, Me.); Aliphatic Acids. By Hugo Schlatter, M.S. (Wilmington); 105 Illustrations. Contents Vol. II: Fixed Oils, Fats and Waxes. By C. Ainsworth Mitchell, M.A., F.I.C. (Eng.); Special Characters and Modes of Examining Fats, Oils and Waxes. By C. Ainsworth Mitchell, M.A., F.I.C. (Eng.); Butter Fat. By Cecil Revis and E. R. Bolton (Eng.); Lard. By George A. Reitz, B.Sc., Ph.C. (Phila.); Linseed Oil. By Glenn H. Pickard (Minneapolis); Higher Fatty Acids. Revised by H. E. Cox, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C. (Newport); Soaps. By Elbert C. Lathrop, A.B., Ph.D. (Phila.); Glycerin. By J. W. Lawrie, Ph.D. (Wilmington); Wool-fat, Wool-grease, Suint, Degras. By Augustus H. Gill, Ph.D., Sc.D. (Boston); Sterol Alcohols. By John Addyman Gardner, M.A., F.I.C. (Eng.); 24 Illustrations. Contents Vol. III: Hydrocarbons. By H. E. Cox, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C. (Newport); Bitumens. By Samuel P. Contents Vol. IV: Essential Oils, Special Characters. By E. K. Nelson and G. A. Russell (Washington, Contents Vol. V: Tannins. By M. Nierenstein, D.Sc. (Eng.); Writing, Stamping, Typing and Marking Inks. By C. Ainsworth Mitchell, M.A.,_F.I.C. (Eng.); Printing Inks. By John B. Tuttle, B.Sc. (New York City); Amines and Ammonium Bases. By H. E. Cox, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C. (Eng.); Analysis of Leather. By A. E. Caunce, M.Sc., F.I.C. (Eng.); Colouring Matters of Natural Origin. By Prof. W. M. Gardner, M.Sc., F.I.C. (Eng.); Colouring Substances in Foods. By Walter E. Mathewson (Kans.); Benzene and Its Homologues. By J. Bennett Hill, Ph.D. (Phila.); Aniline and Its Allies. By A. B. Davis (Cincinnati); Naphthylamines, Pridine, Quinoline and Actridine Bases. By A. B. Davis (Cincinnati). P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO. PUBLISHERS 1012 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA The University of CALIFORNIA PRESS The student with an elementary knowledge of symbolic logic will find in C. I. LEWIS'S Survey of Symbolic Logic with an Emendation a work which will familiarize him with more than the single system which he knows and will indicate not only content of other branches and alternative methods of procedure, but also the relation of these to the Boole-Schroder Algebra and to one another. 415 pages, clothbound, $3.25 postpaid University of California Press Berkeley, California THE MONIST A Quarterly Magazine The Finalism of Psychical Processes. Eugenio Rignano Contemporary Philosophic Tendencies in South America ... Coriolano Alberini The Metaphysics of the Instrument. (I). Sidney Hook Alexander's Metaphysic of Space-Time. (I). Arthur E. Murphy Is Politics a Branch of Ethics?. G. E. G. Catlin The Psychological Basis of Autosuggestion. A. K. Sharma A Theory of the Unconscious.. Olaf Stapledon Reports and News: $3.00 yearly; single issues 85 cents. Send for complete catalog The Open Court Publishing Co. 337 East Chicago Avenue, Wieboldt Hall CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Library of Scientific Works for Sale The family of the late Professor Wilhelm Leche desire to dispose of his library of scientific works and separates to some suitable institution. Doctor Leche's researches upon the comparative anatomy and taxonomy of the mammalia, especially upon Insectivora and related groups, are well known to all students in the field. The separate, covering the period from 1880 to 1926, comprises about 4,100 octavo and 470 quarto papers; there are in addition three book cases filled with zoological and biological works. The value of such a splendid library as this to everyone working in a similar or related field, and the importance of keeping it together intact, are quite obvious. Those who are interested, especially on the part of institutions in research, are referred to Prof. Dr. O. Kinberg, Elfsjo, Sweden, for further information. Pat. applied for. UNVARYING ACCURACY WITH LAMOTTE STANDARDS Scientists, teachers and research workers find the LaMotte Roulette Comparator the ideal equipment for making hydrogen ion tests because of its simplicity, convenience and accuracy. LaMotte Color Standards insure absolute accuracy at all times. They are standard equipment in many important laboratories. SCIENCE VOL. LXVI JULY 8, 1927 No. 1697 CONTENTS PRESENTATION OF THE KOBER MEDAL TO DR. WILLIAM H. WELCH1 REMARKS OF GEORGE M. KOBER Mr. President and Colleagues: DR. WARTHIN doubtless with great self-denial, which I deeply appreciate, has assigned to me the most pleasing function in my life, to pay tribute on behalf of this association to William Henry Welch, the father of scientific medicine in America, and the most respected and beloved member of the medical profession. No words of mine can add luster to the laurel wreaths which have been bestowed upon him both at home and abroad, and worn with his innate modesty and dignity for so many years. It may, however, be a source of inspiration to the younger generation of this association to recount briefly the achievements of a man to whom this country and the world is so greatly indebted.2 Dr. Welch was graduated in 1875 at a time when the outlook for the future of scientific medicine seemed brighter than ever before. Pathology under the leadership of Virchow and his pupils had made tremendous strides, and with the birth of bacteriology there was also a ray of hope for the prevention of human suffering and distress. Welch, with his high ideals and noble aspirations, and conscious of the defects in our medical educational system, was determined to prepare himself well for the practice of one of the most difficult and responsible of all professions. In order to lay the foundations in modern pathology, he journeyed to Strassburg in the spring of 1876, where he pursued studies in normal histology under Waldeyer, physiological chemistry with Hoppe-Seyler and post-mortem demonstrations by von Recklinghausen. Later he went to Leipzig for further work in histology and physiology with Ludwig and Kronecker. Among foreign students were Pawlow and Drechsel and Flechsig. Welch, in addition to his regular courses, was set by Ludwig to study the ganglia and nerves of the auricular septum of the frog's heart with the gold chloride impregnation method, in the course of which he actually brought into view the 1 By the Association of American Physicians for Research in Scientific Medicine. 2 See Simon Flexner's exhaustive Introduction to the Contributions and Addresses of Professor Welch published on his seventieth anniversary, 1920. |