Cod. N. lat. 42° 6', W. lon. 700 7. sea, and 34 N. N. W. from WindSee Provincetown. Ragged Mountains, N. II., So called from their rough appearance, lie between Andover and Hill, extending in a chain about 10 miles from the Pemigewasset to the vicinity of Kearsarge. It is a bleak and precipitous range, and is nearly 2,000 feet high, in its northern points. Rail Roads in New England. See Register. Randolph, N. H. Coos co. Until 1824 this town was called Durand. It is situated directly under the north end of the White mountains, its southeast corner bounding on the base of Mount Madison, the east peak of the range. Branches of Israel's and Moose rivers pass through it. The soil is in some parts good, but the town increases slowly in its settlements. It was granted August 20, 1772, to John Durand and others, of London. Joseph Wilder and Stephen Jillson were the first settlers. Population, 1830, 78. Randolph, Vt. Orange co. This is an elevated township of good soil, particularly for grazing. It is generally well improved, and produces good butter, cheese and mutton. Between twelve and thirteen thousand sheep graze in its pastures. It is well watered by branches of White river, on which are two woolen mills and other manufactures. There are a number of flourishing business locations in the town: the centre village is very pleasant, and contains an academy of excellent reputation. This town was first settled about the year 1778. Population, 1830, 2,743. Randolph lies 23 miles S. from Montpelier, 9 S. W. from Chel sor. er. Randolph, Mass. Norfolk co. Randolph constituted a part of ancient Braintree until 1793, when it was incorporated. It lies 14 miles S. from Boston, 12 S. E. from Dedham, and 7 S. S. W. from Braintree landing. Population, 1820, 1,546; 1830, 2,200; 1837, 3,041 Manatiquot river rises in the town, which, with other small streams, afford it a water powPunkapog pond lies in this town and Canton. The land is elevated between the waters of Massachusetts bay and Taunton river; the surface is generally undulating and the soil strong and productive. There are two very pleasant and flourishing villages in the town, East and West, surrounded by fertile and well cultivated fields. Randolph has long been noted for the industry of its people, in the manufacture of boots and shoes. During the year ending April 1st, 1837, there were made in the town 200,175 pairs of boots, and 470,620 pairs of shoes, valued at $944,715, employing 1,475 hands. There are manufactures of leather, &c. in the town, but that of boots and shoes is the principal. Rangely, Me. Franklin co. This town lies on the Androscoggin river, and at the outlet of Oquossack lake. It is about 40 miles N. W. from Farmington. See "Down East." Raymond, Me. Cumberland co. Raymond is watered by Crooked river, and several ponds. This is a good farming town, with two villages, and some trade. The inhabitants are principally devoted to agricultural pursuits. In 1837 the population was 1,802; wheat crop 3,203 bushels. Incorporated, 1803. It lies 75 miles S. W. from Augusta and 22 | water power, and to which vast N. N. W. from Portland. The manufactures of Raynham consist of bar iron, nails, iron castings, anchors, shovels, forks, coffee mills, and straw bonnets: total value the year ending April 1, 1837, $360,650; of which $300,000 was for nails. Readfield, Me. quantities of herring (alewives) resort. On the banks of one of Raymond, N. H. these ponds, the celebrated King Rockingham co. This town lies Philip had a hunting house. The 25 miles W. by S. from Portsmouth, first forge in America was erected 25 S. E. from Concord, 13 W. by in this town, by James and Henry N. from Exeter. Two branches Leonard, in 1652. The house of of the Lamprey river, from Deer- the Leonards, an old Gothic buildfield and Candia, unite in Ray-ing, is now standing, and owned by mond; and the waters of two ponds the 7th generation. also fall into this river as it passes through the town. The Patuckaway, from Nottingham, crosses the N. E. corner into Epping. The soil is various: that of the meadows bordering on the river is productive. In the N. part of the town, about 100 rods from the principal road leading to Deerfield, near the summit of a hill about 100 feet high, is a natural excavation in a ledge, called the Oven, from the appearance of its mouth. It is a regular arch about 5 feet high and of the same width, extending into the hill about 15 feet, and terminating in a number of fissures. Raymond was originally that part of Chester called Charming-fare. It was incorporated in 1765, by its present name. The names of 24 inhabitants of Raymond are found enrolled among the soldiers of the revolution, beside numbers of the militia engaged for short periods. Four were killed or died in service. Hon. JOHN DUDLEY, a distinguished patriot of the revolution, member of the committee of safety, speaker of the house, and judge of the superior court, died here May 21, 1805, aged 80. Population, in 1830, 1,000. Kennebec co. This is an excellent township of land, and finely watered by ponds and small streams. The people are generally industrious farmers, who find the cultivation of the earth the best source of independence. Readfield is a very pleasant town, and its vicinity to the Kennebec gives it many advantages. It lies 11 miles W. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 2,019. Wheat crop, same year, 6,391 bushels. Reading, Vt. Windsor co. First settled, 1772. This is an elevated township,uneven and mountainous. Several small streams rise here and pass to the Queechy and Black rivers. This town affords excellent pasturage,. in which about 6,000 sheep are kept. Reading lies 53 miles S. from Montpelier, and 10 W. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 1,109. Reading, Mass. Middlesex co. Reading is an ancient town, 13 miles N. from Boston, 10 W. from Salem, and 17 N. E. from Concord. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is generally of a good quality. The village is pleas ant and flourishing. During the year ending April 1, 1837, the value of $184,583 of boots and shoes were made in Reading, and $91,360 of chairs and cabinet ware. First settled, 1640. Population, 1837, 2,144. Reading, Ct. ty, and of science, throughout the Red Hill, N. H. Readsborough, Vt. Bennington co. A mountainous township, at the S. E. corner of the county, watered by Deerfield river, 12 miles S. E. from Bennington, and 18 W. by S. from Brattle borough. Much of the land in the town is too elevated to admit of cultivation. Population, 1830, 662. Rehoboth, Mass.: Bristol co. This town was first settled in 1643, by the Rev. Samuel Newman and others from Weymouth. Rehoboth formerly com Fairfield co. This town was incorporated in 1767, and derived its name from Col. John Read, one of its first settlers. The soil of the town is good, but the surface is rough and hilly. The business of the people is chiefly agricultural, who live scattered about on their farms. Considerable attention is paid in Reading to the growing of wool. It lies 15 miles N. W. from Bridgeport, 60 S. W. from Hart-prised the towns of Seekonk and ford, and 9 S. from Danbury. Population, 1830, 1,686. It is watered by Saugatuck and Norwalk rivers. JOEL BARLOW, LL. D., was born in this town, 1755. He died in Poland, 1812. Pawtucket. This ancient town suffered greatly by Indian depredations. The surface of the town is pleasant, and the soil generally good for tillage. Its manufactures consist of cotton goods, leather, shoes, cutlery, ploughs, straw bon America has produced few men, more justly deserving of immortal-nets, carpenters' and joiners' tools, ity than Barlow; and none, it is be- wagons, ox yokes, bobbins, cotton lieved, who have made their title batting, wooden ware, &c.: annual to it more sure. He lived in an value, about $60,000. Rehoboth eventful period, and acted a con- is watered by Palmer's river. It spicuous part in both hemispheres; lies 40 miles S. by W. from Boston, and as a poet, a man of science, a 10 S. W. from Taunton, and 7 E. politician, a philosopher and a phi- from Providence, R. I. Populalanthropist, his name will long betion, 1837, 2,202. Its Indian name revered by the friends of civil liber- was Saconet. 1 The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was settled by Roger. Williams in 1636, a man remarkable for his benevolence, justice, and pacific policy. It derived its name from that of a beautiful island at the mouth of Narraganset bay. Its government commenced under the charter of Charles II., in 1663, which charter is the present Constitution of the State. It became a member of the Union May 29th, 1790. The Legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives. The number of Senators cannot be more nor less than 10, 2 from each county, and are chosen annually by the people on the 3d Wednesday in April. The Representatives are in number 72. No town has less than 2, and but 4 towns have more than 2, viz.-Newport 6, Providence 4, Portsmouth 4, and Warwick 4: the number for each town hav ing been determined by law without reference to the present ratio of population. They are elected semi-annually by the people, on the 3d Wednesday of April, and last Tuesday of August. The Legislature meet at Newport on the 1st Wednesday of May, and at Providence and South Kingston, alternately, on the last Monday of October annually. The executive power is vested in a Governor and Lieut. Governor, elected annually by the people on the 3d Wednesday of April. Their official term commences on the 1st Wednesday in May Succession of Governors. William Greene, 1778-1786. John Nicholas Cooke, 1776-1778. Collins, 1786-1789. Arthur Fenner, 1789-1805. Henry Smith, (Act. Gov.) 1805. Isaac Wilborn, (Lieut. Gov.) 1806. James Fenner, 1807-1811. William Jones, 1811-1817. Nehemiah R. Knight, William C. Gibbs, 1821-1824. James Fenner, 1824— 1831. Lemuel H. Arnold, 1831-1833. John Brown Francis, 1833 1817-1821. The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Judicial Court and Court of Common Pleas." The Judges of all the Courts, Sheriffs, Notaries, Justices of the Peace, and Clerks of the Courts are chosen annually by the Legislature in Grand Committee. In all the towns (except Providence) the town councils are, ex officio, Courts of Probate, and the town Clerks, Registers of Deeds and Probate. The Municipal Court in the city of Providence exercise probate jurisdiction, and the Clerk is Register of Probate. The city Clerk is Register of Deeds. This state annually appropriates $10,000, to be divided among the towns for the support of free schools. Rhode Island comprises five counties: Providence, Newport, Bristol, Kent and Washington. It is bounded N. and E. by the state of Massachusetts, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and W. by the state of Connecticut. It lies between 41° and 42° N. lat., and between 71° and 72° W. long.; and comprises an area of 1350 square miles. Population, 1755, 40,414; 1774, 59,678; 1790, 68,825; 1800, 69,122; 1810, 75,188; 1820, 83,059; 1830, 97,196. Population to square a milé, 71. The natural features of this state are somewhat peculiar. About a tenth part of it is water, and of the residue of land a considerable portion is island territory. The interior of the state, with the exception of the intervales along the streams, is generally rough and hilly. The most considerable eminences are Mount Hope, in Bristol, Hopkins' Hill, in West Greenwich, and Woonsocket Hill, in Smithfield. There are also some hills of considerable elevation in Exeter. Rhode Island, and most of the other islands in Narraganset bay, disclose a geological structure, of the transition character, and present a surface generally undulating, and often highly picturesque and beautiful. The mineral treasures of the State have not been explored: but so far as they are known, they are not extensive or valuable. Iron ore is the most important mineral. Mineral coal is found upon Rhode Island. Limestone abounds in the northeastern section of the state; and in these calcareous strata there are some excellent quarries of marble. Serpen |