joint resolutions passed by the legislative assembly; immediately before such signing their title shall be publicly read and the fact of signing shall be at once entered on the journal.

Sec. 67. No act of the legislative assembly shall take effect until July 1st after the close of the session, unless in case of emergency (which shall be expressed in the preamble or body of the act), the legislative assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members present in each house, otherwise direct.

Sec. 68. The legislative assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this Constitution.

Sec. 69. The legislative assembly shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases, that is to say:

1. For granting divorces.

2. Laying out, opening, altering or working roads or highways, vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys or public ground. 3. Locating or changing county seats.

4. Regulating county or township affairs.

5. Regulating the practice of courts of justice.

6. Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police magistrates or constables.

7. Changing the rules of evidence in any trial or inquiry.

8. Providing for changes of venue in civil or criminal cases. 9. Declaring any person of age.

10. For limitation of civil actions, or giving effect to informal or invalid deeds.

11. Summoning or impaneling grand or petit juries.

12. Providing for the management of common schools.

13. Regulating the rate of interest on money.

14. The opening or conducting of any election or designating the place of voting.

15. The sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or others under disability.

16. Chartering or licensing ferries, toll bridges or toll roads. 17. Remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures.

18. Creating, increasing or decreasing fees, percentages or allowances of public officers.

19. Changing the law of descent.

20. Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down railroad tracks, or any special or exclusive privilege, immunity of franchise whatever.

21. For the punishment of crimes.

22. Changing the names of persons or places.

23. For the assessment or collection of taxes.

24. Affecting the estates of deceased persons, minors or others under legal disabilities.

25. Extending the time for the collection of taxes.

26. Refunding money into the State treasury.

27. Relinquishing or extinguishing in whole or in part the indebtedness, liability or obligation of any corporation or person to this State, or to any municipal corporation therein.

28. Legalizing, except as against the State, the unauthorized or invalid act of any officer.

29. Exempting property from taxation.

30. Restoring to citizenship persons convicted of infamous crimes.

31. Authorizing the creation, extension or impairing of liens. 32. Creating offices, or prescribing the powers or duties of officers in counties, cities, townships, election or school districts, or authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children.

33. Incorporation of cities, towns or villages, or changing or amending the charter of any town, city or village.

34. Providing for the election of members of the board of supervisors in townships, incorporated towns or cities.

35. The protection of game or fish.

Sec. 70. In all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, no special law shall be enacted; nor shall the legisla tive assembly indirectly enact such special or local law by the partial repeal of a general law; but laws repealing local or special acts may be passed.

ARTICLE III.

Executive Department.

Sec. 71. The executive power shall be vested in a Governor, who shall reside at the seat of government, and shall hold his office for the term of two years, and until his successor is elected and duly qualified.

Sec. 72. A Lieutenant-Governor shall be elected at the same time and for the same term as the Governor. In case of the death, impeachment, resignation, failure to qualify, absence from the State, removal from office, or the disability of the

Governor, the powers and duties of the office for the residue of the term, or until he shall be acquitted, or the disability be removed, shall devolve upon the Lieutenant-Governor.

Sec. 73. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieutenant-Governor unless he be a citizen of the United States and a qualified elector of the State, who shall have attained the age of thirty years, and who shall have resided five years next preceding the election within the State or Territory, nor shall he be eligible to any other office during the term for which he shall have been elected.

Sec. 74. The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at the time and places of choosing members of the legislative assembly. The persons having the highest number of votes for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, respectively, shall be declared elected, but if two or more shall have an equal and highest number of votes for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, the two houses of the legislative assembly, at its next regular session, shall forthwith by joint ballot, choose one of such persons for said office. The returns of the election for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor shall be made in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 75. The Governor shall be commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces of the State, except when they shall be called into the service of the United States, and may call out. the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection and repel invasion. He shall have power to convene the legislative assembly on extraordinary occasions. He shall, at the commencement of each session, communicate to the legislative assembly by message, information of the condition of the State, and recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient. He shall transact all necessary business with the officers of the government, civil and military. He shall expedite all such measures as may be resolved upon by the legislative assembly, and shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.

Sec. 76. The Governor shall have power to remit fines and forfeitures, to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons after conviction, for all offenses except treason and cases of impeachment; but the legislative assembly may by law regulate the manner in which the remission of fines, pardons, commutations and reprieves may be applied for. Upon conviction for treason, he shall have power to suspend the execution of sentence until

the case shall be reported to the legislative assembly at its next regular session, when the legislative assembly shall either pardon or commute the sentence, direct the execution of the sentence, or grant further reprieve. He shall communicate to the legis lative assembly at each regular session each case of remission of fine, reprieve, commutation or pardon granted by him, stating the name of the convict, the crime for which he is convicted, the sentence and its date, and the date of the remission, commutation, pardon or reprieve, with his reason for granting the

same.

Sec. 77. The Lieutenant-Governor shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. If, during the vacancy in the office of Governor, the LieutenantGovernor shall be impeached, displaced, resign or die, or from mental or physical disease, or otherwise, become incapable of performing the duties of his office, the Secretary of State shall act as Governor until the vacancy shall be filled or the disability removed.

Sec. 78. When any office shall, from any cause, become vacant, and no mode is provided by the Constitution or law for filling such vacancy, the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy by appointment.

Sec. 79. Every bill which shall have passed the legislative assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor. If he approve, he shall sign, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it originated, which shall enter the objections at large upon the journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, twothirds of the members elect shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if it be approved by two-thirds of the members elect, it shall become a law; but in all such cases the vote of both houses shall be determined by the yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and against the bill shall be entered upon the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within three days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, unless the legislative assembly, by its adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall be a law, unless he shall file the same, with his objec tions, in the office of the Secretary of State, within fifteen days after such adjournment.

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Sec. 80. The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items, or part or parts of any bill making appropriations of money or property embracing distinct items, and the part or parts of the bill approved shall be the law, and the item or items, and part or parts disapproved shall be void, unless enacted the following manner: If the legislative assembly be in session, he shall transmit to the house in which the bill originated, a copy of the item or items, or part or parts thereof disapproved, together with his objections thereto, and the items or parts objected to shall be separately reconsidered, and each item or part shall then take the same course as is prescribed for the passage of bills over the executive veto.

Sec. 81. Any Governor of this State who asks, receives or agrees to receive any bribe upon any understanding that his official opinion, judgment or action shall be influenced thereby, or who gives or offers, or promises his official influence in consideration that any member of the legislative assembly shall give his official vote or influence on any particular side of any question or matter upon which he may be required to act in his official capacity, or who menaces any member by the threatened use of his veto power, or who offers or promises any member that he, the said Governor, will appoint any particular person or persons to any office created or thereafter to be created, in consideration that any member shall give his official vote or influence on any matter pending or thereafter to be introduced into either house of said legislative assembly, or who threatens any member that he, the said Governor, will remove any person or persons from office or position with intent in any manner to influence the action of said member, shall be punished in the manner now or that may hereafter be provided by law, and upon conviction thereof, shall forfeit all right to hold or exercise any office of trust or honor in this State.

Sec. 82. There shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the State, at the times and places of choosing members of the legislative assembly, a Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Insurance, three Commissioners of Railroads, an Attorney-General and one Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor, who shall have attained the age of twenty-five years, shall be citizens of the United States, and shall have the qualifications of State electors.