weights and measures used in the markets. Here are also two moderators, two fcrutators, a commiffary, a public orator, two public librarians, a register, a school keeper, three efquire beadles, eighteen profeffors, with a yeoman beadle, who attends on all public occafions, and the caput, which confifts of the vicechancellor, a doctor of divinity, a doctor of laws, a doctor of phyfic, a regent, a non-regent, a master of arts, chofen annually on the 12th of October. The University confifts of twelve colleges, and four halls; but though they are distinguished by different names, the privileges of the colleges and halls are in every respect the fame.-As to the antiquity of the Univerfity of Cambridge, we have no account of it generally allowed to be authentic, that goes further back than the reign of Henry the First, who fucceeded William Rufus in August 1100. About this time the monaftery of Croyland, in Lincolnshire, being confumed by fire, Geoffrey the abbot, who was poffeffed of the manor of Catenham, near Cambridge, fent thither Giflebert, his profeffor of divinity, and three other monks. These monks being well skilled in philofophy and the sciences, went daily to Cambridge, where they hired a barn, and read public lectures. A number of scholars were foon brought together, and in less than two years were fo multiplied, that there was not a house, barn, or church in the place, large enough to hold them. Inns and halls were foon built for the accommodation of students. But many of the scholars used to board and lodge with the housekeepers in the town, and attended the lectures of the different profeffors, in the halls which were built for that purpose. And there is a hall now remaining, ftill called Pythagoras's school, fituated on the weft fide of the river, which was one of the first used for the before-mentioned purpose, and which is the only one now left undemolished. It was in this hall that Erafmus read his lectures on the Greek language. But we now proceed to give an account of the several colleges and halls in their present state. PETER HOUSE COLLEGE was founded in 1257, in the reign of King Henry III. by Hugh Balfham, prior of Ely; at which time it was nothing more than commodious lodgings for the ftudents. But in 1284, when the founder was made bishop of that fee, he endowed it for a master and fourteen fellows. The name of the college is derived from St. Peter's church, in the neighbourhood of which it is fituated. This college confifts of two courts, feparated by a cloyster and gallery, the largest being one hundred and forty-four feet long, and eighty-four feet broad. All the buildings in this court have been within these few years cafed with ftone, in an elegant man ner, 1 ket-place is fituated in the middle of the town; and the fhirehall, which was erected at the expence of the nobility and gentry of the county, is eighty feet in length, thirty-four in breadth, and thirty-three in height. The ancient town-hall is at the back of the fhire-hall; and in the market-place is a pillar of the Ionic order, called the crofs, on the top of which is a globe gilt. In the front of the town-hall ftands an handsome ftone conduit, inclofed with an iron palifade, to which water is bought by an aqueduct, which was firft erected by the famous Hobfon, the Cambridge carrier, whom Milton has celebrated in his poems, and who is faid to have been the first person who ever let hackney horfes in England. There has lately been erect ed here a large houfe, for a county hospital, on which four thoufand pounds have been expended, pursuant to the will of Dr. Addenbroke, late fellow of Catharine Hall, who left it to the care of Trustees. Cambridge is about a mile in length, from fouth to north, and about half a mile broad in the middle. When the town is viewed from the west the profpect is exceedingly magnificent, as the colleges with their fine groves, gardens, and inclofures, all prefent themselves to the eye; and the fituation on the banks of the river, which looks like an artificial canal, with the several bridges over it, all confpire to heighten the beauty of the scene. THE UNIVERSITY Is one of the most flourishing feminaries of learning in the world, and is particularly diftinguished for the great attention that is paid here to the cultivation of natural knowledge, together with all the different branches of the mathematics. It is governed by a chancellor, a high-fteward, two proctors. and two taxors. All these officers are chofen by the University. The chancellor is always a peer of the realm, and generally continues in his office for life, by the tacit confent of the university, though As the chancelthree years. a new choice may be made every lor is a perfon of fo high a rank, it is not expected or intended, that he should execute the office; but he has not the power of appointing his fubftitute: a vice-chancellor is chosen annually, on the third of November, by the univerfity; he is always the head of fome college, the heads of the colleges returning two The high of their body, of which the univerfity elects one. fteward is chosen by the fenate, and holds his place by a patent from the univerfity. The proctors and taxors are allo chofen every year from the feveral colleges and halls by turns. the business of the proctors to infpect into the behaviour of the tudents; and they, in conjunction with the taxors, regulate the It is weights weights and measures used in the markets. Here are also two moderators, two fcrutators, a commiffary, a public orator, two public librarians, a register, a school keeper, three efquire beadles, eighteen profeffors, with a yeoman beadle, who attends on all public occafions, and the caput, which confifts of the vicechancellor, a doctor of divinity, a doctor of laws, a doctor of phyfic, a regent, a non-regent, a master of arts, chosen annually on the 12th of October. The University confifts of twelve colleges, and four halls; but though they are diftinguished by different names, the privileges of the colleges and halls are in every refpect the fame.-As to the antiquity of the University of Cambridge, we have no account of it generally allowed to be authentic, that goes further back than the reign of Henry the First, who fucceeded William Rufus in August 1100. About this time the monaftery of Croyland, in Lincolnshire, being confumed by fire, Geoffrey the abbot, who was poffeffed of the manor of Catenham, near Cambridge, fent thither Giflebert, his profeffor of divinity, and three other monks. These monks being well skilled in philofophy and the sciences, went daily to Cambridge, where they hired a barn, and read public lectures. A number of fcholars were foon brought together, and in less than two years were so multiplied, that there was not a house, barn, or church in the place, large enough to hold them. Inns and halls were foon built for the accommodation of students. But many of the fcholars used to board and lodge with the housekeepers in the town, and attended the lectures of the different profeffors, in the halls which were built for that purpose. And there is a hall now remaining, still called Pythagoras's school, fituated on the weft fide of the river, which was one of the first used for the before-mentioned purpose, and which is the only one now left undemolished. It was in this hall that Erasmus read his lectures on the Greek language. But we now proceed to give an account of the several colleges and halls in their present state. PETER HOUSE COLLEGE was founded in 1257, in the reign of King Henry III. by Hugh Balfham, prior of Ely; at which time it was nothing more than commodious lodgings for the students. But in 1284, when the founder was made bishop of that fee, he endowed it for a master and fourteen fellows. The name of the college is derived from St. Peter's church, in the neighbourhood of which it is fituated. This college confifts of two courts, feparated by a cloyster and gallery, the largest being one hundred and forty-four feet long, and eighty-four feet broad. All the buildings in this court have been within these few years cafed with ftone, in an elegant man ner, ner, fo that at prefent they make a very handfome appearance. The leffer court is fituated next the firect, and is divided by the chapel, a fine Gothic building, forty-four feet long, twenty-feven broad, and twenty-feven high. This college has a matter, twenty-two fellows, and forty-two scholars. CLARE HALL was founded in the year 1340, at which time Richard Badew, the chancellor, being affifled by the generous benefactions of Lady Elizabeth Clare, then Countess of Ulfter, not only built, but endowed it on the ruins of a house which he had built fixteen years before, for the reception of such students as were willing to live there at their own expence; but at last, by fome accident, it was deftroyed by fire. In process of time, by the affittance of fome additional benefactions, the endowment was greatly enlarged. It has been nobly rebuilt, and is finely fituated on the eastern bank of the river, over which it has an elegant ftone bridge, leading to a fine vifta, beyond which is a beautiful lawn. This delightful fpot is much reforted to on fummer evenings, where, on the one hand, are elegant buildings, gardens, groves, and the river; and, on the other, corn-fields to a very great extent. Clare Hall has a master, eighteen fellows, and fixty-three fcholars. PEMBROKE HALL was founded in the year 1347, by Mary St. Paul, Countcts of Pembroke, whofe husband, Audoinare de Valentia, Earl of Pembroke, lost his lite in a tournament on the very day he was married to her. Upon this misfortune, being inconfolable for his death, the inftantly withdrew from the world; and, amongst other acts of munificence, the establithed this Hall. It confits of two courts, cach being ninety-fix feet long, and fifty-four broad. The chapel was built after a defign of Sir Christopher Wren, and is esteemed an elegant edifice. This .Hall has a mafter, five fellows, and thirteen fcholars. CORPUS CHRISTI, or BENEDICT COLLEGE, is a long fquare of buildings, containing two courts, and four rows of lodgings. It was founded by the united guilds, or fraternities of Corpus Chrifli, and the Bleffed Virgin, who through the interelt of Henry of Monmouth, Duke of Lancafter, procured leave of Henry II. that their aldermen fhould be authorized to ered and endow this college. It takes its name from the church of St. Benedict, that lands contiguous to it. The chapel of the college, and the library, are both under the fame roof. The latter contains a valuable collection of antient manufcripts, which were preferved at the diffolution of the religious houfes, and given |