'the truth, it was the only subject of which I could think, on 'which we were likely to be agreed.' Every one will remember the idea which, as Pugin tells us, he had at first formed of those middle ages: holy priests, holy monks, happy people, holy everybody." It is, therefore, not without its value to see what sort of things were sermons addressed to the Clergy at a time when the discipline of the English Church was such as the famous ballad of the Abbat of Gloucester shows it to have been: 'Hoc est meum consulatis, 'Absit, dicit alter clerus, 'Esset enim hoc riotus, Quod pro stultus horum potus Pudor et scandalia.' Thus it is that Peter of Blois speaks to the Clergy of that era : 'O, how dreadful, how dangerous a thing, my brethren, is the administration of your office! Ye are held to answer, not only for yourselves, but for the souls of those that are committed to you in the day of tremendous judgment; and how shall he keep another man's conscience who cannot keep his own? For conscience is an inscrutable abyss, a most obscure night; and yet it is this night in which that miserable priest is concerned, and about which he is occupied. "Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?" What will that priest do who feels himself loaded with sins, involved in cares, infected with the vileness of carnal desires, blind, bowed down, infirm, pressed with a thousand difficulties, struggling against a thousand necessities, troubled with a thousand doubts, propense to vice, weak to virtue? What will he do, the son of grief, the son of eternal despair, who neither kindles in himself nor in others the fire of charity? Surely, he is prepared to be the food for the consumption of fire.' Many are the thrilling passages which those old writers have when they are addressing their brother clergy; and many a lesson is to be learnt from such discourses, both curious historically, and interesting practically. He would surely not be misspending his time, who would give an edition of some of the discourses ad Clerum of English divines, from Lanfranc to Warham, tracing the gradual corruption of discipline, the gradual rise of heresy, the fuller and fuller development of worldliness, the signs of the gathering storm, as early as the of Henry V., the disregard shown of its warnings, and the final crash. age Many and many a curious complaint, singularly like some of those of the present day, would thus be brought to light; many and many such a passage as the following in Peter of Blois, which reads like a mediævalised extract from the weekly newspapers of the present day, whose editors and contributors only seem to go to church for the express purpose of finding fault with the services and sermons of their friends, by way of conciliating their enemies. There are some,' says the Archdeacon, who when they have begun a verse, think the time endless till they can get to 'its close; and so run the words one into another in their hurry, that in the honeycomb of the law remains neither wax nor 'honey. They gulp down a whole verse in one breath, and so 'gallop through the Lord's song, that they cut it down to half its length by clipping its words; their lips are in the chant, but their hearts in the platter.' And so in another place he says, "Let all those that seek Thee be joyful and glad in Thee;" but those are not glad in God who make such inordinate clippings and slurrings, nor are clippings of this kind 'acceptable to the Lord.' We have thus noted a few of the most striking characteristics of medieval sermons. Would that we could induce any of our brethren to try for themselves whether, by a little study of the writers whom Andrewes, and Donne, and Cosin, had in their hearts and in their memories, their own discourses would not be improved; whether that which is now so often a grievous task, the making or repatching of the Saturday's sermons, would not become a profit and a pleasure, if they would but be at the trouble of first reading over what such authors as Rupert of Deutz, or Hugh of S. Victor, or Rhabanus Maurus, or, far greater than all, S. Bernard, have said on the same text! It is useless to recommend, for general use, so large and expensive a work as the Bibliotheca Patrum Concionatoria of Caubefis. But he that should have mastered that, would be stocked with the knowledge, and he that could be imbued with the spirit of the Rhetorica Sacra of Luiz de Granada, the masterwork on the subject, would be kindled into the spirit, of well-nigh a perfect preacher. 45 ART. II.-1. Analysis of the Evidence given before a Select Committee of the House of Lords, and a Select Committee of the House of Commons, appointed during the Session 1852, to inquire into the Operation of the Act 3 and 4 Will. IV. cap. 85. for the better Government of Her Majesty's Indian Territories. London: 1853. [Printed for the East India Company.] 2. Second Report from the Select Committee of the House of Lords. [Brought from the Lords and ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, June 16, 1853. No. 627. I.] 3. Sixth Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons. [Ordered to be Printed, Aug. 8, 1853. No. 897.] 4. An Act to Provide for the Government of India, (August 20, 1853,) 16 & 17 Vict. cap. 95. ON no former occasion have the political privileges of the East India Company been renewed with so little discussion on the state and prospects of the Church within the extensive territories entrusted to their administration, as during the progress of the East India Bill. Select Committees were appointed by both Houses of Parliament in 1852, to inquire into the whole operation of the Act of 1833, which, among other ecclesiastical provisions, enacted the erection of episcopal Sees at Madras and Bombay. The inquiry was divided under eight heads, the seventh of which was entitled Ecclesiastical Provision for the Diffusion of Christian Spiritual Instruction :' but the close of the session found neither Committee advanced beyond the first division: and the Bill for prolonging the Company's government was introduced in 1853. As this measure related exclusively to the single division of the inquiry which had been sufficiently investigated, described as The Authorities and Agencies for administering the Government of India at Home and in India respectively,' it seems to have been intended that other Bills should follow on the remaining branches, when ripe for legislation. On former occasions the Company's administration was renewed for a specific term of years, and at each renewal Parliament annexed its conditions to the lease, remaining content with its bargain till the expiry of the period. This was a clumsy kind of legislation, but, like the system of ecclesiastical leases, not without some advantages at a time when corruption and the spirit of party ran so high in the legislature, that a distant province could only be kept safe by removing it 6 beyond the reach of mischievous interference. In the present Act no term of years is fixed, and Parliament is understood to have reserved the power of introducing at any time such amendments and additions as appear to be necessary. The Committees proceeding at the same time with the other seven branches of the inquiry, suggested of course the expectation of further legislation at least upon these important subjects. This mode of proceeding, in itself perhaps more dignified than the other, was no doubt highly convenient both to the Queen's Government and the Court of Directors. It saved a world of trouble and discussion, while securing the point of chief importance to the administration. The authorities of Canon-row and Leadenhall-street, preserving a decent appearance of their traditional antagonism, yet softened towards each other so far that the Board of Control raised the nominal stipends of the Directors to the respectable salaries of 1,000l. and 500l. per annum, while Sir James Hogg, the Company's parliamentary Coryphæus, reciprocated the compliment by proposing and carrying the sum of 5,000l. for the President of the Board of Control. The House and the public meanwhile looked on quietly, not to say apathetically, and the first Act for the Government of India is now in operation. We hear nothing, however, of the second or the third, and our doubt is, how far, after the Home and Indian Governments have got rid of the pressure on themselves, they will be inclined to bestow their attention on questions which have lost the opportunity of compelling a settlement. With some anxiety on this point, we propose in the present article to discuss that branch of the inquiry which naturally possesses the chief interest for our readers. The condition of the English Church in India is completely sui generis. Nothing exactly like it exists either at home or in any of our Colonial Dioceses, and we shall endeavour in the first place to establish a true notion of the systems in actual operation. There are in India three distinct organizations comprised under the name of the Church of England. 1. The Government Ecclesiastical Establishments; 2. The Missions of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; and, 3. Those of the Church Missionary Society. Each exhibits some features of the Church, and doubtless embodies a genuine ecclesiastical idea. having grown up by accident more than from design, neither fully realizes its own mission, while the combination which constitutes a flourishing Church is altogether wanting. But The Government Ecclesiastical Establishment is stated in a return delivered to the House of Commons (Sixth Report, Appx. No. 6) to consist of three bishops, three archdeacons, (who are also chaplains), and 122 chaplains and assistantchaplains, who (with the exception of one in each Presidency, selected by the Bishop for his domestic chaplain) officiate at the different civil and military stations. The archdeacons are appointed by the bishops, receiving an additional allowance of 300l. a-year, but retaining the duties as well as the emoluments of their respective chaplaincies. The bishoprics are in the patronage of the President of the Board of Control, and the assistant chaplaincies in that of the Directors, the 'assistants' rising to be 'chaplains' by seniority. The salaries are nearly as follows: Bishop of Calcutta (Metropolitan) per annum £5,000 Madras Senior Presidency Chaplain Junior وو Chaplains (in Bengal) 960 840 600 in Madras and Bombay Assistant-Chaplains Additional allowances on a liberal scale are made to the bishops to cover the expenses of their Visitations, and also to the chaplains when travelling on duty. Retiring pensions are provided, for the Bishop of Calcutta after ten years' service in India, and for the Bishops of Madras and Bombay after fifteen; previous service as archdeacon being reckoned in the period. The chaplains also enjoy retiring pensions after fifteen years' Indian service, with proportionate allowances while on furlough or sick leave, and half-pay if compelled by a failure of health to retire before the period of pension. The origin of this Establishment is coeval with the Company itself; the following being extracted from the Charter of Incorporation, dated 22d July, 1702. 'And Her Majesty's further will and pleasure is, and she doth hereby direct and appoint, that the said English Company and their successors according to the provision made in that behalf in their said Charter of 5th September, in the tenth year of his said late Majesty's reign, shall constantly maintain... one Protestant minister in every garrison and superior factory which the same Company or their successors shall have in the East Indies, or other parts within the limits aforesaid; and shall also in such garrisons and factories respectively provide, or set apart, a decent and convenient place for Divine Service only; . . . and, moreover, that no such minister shall be sent by the same Company to the said East Indies, or other the parts within the limits aforesaid, until he shall have been first approved of by the Archbishop of Canterbury or Bishop of London for the time being; and Her Majesty doth hereby further will and appoint that all such ministers as shall be sent as aforesaid to reside in India, or other the |