and the roof coal. The coal was, years ago, worked in a shaft in S. E. quarter section 20, and is reported three and one-half feet thick there.

Londonderry Township. -This township has little of the Pittsburgh coal. The largest area is in the sontheast corner in sections 4, 5, 10 and 11. In sections 13, 28, 29 and 35, small outliers are found, which are of little economic value even for local use. Through the southeast corner the coal usually has the sandstone roof, but in some places clay shale takes its place either partially or entirely. The coal averages about four feet thick with the two partings as found about Fairview. In the outliers in sections 28, 29 and 35, the coal is reported from three and one-half to four feet thick, with no roof coal. Many horsebacks and clay veins have been found where these outliers have been worked.

Richland and Wills Townships. - These townships have no important area of the Pittsburgh coal, only a few small outliers being found in them. In Richland township small areas are found in the high hills about the village of New Gottingen-two small areas of a few acres each to the west and southwest, and a small area in sections 12 and 13, to the southeast of the village. The thickness could not be learned.

The only area in Wills township is in section 20, possibly extending into section 19. The area is very small, and as no openings have been made, the thickness was not learned. Small outliers have been reported in section 17, of Madison township, and in sections 10 and 17, of Jefferson township, but the localities were not visited, as they are of no economic value.

Spencer Township. - The horizon of the Pittsburgh coal is found in this township, but the coal is of little value and cannot compete with the Meigs Creek, or Cumberland coal, found from 90 to 100 feet above it.

From southern Guernsey county to the southwest through Noble and Morgan counties, the Pittsburgh coal is of very little value. It becomes thin and very irregular, sometimes disappearing altogether. It regains its thickness and value in Athens and Meigs counties, where it is known as the Pomeroy coal.

The accompanying map shows the area underlaid by this noble vein of coal in Jefferson, Belmont and Guernsey counties, except Madison, Wills, Richland and Spencer townships of Guernsey county.

The western outcrop of the coal sweeps around through Harrison county, where there is much good coal in this seam, but there was not time to follow it through that county. Hence that field is left for a future report.

The composition of the Pittsburgh seam in two of the Cadiz mines is appended: (Lord.)

To allow comparison with the best phases of the Pittsburgh seam, the following analyses of the coal from the several pools of the Youghiogheny field are appended. The coals were sampled from stock in the Cincinnatı market, and were not therefore fresh. They were analyzed by the same method that has been employed in the examination of our own coals. The figures are as follows: (Lord.)

Ash

5.07

3.75

4.49

CHAPTER XI.

THE POMEROY AND FEDERAL CREEK COAL FIELD.

BY ELLIS LOVEJOY, E. M.

Under the head of The Pomeroy and Federal Creek Coal Field will be considered that portion of the Pittsburgh coal in southwestern Morgan county, Athens county, Meigs county, and northeastern Gallia county, together with sections showing the geological range of the field.

I. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE.

The following generalized section shows the structure of the Upper Coal Measures and a small portion of the Upper Barren Measures in Meigs county:

3 Sandstone, Waynesburg, base of the Upper Barren Measures. 30 to 50

A thin impure white limestone, No. 8 of the above section, found in sections 30 and 33, and fractional section 12, Salisbury township, and section 4, Rutland township, is the only representative of the numerous seams found in the Upper Coal Measures to the north.

GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE UPPER COAL MEASURES IN ATHENS AND MORGAN

The mark of a coal, 100 to 110 feet above the Waynesburg coal, may be seen in fractional sections 2 and 6, Chester township and in section 8, Sutton township. It belongs to the Upper Barren Measures.

The mark of the Waynesburg coal is found under the heavy sandrock through southern Chester township, and central and eastern Sutton township. It is of no economic value in this field.

Faint traces of a coal are found, 120 feet to 140 feet above the Pomeroy coal, in sections 7 and 31, Bedford township, and in section 30, Salisbury township.

1

A thin seam of coal, twenty feet to twenty-five feet above the Pomeroy coal, is found in Bedford and Scipio townships and to the north in Athens county. It is wanting in Salisbury, Sutton and Rutland townships. We will describe it more fully in connection with the Pomeroy coal along Shade Creek.

LIMESTONES.

No single section of the limestones of the Upper Coal Measures in this portion of the field can be taken as a type section.

Unlike the regular persistent marine limestones of the Lower Measures, these white limestones appear and disappear, thicken up and thin out with confusing abruptness.

No. 4 of the above section may be seen in N. W. section 19, Marion township, Morgan county, and in fractional section 4, Lodi township, and section 18, Rome township, Athens county. At the latter place the following section was measured:

The limestones, Nos. 6, 8 and 10 of the general section, must be considered collectively. They belong between the Meigs Creek and Macksburg coals. In section 14, Union township, Morgan county, is a single seam, 126 to 133 feet, inclusive, above the Pomeroy coal. In S. E. section 32, Marion township, are two beds at 99 and 142 feet, respectively, above the Pomeroy coal. In N. E. section 25, Marion township, we find two beds at 135 feet and at 141 to 153 feet. In S. E. section 30, Bern township, Athens county, two beds at 131 and 147 feet.