CHAPTER VII. OF THE DERIVATION AND COMPOSITION OF WORDS. THIS HIS part of, our labours, it has been my study to arrange, in the most perfpicuous, methodical, comprehenfive and concife manner I can, being fully aware of it's utility, and advantage to the scholar, who may be defirous of making much real progrefs in the Hindoostanee; which, however, will hardly be the cafe, until he be well verfed in the reduction of derivitive and complex words to their primitives, as alfo in the deduction even of these, from their original fources, together with their general application in the prefent complicated tongue, fo far at least, as this may appear from the following fheets to be useful and neceffary in practise. I fhall here confider the subject, not in the common order of Nouns, Adjectives, &c. but rather according to the pofition and nature of the component particles, as Adjunctive, Propofitive, Intermediate, or Inflective : And to thefe, by adding the Arabic Inflections, we fhall perhaps include the most of each as properly belong to this Chapter; which will moreover be clofed with a few practical remarks, few practical remarks, on any that do not fall under the above arrangement, and on the compound epithets more ftrictly fo called, with which this, in common with the other oriental languages, abounds. I need hardly repeat in this place, that a knowledge of the convertibility, and tranfpofition of letters, is abfolutely requifite, before the reader can reap great benefit from the contents of this Chapter; he will therefore do well to re-perufe the Synopfis oppofite page 8, with great attention, particularly the convertible letters exhibited therein, ་ THE REMARKS, Dofte-e, friendship; khoob-ee, goodness; toorfh-ee, acid-ity; buhadoor-ee, brave-ry; Thus from concretes, &c. are produced their khoda-ee, god-head; murd-ee, man-hood; azad- abstracts; dana-ee, fapient, fapience; deewanee, free-dom; gurm-ee, warmth; khawind-ee, ee, a minifter's office, &c. beemar-ee, sickness: patron-age; bura-ee, grand-eur; bihtur-ee, We fometimes find gee, or tee, for ee, here; good, the adj. and noun; roufhun-ee, light, the whence, mihrban-gee, for mihrban-ee, kindness; adj. and noun; seah-ee, black-ness; (whence alfo lachar-gee, for lachar-ee, helplessness; kum-tee, ink); mit,ha-ee, fweet-meat; b,hula-ee, welfare; for kum-ee, decrease; zee,adu-tee, increase; furd-ee, cold, adj. and subs. Wuzn-ee, b,har-ee, and azadu-gee, for azad-ee, though this last weight-y; bulghum-ee, phlegm-atick; zuhr-ee, will be accounted for below, as coming from poifon-ous; ufl-ee, origin-al; d,hob-ee, a wash- azadu: Ee, is a very useful affix in compound er; rah-ee, a way farer; be,opar-ee, a trader; words; be-subr-ee, impatience; naqŏŏwut-ee, fouda-ee, infane; dand-ee, a row-er; hurbab- weakness; be-khubr-ee, carelessness; and on ee, a factotum; puhař-ee, a hill-ock; dal-ee, a the other hand, with substantives is much used branch, and ďal, a bough; nud-ee, a rivulet; in forming their concretes, agents, &c. azarnud, a river; but words like these may occa- ee, diseased; khoon-ee, a murderer; dookan-ee, fionally have another meaning, as pahař-ee, a fhop-keeper; whence the many gentile, patrimeans also a highland-er; and some may rather al, possessive, and proper nouns in ee; Hind-ee, belong to the inflectives, as dala, is also a Hindooftan-ee, Indian; Ghazeepoor-ee, Cheenbough; w, at times precedes the ee, dŏŏnee,a- ee, Wila,ut-ee, of or belonging to Ghazeepoor, wee, world-ly; fouda-wee, hypochondriacal; China, any foreign country; Mŏŏhumfufra-wee, bilious; dumu-wee, plethorick, and mud-ee, Mahometan; Hindoo-ee, or Hinin this way Eefa-wee, Chriftian. duwee, of or belonging to the Hindoos; as also fipah-ee, a foldier; lufhkur-ee, bazar-ee; and innumerable other words of this kind; occafionally fubject, however, to fuch flight changes as are obfervable in admee, homo, from Adum; chand-nee, moon-light; adj. and subs. from chand, the moon, from which chand-ee, filver, is regularly formed, by ee. Udhik-ace, over-plus; fewuk-aee, fervice; When the component vocable alfo ends in a, furf-ace, fuperior-ity; chitŏŏr-aee, clever-ness; one of these letters is loft in the other, and con foh-age, weed-ing; rung-age, colour-ing; lux- fequently this brings thefe words under the aee, engage-ment; kut-aee, cut-ting; bo-ace, clafs above. They are in general verbal nouns, fow-ing; dho-lace, wash-ing; dho-laee, car- like thofe in a, below; but often imply seariage; fil-aee, few-ing; purh-aee, read-ing; fon, price, &c. as well as the action of the verb. fik,h-aee, teach-ing; fich-aee, water-ing; Though aes, be rather a Hinduwee than Perch,hup-ace, print-ing; roufhna,ee, light; (also fian particle, it is nevertheless added to words the auspicious name for ink;) toorsh-a,ee, four- from the latter language, as may be seen in the nefs; gurm-ace, heat; furd-ace, cold-nefs; examples... tur-aee, moift-ure. Rindugee, roguery; murdanugee, manliness; The u, is frequently dropped in murdangee,. deewanugee, madness; khufugee, difpleafure; deewangee, khufgee, &c. Gee, is a Perfian ad gels bundugee, service; zindu-gee, living, life; be- junct to participles, &c. in u, and moreover charugee, helplessness; never becharee, this be- forms, khan-gee, domestick; ban-gee, a sample; ing W w pesh 170 gee, pun, puna, pa, bu, abuť, wut, REMARKS. ing the fem. of becharu, as stated in page 82, I. THE ADJUNCTIVES. -form with their component vocables the following derivatives: anu, eenu, ana, der, as also ek bargee, all at once; from ek bar, once. The learner will please to recollect that the g here, is the g in gear, never the j in jeer, and will accordingly read deewangee, madness; not deewanjee, mafter factor, steward, &c. Mota-pun, or pa, fatness; bŏŏřha-pa, pun, Sometimes apa, apun, uhmuq-apun, or apa, old age; bewapuna, widowhood; kumeen-pun- folly: These are properly Hinduwee affixes; puna, meanness; deewan-puna-pun, madness; but, as the text shows, by no means incompatible with Arabic and Perfian words; they ankooň ar-pun-puna-pu, bachelor/bip. fwer to our hood, ship, &c. The a, prefixed, is neceflary or not, as we Kuřwahur, bitterness; chiknahut, smoothness; Phikabur, infipidity; bunawuf, management; derive these verbal nouns from the preterite or bolawur, invitation; boŏnawur, texture; fun- imperative; but as we shall again have occafunabut, fimmering; jhunjhunahu, jingling. fion to confider them, prolixity becomes therefore unneceffary here on this subject. Sozish, burning; gurdish, turning; tupish, warmth; pyda,eb, produce; azma,eh, trial; furma,efb, order, commiffion. This is a Perfian particle added to the imp. of the verb, to form its verbal noun; a good number of which are admitted into the Hindoostanee. On efh, fee page 2. Weeranu, a waste; khurabu, an evil; rozu, Very little penetration will be required now a fast day; huftu, seven days, a week; dułu, a to perceive the comprehensive utility of this handle; zunanu, the women's apartment; mur- minute Porfi in affix, u, as we can still add to danu, the men's; khalisu, the exchequer; un- the foregoing examples, buft-u, a bundle; gŏŏshtanu, a (finger) ring; dustanu, a glove; mõõrdu, a corpfe; gofhu, an angle; girdu, a by,anu, earneft; nuzuranu, tulubanu, zabitanu, circle; duhu, u!hru, a space of ten days; punjhakimanu, uhmuqanu, mŏhranu, dughanu, qu- u, the paw; and probably, khanu, domus, boolee utanu, duftukanu, dustkhutanu, bukhshee- from khan, dominus: That u and anu, both anu, mõõtufuddee,anu, a string of fees or per- mean place, fimilitude, and space, will be eviquifites well known to the oriental harpies of dent from the context; in which it cannot office: murdanu, manly; zunanu, womanish; escape the learner, that the latter is, when netiflanu, childish; fipahee,anu, foldierlike; buha- ceffary, foftened to cenu; this, however, at dŏŏranu, dileranu, brave, also couragiously: fee times, feems to difcriminate words, khuzanu, page 162. Saleenu (or anu,-ceanu) falary; treasure; khuzeenu, treafury; like the last, we maheenu, monthly pay; rozeenu, daily pay; have gunjeenu, a storehouse, dufeenu, a hoard: pushmeenu, woollen; reshmeenu, filken; chob- The reader must nevertheless observe, that the eenu, wooden; kumeenu, mean: fee page 82. u, in these and many other words, is the Arabic Moohana, outlet; g,huťana, a shoal; ghurana, t, iradu, iradut, intention; zee,adu, zee ̧adut, household; thikana, proper place, &c. paetana, (whence zee adutee) much; mo,amulu, mo̟,amulut, the foot-firḥana, the head of a bed; sewana, negociation; therefore, these are not, in one a boundary. The phrase murde admee, is pro- sense, under the present rule, and might have bably murdu admee, inflected; meaning a per- been omitted. U, is ufeful likewife in ekfal-ų, son like a man, viz. a gentleman; unless it be annual; doofalu, biennial; doofhhaku, bicorcorrupted nous; form with their component vocables the following derivatives : chu, chee, un, wa, or 00,a, & 00, corrupted from murdoom-admee, or used in- Pee-as, défire to drink, thirft; moot-as, defire to pifs; oong,h-as, drowfinefs; mith-as, fweetnefs; oonch-as, a height. Buna, management; duba, influence; churha,o, afcent; milap, concord; bikao, fale; munao, persuasion. REMARKS. nous; and occurs in khafu, excellent, &c. With it, tukht-u, a board; namu, a book; furdu, a melon; chillu, a quarantine; chushmu, a fountain; dumu, an asthma; are apparently formed from tukht, à bench, or throne; nam, a name, fame; furd, cold; chihil, forty; chufhm, the eye; dum, the breath: And to these may be joined hurkaru, (lit.) a factotum, but now mostly applied to a meffenger, spy, &c. See aee, above, which will account for a alfo being dropped here in ooncha, high, &c.— B,hur-ofa, confidence, may be b,hur-as, difguifed; and I would not hesitate to derive our thirst from tur-as, a defire for water, as it is pronounced tras, in the Hinduwee. Confult the verbals in aee, wuf, &c. being all nearly allied to each other and the infin. mila,o, is changed to milap, and futap, to sutap, moleftation. Bagh-chu, a little garden; fundooq-chu, a box, Eechu, and buchu, may occur, as in bugha small cheft; fhakh-chu, a branch, shakh, a eechu, for bagh-chu, chuh buchu, a small well; bough; deg chu, a pot; deg, a boiler; kumaň - Moghul-buchu, a young Moghul; and chu, chu, a fiddleflick, or bow; feekh-chu, a skewer; coming alfo under the Inflective class, we have Jeekh, a fpit; neem-chu, a short sword; mu deg-chee, a faucepan or skillet; dolchee, a small fhal-chee, a link bey; khuzan-chee, treasurer; bucket, from dolchu, dol, a pitcher. Chu, chee, bundooq-chee, a musketeer; fhuhnae-chee, a are likewise used in doomchee, a crupper; chipiper; tumboor-chee, a drummer; op-chee, lumchee, (faid to be a corruption from jõõl or armed cap a pie; qaboo-chee, infidious; qur- gool-ab-chee); kufchu, a crest, ladle; nychu, nae-chee, a trumpeter. hoqqu fnake; mor-chu, a battery; from dŏŏm, a tail; kuf, the palm; ny, a reed or tube; mor, an ant, which is remarkable enough for zigzag. Julun, burning; chheelun, a fcraping; kutur- Occafionally wun, dhowun, and bowun, un, paring; d,houn, washings; uwulun, firstly; fowing; which are all old infinitives in un, fee page 162. Peerun, fherun, meerun, bukhih- and confequently verbal nouns, like those in wa, premwa, piroo,a, yaroo, nuzroo, deenoo; ace, ao, above; whence alfo munjun, teethmurdwa, a manikin; rook,hwa, durukhtwa, a powder, and fuch nouns as lugut, expence; young or little tree; khetwa, a small field: burhut, increase; g,hutut, decrease: fee paAndoo, a stone horse, bull, &c. deedaroo, fight- ges 105, 115. Meerun, &c. are a fet of faly; dek,hapo, feemly; ladoo, laden; d,haloo, de- miliar or diminutive names, (like our Sam, clivitive; b,hooloo, forgetful; jhugra,oo, a Willie, Ofie, Tom, Davie, Fack, &c.) noted in wrangler: Hindoo, an Indian; puhiroo, a fen- page 51. q. v. In thefe the un, &c. are often tinel; gandoo, cinædus; taloo, a fhuffler; dropped for a; whence peera, deena, prema: but ook haroo, an extirpator; j,hař, a broom, when wa, is contracted from wala, as in the next from jhana, to fweep; bichh-oo, a fcorpion, page, it is no diminutive, and the latter may from bikh, venom; tuhlao, a fervant; maroo, even be traced in jhugra-loo, a wrangler; duntkilling, fatal. aloa, Muk ·I, THEADJUNCTIVES, continued. eea, & ree, uk, uu ul, a, REMARKS. ales, a biter; and in ooloo, an owl, a boulet, from its cry, 00 00, viz. the 00 00-wala or oo-los. See al, in the next page. Muk huneea, a butterman; looneea, a falt- The vowels in the component parts of these maker; khoordee̟a, a retailer; doobashee,a, an words frequently undergo a flight change: interpreter; bhoomeea, a landlord; umbeea, Cham, has chum'ra, leather; and this has a young mango; mezeea, a little table; khut- chum ree, fkin; and when two open vowels eea, a fmall bed; phooreea, a pimple; pugree, occur, one is omitted: thus, deewaleea, a a turban; k,hulee, the foreskin; dum ree, the bankrupt, from deewala, bankruptcy; roopeighth of a pysa, from pag, khal, and dam; and eea, a filver coin, from roopa, filver; and in this way we can account for guthree, motř ee, mulee,, a young gardner, from malee. B,hera bundle, from ganih, met, a bale. ee,a, is the wolf's name, from his being a noted fheepstealer; and ungeea, bodice, comes from ung, the body. Murduk, a manikin; tifluk, a little child; This particle is moreover of ufe in dust-uk, butuk, a duck, from but, a goose; toopuk, a a fummons or found with the hand to call one mufquet, from top, a cannon; chob-uk, a stick; to the door; chufhmuk, aenuk, fpectacles; chob, a pole; kirmuk; a small worm; pooj- poofktuk, the hind quarters of a horfe; atushuk, a worshipper; likhuk, a writer; lek,huk, an uk, the pox; ufpuk, the outer cover of a tent, accountant; fewuk, a fervant, from fewa, fer- known among us in this country as the Fly; vice; paluk, an adopted fon; maruk, an anti- and subzuk, a bird fo called. The whole of dote, (often marug) from mar, a blow. these may be readily deduced from chufbm, a en, the eye; pooht, the back; atufb, fire; u/p, a horfe; fubz, green: In the Hinduwee uk forms fuch derivitives as pachuk, digester; ruchhuk, a keeper; from rukhna, to keep; bund,huk, mortgaged; qyduk, a binder; bawuk, the sowing season; with a great many more, whofe deduction however is not obvious enough for infertion in this place. Puih-uwul, much reading; likhurul, a great deal of writing; khel-uwul, a great fporting, or mutual playing; luruwul, much and mutual contention; piluwul, copious and focial potation. Bhook h-a, hungry; myla, dirty; neela, blue, adj. and noun; lona, falt; jhootha, falfehood; raja, a kingdom; gola, a ball; gol, round; gurma, the hot feafon, fummer; bhata (w), the extra allowance for (w) Pronounced among us liker betty than bhata; gung, a river; putun, a city. A, seems redundant in čala, a bough; khala, a hollow; jala, a net: if these be not rather gradations between dďal, an arm of a tree; dalee, a branch; khal, k,halee, jal, jalee, as we have many fimilar words of this kind; pat, putta, puttee, a leaf; dhar, dhara, dharee, a stream; kurah, ku řaha, kuř ahee, a pan; kewar, kewara, kewaree, a door; fee pages 14, 15, and 52. rice |