SKEATS NARES

Abutting, Prol. I. 21: bordering upon, contiguous to; also butting like a ram. In the line in question the two meanings are doubtless blended in the poet's mind. Addiction, I. i. 54: propensity, inclination. Cf. "to what sport and revels his addiction leads him," Othello, II. ii. 7. Lat. addictus, from addico, to adjudge, assign to. Addrest, III. iii. 58: prepared. O.F. adresser.

Admiration, II. ii. 108: wonder.

In Elizabethan English admire and its derivatives were frequently used in the sense of to wonder, be astonished at. Cf. Rev. xvii. 6; Paradise Lost, II. 677, 678. Advantageable, V. ii. 88: advan

tageous.

Affiance, II. ii. 127: trust. Cf.

"Ah, what's more dangerous than this fond affiance!" 2 Henry VI, III. i. 74.

Alarum, Prol. III. 33: stage direction; IV. vi. 35: an alarm

Ital.

sounded on the trumpet. "All' arme!" to arms! An, II. i. 107; IV. viii. 122: If, a contraction of and. It is, however, uncertain how it came to be used in this sense. Ancient, II. i. 3. etc.: ensign, standard-bearer; originally (like ensign) the flag itself, and then the bearer of the flag. Cf. "'Tis one Iago, ancient to the general," Othello, II. i. 66. A corruption of Fr. enseigne, from Low Lat. insignia, a standard.

Annoy, II. ii. 102: injure.

Cf.

"thorns that would annoy our foot," 2 Henry VI., III. i. 67. Antics, III. ii. 31: buffoons. Cf. "the veriest antic in the world," Taming of the Shrew, Ind: ction, 101. Originally the same as antique. Ital. antico, a word used of the grotesque figures in old sculptures. Hence the sense of the word today. Appertinents, II. ii. 87: appurtenances, things pertaining to. Argument, III. i. 21; III. vii. 37; IV. i. 146: theme, subject of consideration. Cf. Paradise Lost, I., 24.

Arrant, III. vi. 63; IV. vii. 147: notorious, downright, especially in an evil sense. Ultimately derived from Lat. errans, wandering, and thus a variant of errant.

Attaint, Prol. IV. 39: illness, weariness; in general, anything injurious.

Avaunt, III. ii. 21: begone. avant, forward.

Fr.

Avouch, V. i. 75; V. ii. 249: avow, acknowledge. Avouchment, as a verb, in IV. viii. 38, is one of Fluellen's mistakes.

Awkward, II. iv. 85: wrong, out of order, hence illegitimate. Awk =the left hand (etymology uncertain). Cf. sinister, below.

so called because it had a spot on its head resembling a crown. See Illustration.

Bawcock, III. ii. 25: fine fellow. Fr. beau coq.

Beadle, IV. i. 178 in the law courts, a summoner, one who cites persons to appear. O.E. bydel, from beodan, to command. Beaver, IV. ii. 44: strictly the part of the helmet over the face, which could be raised or lowered (see Hamlet, I. ii. 230); but often used by synecdoche for helmet. O.F. bavière, a child's bib, from baver, to slaver.

Bedlam, V. i. 19: mad; from. Bedlam (a corruption of Bethlehem) the famous London asylum for lunatics.

Beshrew, V. ii. 237 a mild form of oath. M.E. beschreven, to

curse.

Besmirch'd, IV. iii. 110: soiled. Bolt, III. vii. 125: arrow.

Boot, I. ii. 194: booty, spoil. Make boot upon, to pillage, despoil. Bootless, III. iii. 24: unavailing. O.E. bit, advantage.

Brave, Prol. III. 5: fine, gay, making a fine show.

Bubukles, III. vi. 108: pimples

Apparently a corruption of bubo, abscess, and carbuncle, a blotch, gathering.

Buffet, V. ii. 146: blow. O.F. bufet. Bully, IV. i. 48: a brisk, dashing fellow. Etymology uncertain. Burnet, V. ii. 49: the pimpernel. Butt, I. ii. 186: target. Fr. but, end, purpose, mark aimed at. Buxom, III. vi. 27: gay, lively, brisk. O.E. bocsom, bukscm, flexible, from búgan, to bend.

Capital, V. ii. 96: chief, principal. Lat. caput, head.

of

Chambers, Prol. III. 33: stage direction; a kind of short cannon. Chantry, IV. i. 310: a chapel endowed for the maintenance masses for the dead. O.F. chanterie, from chanter, to sing. Chattels, II. iii. 50: property. Etymologically the same word as cattle (by the number of which in a pastoral age a man's wealth was naturally estimated). Chuck, III. ii. 26: chicken, a term

of endearment. Cf. ❝ dearest chuck," Macbeth, III. ii. 45. Churlish, IV. i. 15: rough, boorish; from churl, a low-born person, a rough fellow. O.E. cecrl. Civil, I. ii. 199: pertaining to the city or state; private and domestic, as distinguished from military or ecclesiastical. Lat. civilis, from civis, a citizen. The common meaning of civil courteous, is secondary, arising from the contrast in manners between dwellers

in the city and those in the country. Cf. urbane, churlish.

Close, I. ii. 180: a musical term, close of a passage, cadence. Companies, I. i. 55 : companions. Cf. "new friends and stranger companies," Midsummer Night's Dream, I. i. 219.

Congreeing, I. ii. 182: agreeing together.

Congreeted, V. ii. 31: greeted one another; apparently a Shakespearian coinage. Conjuration, I. ii. 29: a solemn appeal. Cf. "mock not my senseless conjuration, lords, Richard II., III. ii. 23. Consent, I. ii. 180: (more properly concent), concert, harmony. Lat. concentus, a singing together, a blending of sounds. Cf. sweet concent," Faery Queene, III. xii. 5. Consign, V. ii. 90: consent, agree. Fr. consigner; Lat. cum, will, signum, a seal. Coranto, III. v. 33: a quick dance. Fr. courante; Ital. coranta. Coulter, V. ii. 46: ploughshare. O.E. culter.

66

Coz, IV. iii. 30: contraction ot cousin, common in Shakespeare. Cullion, III. ii. 21: cowardly, base

wretch; a vulgar term of abuse. Curtle axe, IV. ii. 21: a short sword; a corruption of cutlass.

Darnel, V. ii. 45: a weed common in

cornfields, and supposed by some to be the same as the tares of Scripture. Dear, II. ii. 181 heartfelt; in

Elizabethan speech used of what gives either pain or pleasure in an intense degree. Though dear in the former sense is derived by Murray from O.E. décr, hard, grievous, while in the latter sense it comes from O.E. décre, precious, the distinction had certainly been lost sight of before Shakespeare's time. Cf. "my

dearest foe," Hamlet, I. ii. 182; "dear exile," Richard II., I. iii. 181. Defunction, I. ii. 58: death. Lat. defunctus, from defungor, to discharge, finish; hence, to finish one's life. Dishonest, I. ii. 49: unchaste.

Honest in Shakespeare often means chaste, vi tuous, as e.g., Merry Wives of Windsor, I. iv. 139; Othello, IV. ii. 138.

Dout, IV. ii. 11: to extinguish, doout, as doff=do-off. Cf. "this folly douts it," Hamlet, IV. vii.

192.

Dub, II. ii. 120; Dubb'd, IV. viii. 89 invest with; used generally in a contemptuous sense. Originally

:

dub to confer knighthood upon one by a blow of the sword. O E. dubban, to strike; hence, to confer any dignity or character.

Eke out, Prol. III. 35: make up for, supply deficiencies in. O.E. écan, to increase.

Elder-gun, IV. i. 206: pop-gun, made of an elder stick with the pith extracted.

Empery, I. ii. 226: empire. Englutted, IV. iii. 83: swallowed up. Fr. englouti.

Enow, IV. i. 232, etc.: enough. Enscheduled, V ii. 73: entered in a schedule, registered.

Erst, V. ii. 48: formerly. lative of ere. O.E. aérest.

Super

Evenly, II. iv. 91 : in a direct line. Expedience, IV. iii. 70: expedition, haste. Cf. "due expedience," Richard II., II. i.

Fain, I. i. 85; III. vii. 88: gladly O.E. faegen.

Fearful, Prol. II. 27: full of fear. Fell, III. iii. 17: savage, cruel. O.E. fei. Cf. "a dragon fell," Faery Queene, Book I., II. x. 6. Fet, III. i. 18: fetched, drawn.

i. 293.

Figo, a term showing contempt accompanied by the gesture below. Flexure, IV. i. 264: bowing, cringing.

Flourish, I. ii. 310: stage direction, etc.; a fanfare of trumpets sounded as a prelude to a procession. Footed, II. iv. 143 : landed. Forage, I. ii. 110: to prey, pillage. Fore-hand, IV. i. 289: advantage, preference.

Forsworn, IV. viii. 13: be forsworn =commit perjury.

Fumitory, V. ii. 45: a common weed, so called either because of its smell, or, more probably, from the old popular belief that it sprang from the vapours of the ground. Lat. fumus terræ, smoke of the earth.

Girded, Prol. III. 27: invested in a siege, surrounded.

Girding, I. ii. 152: surrounding. Gleeking, V. i. 78 : jeering, scoffing. Gloze, I. ii. 40: explain, interpret. O.E. glésan; M.E. glosen, to explain. God-den, III. ii. 89: good-evening, a corruption of good-even. Groat, V. i. 61: a small silver coin worth fourpence. The name seems curiously enough to have been taken from a Bremen coin called grote, because it was larger than the other coins in use there. Old Low Ger. grote, great. Guidon, IV. ii. 60: standard-bearer. Fr. guidin.

Gull, III. vi. 69: simpleton, dupe; very common in Elizabethan days. The word literally means an fledged nestling.

un

Havoc, I. ii. 173: destroy. Shakespeare's only use of the word as a verb. Cf. "to waste and havoc yonder world," Paradise Lost, x. 617. Either from O.E. hafoc, a hawk, or Welsh, hafoc, destruction. Heady, I. i. 34: headstrong, impetuous.

Helm, IV. vii. 163: helmet. Hilding, IV. ii. 29: mean, paltry. Used also as substantive, "a hilding for a livery," Cymbeline, II. ii. 122. Prov. Eng. hilderling. O.E. hinderling, mean, bare (Skeat). Hooded, III. vii. 115: falcons were always hooded while at rest. See Illustration.

Hoop, II. ii. 108: whoop.

Idly, I. ii. 59 carelessly.
Imbar, I. ii. 94: hinder, prevent,
forbid. Im=in, bar.

Imp. IV. i. 45: scion, young shoot,
offspring. M.E. ympen, to engraft;
Low Lat. impotus, graft.
Indirectly, II. iv. 94: dishonestly.

Cf. "Fy, what an indirect and peevish course," Richard III., III. i. Intendment, I. ii. 144: design, purpose. Fr. entendement.

Falconer with Falcon and Hood (IV. ii. 29).

Time of Elizabeth.

Jack-a-napes, V. ii. 148: monkey.
For jack on apes = jack of apes.
Jade, III. v. 19; IV. ii. 46: a
broken-down horse.

Kecksies, V. ii. 52; stalks of hemlock, kex.

Kern, III. vii. 56: a light-armed Irish foot soldier. Irish, cearn, a

man.

Kind, Prol. II. 19: having feelings of kinship. O.E. cynn, race, kin.

Lady, II. i. 38: a form of oath by the Virgin Mary. Lavolta, III. v. 33; an Italian

dance, very popular in England at the time. Ital. la volta, the whirl. Lazars, I. i. 15: lepers, from Lazarus, Luke xvi. 20.

Leas, V. ii. 44: meadows, grass lands.

Legerity, IV. i. 3: lightness, nimbleness. Fr. légèrité..