Sec. 29. In time of peace no soldier shall be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; and in time of war such quarters shall not be made but in a manner prescribed by law.

Sec. 30. No person who conscientiously scruples to bear arms shall be compelled so to do, but he shall pay an equivalent for personal service.

Sec. 31. All elections shall be free and open, and every inhab itant of this commonwealth possessing the qualifications provided for in this Constitution shall have an equal right to elect officers and be elected to fill public office.

Sec. 32. No property qualifications shall be necessary for an election to or the holding of any office, and no office shall be created the appointment to which shall be for a longer time than good behavior. After the adoption of this Constitution, any per son who shall fight a duel, or send or accept a challenge for that purpose, or be an aider or abettor in fighting a duel, shall be deprived of holding any office of honor or trust in this State, and shall be otherwise punished as the law shall prescribe.

Sec. 33. The right of suffrage shall be protected by laws regulating elections, and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue influences from power, bribery, tumult or improper conduct.

Sec. 34. Representation shall be apportioned according to population, and no person in this State shall be disfranchised or deprived of any of the rights or privileges now enjoyed, except by the law of the land or the judgment of his peers.

Sec. 35. Temporary absence from the State shall not forfeit a residence once obtained.

Sec. 36. All property subject to taxation shall be taxed in proportion to its value. Each individual of society has a right to be protected in the enjoyment of life, liberty and property, according to standing laws. He should, therefore, contribute his share to the expense of his protection, and give his personal service when necessary.

Sec. 37. No subsidy, charge, impost, tax or duties shall be established, fixed, laid or levied, under any pretext whatsoever, without the consent of the people, or their representatives lawfully assembled.

Sec. 38. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted, nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained.

Sec. 39. No title of nobility or hereditary emolument shall ever be granted in this State. Distinction on account of race or color, in any case whatever, shall be prohibited, and all classes of citizens shall enjoy equally all common, public, legal and political privileges.

Sec. 40. All navigable waters shall remain forever public highways, free to the citizens of the State and the United States, without tax, impost or toll imposed; and no tax, toll, impost or wharfage shall be imposed, demanded or received from the owner of any merchandise or commodity, for the use of the shores, or any wharf erected on the shores, or in or over the waters of any navigable stream, unless the same be authorized by the General Assembly.

Sec. 41. The enumeration of rights in this Constitution shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people, and all powers not herein delegated remain with the people.

ARTICLE II.

Legislative Department.

Section 1. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in two distinct branches, the one to be styled the "Senate," and the other the "House of Representatives," and both together the "General Assembly of the State of South Carolina."

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen by ballot every second year, by the citizens of this State, qualified as in this Constitution is provided.

Sec. 3. The judicial districts shall hereafter be designated as counties, and the boundaries of the several counties shall remain as they are now established, except the county of Pickens, which is hereby divided into two counties, by a line leaving the southern boundary of the State of North Carolina where the White Water river enters this State, and thence down the center of said river, by whatever names known, to Ravenel's Bridge, on Seneca river, and thence along the center of the road leading to Pendleton village, until it intersects the line of the county of Anderson; and the territory lying east of said line shall be known as the county of Pickens; and the territory lying west of said line shall be known as the county of Oconee: Provided, That

the General Assembly shall have the power at any time to organize new counties by changing the boundaries of any of the old ones; but no new county shall be hereafter formed of less extent than six hundred and twenty-five square miles, nor shall any existing counties be reduced to a less extent than six hundred and twentyfive square miles. Each county shall constitute one election district.

Section 1. That article II of the Constitution of the State of South Carolina be, and the same is hereby, amended so that in sections four and five of said article, the following shall be substituted, and shall be known as section four, thereof, to wit.

Sec. 4. The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and twenty-four members, to be apportioned among the several counties according to the number of inhabitants contained in each; an enumeration of the inhabitants for this purpose shall be made in 1891, and shall be made in the course of every tenth year thereafter, in such manner as shall be by law directed: Provided, That the General Assembly may at any time in its discretion adopt the immediately preceding United States census as a true and correct enumeration of the inhabitants of the several counties, and make the apportionment or assignment of Representatives among the several counties according to said enumeration: Provided, however, This amendment shall not prevent the General Assembly from providing for an enumeration and apportionment prior to 1891 in the manner now provided for by law.

Sec. 6. In assigning Representatives to the several counties, the General Assembly shall allow one Representative to every one hundred and twenty-fourth part of the whole number of inhabitants in the State: Provided, That if the apportionment of Representatives any county shall appear not to be entitled, from its population, to a Representative, such county shall, nevertheless, send one Representative; and if there be still a deficiency of the number of Representatives required by section fourth of this article, such deficiency shall be supplied by assigning Repre sentatives to those counties having the largest surplus fractions. Sec. 7. No apportionment of Representatives shall be construed to take effect in any manner until the general election which shall succeed such apportionment.

Sec. 8. The Senate shall be composed of one member from each county, to be elected for the term of four years by the quali

fed voters of the State, in the same manner in which members of the House of Representatives are chosen, except the county of Charleston, which shall be allowed two Senators.

Sec. 9. Upon the meeting of the first General Assembly which shall be chosen under the provisions of this Constitution, the Senators shall be divided by lot into two classes, as nearly equal as may be; the seats of the Senators of the first class to be vacated at the expiration of two years after the Monday following the general election, and of those of the second class at the expiration of four years, so that, except as above provided, onehalf of the Senators may be chosen every second year.

Sec. 10. No person shall be eligible to a seat in the Senate or House of Representatives who at the time of his election is not a citizen of the United States; nor anyone who has not been for one year next preceding his election a resident of this State and for three months next preceding his election a resident of the county whence he may be chosen; nor anyone who has been convicted of an infamous crime. Senators shall be at least twenty-five and Representatives at least twenty-one years of age.

Sec. 11. The first election for Senators and Representatives under the provisions of this Constitution shall be held on the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth days of April of the present year, and the second election shall be held on the third Wednes day in October, eighteen hundred and seventy; and forever thereafter on the same day in every second year, in such manner and at such places as the General Assembly may hereafter provide.

Sec. 12. The first session of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be convened on the second Tuesday of May of the present year, in the city of Columbia, (which shall remain the seat of government until otherwise determined by the concurrence of two-thirds of both branches of the whole representation), and thereafter on the fourth Tuesday in November annually. Should the casualties of war or contagious disease render it unsafe to meet at the seat of government, then the Governor may, by proclamation, appoint a more secure and convenient place of meeting.

Sec. 13. The terms of office of the Senators and Representatives chosen at a general election shall begin on the Monday following such election.

Sec. 14. Each house shall judge of the election returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each house

shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as may be provided by law.

Sec. 15. Each house shall choose its own officers, determine its rules of proceeding, punish its members for disorderly behav ior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member, but not a second time for the same cause.

Sec. 16. Each house may punish by imprisonment, during its sitting, any person not a member who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by any disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence, or who, during the time of its sitting, shall threaten harm to body or estate of any member for anything said or done in either house, or who shall assault any of them therefor, or who shall assault or arrest any witness or other person ordered to attend the house, in his going thereto or returning therefrom, or who shall rescue any person arrested by order of the house: Provided, That such time of imprisonment shall not in any case extend beyond the session of the General Assembly.

Sec. 17. The members of both houses shall be protected in their persons and estates during their attendance on, going to and returning from the General Assembly, and ten days previous to the sitting and ten days after the adjournment thereof. But these privileges shall not be extended so as to protect any member who shall be charged with treason, felony or breach of the peace.

Sec. 18. Bills for raising a revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but may be altered, amended or rejected by the Senate; and all other bills may originate in either house, and may be amended, altered or rejected by the

other.

Sec. 19. The style of all laws shall be: "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of South Carolina, now met and sitting in General Assembly, and by the authority of the same."

Sec. 20. Every act or resolution having the force of law shall relate to but one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title.

Sec. 21. No bill shall have the force of law until it shall have been read three times, and on three several days, in each house,