yond all the wealth or honours which may reward his
labour, far even beyond the unspeakable gift of bodily
health, are the friendships which he forms in youth.
That is the season when natures soft and pliant grow
together, each becoming part of the other, and co-
loured by it; thus to become one in heart with the
good, and generous, and devout, is, by God's grace,
to become, in measure, good, and generous, and de-
vout. Arnold's friendship has been one of the many
blessings of my life. I cherish the memory of it
with mournful gratitude, and I cannot but dwell
with lingering fondness on the scene and the period
which first brought us together. Within the peace-
ful walls of Corpus I made friends, of whom all are
spared me but Arnold—he has fallen asleep-but the
bond there formed, which the lapse of years and our
differing walks in life did not unloosen, and which
strong opposition of opinions only rendered more in-
timate; though interrupted in time, I feel not to be
broken-may I venture, without unseasonable so-
lemnity, to express the firm trust, that it will endure
for ever in eternity.

Believe me, my dear Stanley,
Very truly yours,

J. T. C.

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CHAPTER II.

LIFE AT LALEHAM.

THE Society of the Fellows of Oriel College then, as for some time afterwards, numbered amongst its members some of the most rising men in the University, and it is curious to observe the list which, when the youthful scholar of Corpus was added to it, contained the names of Copleston, Davison, Whately, Keble, Hawkins, and Hampden, and shortly after he left it, those of Newman and Pusey, the former of whom was elected into his vacant Fellowship. Amongst the friends with whom he thus became acquainted for the first time, may chiefly be mentioned Dr. Hawkins, since Provost of Oriel, to whom in the last of his life he dedicated his Lectures on Modern History, and Dr. Whately, afterwards Principal of St. Alban's Hall, and now Archbishop of Dublin, towards whom his regard was enhanced by the domestic intercourse which was constantly interchanged in later years between their respective families, and to whose writings and conversations he took an early opportunity of expressing his obligations in the Preface to his first volume of Sermons, in speaking of the various points on which the communication of his

year

friend's views had "extended or confirmed his own."
For the next four years he remained at Oxford tak-
ing private pupils and reading extensively in the Ox-
ford libraries, an advantage which he never ceased to
remember gratefully himself, and to impress upon
others, and of which the immediate results remain in
a great number of MSS., both in the form of ab-
stracts of other works, and of original sketches on
history and theology. They are remarkable rather
as proofs of industry than of power, and the style of
all his compositions, both at this time and for some
years later, is cramped by a stiffness and formality
alien alike to the homeliness of his first published
works and the vigour of his later ones, and strikingly
recalling his favourite lines,

"The old man clogs our earliest years,
And simple childhood comes the last."

But already in the examination for the Oriel Fellow-
ships, Dr. Whately had pointed out to the other elec-
tors the great capability of "growth" which he be-
lieved to be involved in the crudities of the youthful
candidate's exercises, and which, even in points where
he was inferior to his competitors, indicated an ap-
proaching superiority. And widely different as were
his juvenile compositions in many points from those
of his after life, yet it is interesting to observe in
them the materials which those who knew the pres-
sure of his numerous avocations used to wonder when
he could have acquired, and to trace amidst the
strangest contrast of his general thoughts and style
occasional remarks of a higher strain, which are in
striking, though in some instances perhaps accidental,

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coincidence with some of his later views.

He endea

voured in his historical reading to follow the plan, which he afterwards recommended in his Lectures, of making himself thoroughly master of some one period,-the 15th century, with Philip de Comines as his text book, seems to have been the chief sphere of his studies,— and the first book after his election which appears in the Oriel library as taken out in his name, is Rymer's Fœdera. Many of the judgments of his maturer years on Gibbon, Livy, and Thucydides, are to be found in a MS. of 1815, in which, under the name of "Thoughts on History," he went through the characteristics of the chief ancient and modern historians. And it is almost startling, in the midst of a rhetorical burst of his youthful Toryism in a journal of 1815, to meet with expressions of real feeling about the social state of England such as might have been written in his latest years; or amidst the common-place remarks which accompany an analysis of St. Paul's Epistles and Chrysostom's Homilies, in 1818, to stumble on a statement, complete as far as goes, of his subsequent doctrine of the identity of Church and State.

it

Meanwhile he had been gradually led to fix upon his future course in life. In December, 1818, he was ordained deacon at Oxford; and on August, 11th, 1820, he married Mary, youngest daughter of the Rev. John Penrose, Rector of Fledborough, in Nottinghamshire, and sister of one of his earliest school and college friends, Trevenen Penrose; having previously settled in 1819 at Laleham, near Staines, with his mother, aunt, and sister, where he remained for the next nine years, taking seven or eight young

men as private pupils in preparation for the Universities, for a short time in a joint establishment with his brother-in-law, Mr. Buckland, and afterwards independently by himself.

In the interval which had elapsed between the end of his undergraduate career at Oxford, and his entrance upon life, had taken place the great change from boyhood to manhood, and with it a corresponding change or growth of character, more marked and more important than at any subsequent period of his life. There was indeed another great step to be taken before his mind reached that later stage of development which was coincident with his transition from Laleham to Rugby. The prosaic and matter of fact element which has been described in his early Oxford life still retained its predominance, and to a certain extent dwarfed and narrowed his sphere of thought; the various principles of political and theological science which contained in germ all that was to grow out of them, had not yet assumed their proper harmony and proportions; his feelings of veneration, if less confined than in later years, were also less intense; his hopes and views, if more practicable and more easily restrained by the advice of others, were also less wide in their range, and less lofty in their conception.

But, however great were the modifications which his character subsequently underwent, it is the change of tone at this time, between the earlier letters of this period (such as the one or two first of the ensuing series) and those which immediately succeed them, that marks the difference between the high spirit and warm feelings of his youth and the fixed earnestness