fentatives for the university, and two burgefies for the town of Cambridge. E LY. This antient city is fixty-nine miles from London, fituated in the fenny part of Cambridgelbire, called the ile of Ely; and being furrounded by the Oufe and other fireanis, is unhealthy, though it ftands on a rifing ground. It is governed by the Bifhop, who has not only the ecclefiaftical, but civil jurisdiction; and though a city, it is not reprefented in parliament; two particulars in which it differs from every other city in the kingdom. The fovereignty of Ely was fettled upon the bithop by Henry the Firft, who alfo made Cambridgeshire his diocefe, which before was part of the diocefe of Lincoln. From this time the bithop appointed a Judge to determine all caufes, whether civil or criminal, that fhould arife within his Ile, till the time of Henry the Eighth, who took that privilege away; and therefore the bifhop's power in civil affairs is now much cartailed. The city of Ely is neither beautiful nor populous. The cathedral and bishop's palace are its chief ornaments; the former has a remarkable dome and lanthorn, fuppofed to be the only work of its kind in Europe, which feems to totter with every gut of wind. The church is four hundred feet high, has a tower at the weft end of it about two hundred feet high, and was a nonaftery in the time of the Saxons. The chief ftreet, which is on the caft fide of the city, is full of fprings, which generally overflow from one to another, all the way down the hall. This city is fo encompafico with gardens, that all the county-towns in the neighbourhood, especially Cambridge ani St. Ives, are fupplied with garden ftuff from hence. They are particularly noted for vaft quantities of ftrawberries. CAMBRIDGE. This is the county-town, and is fituated on the river Cam, which divides the town into two parts, that are joined by a large ftone bridge. It is fifty-two miles from London, and is a very antient town, being well known in the tune of the Romans by the name of Camboritum William the Norman built a caftle here, of which the gate-houfe is ftill ftanding, and used for the county gaol. There are fourteen parifbes in this town, about twelve hundred houfes, and the inhabitants are computed at fix thousand. The government of the town is veled in a mayor, high-fteward, recorder, twelve alderinen, twenty four commoncouncil-men, with a town clerk, and other officers. The mar ket-place is fituated in the middle of the town; and the fhirehall, which was erected at the expence of the nobility and gentry of the county, is eighty feet in length, thirty-four in breadth, and thirty-three in height. The ancient town-hall is at the back of the fhire-hall; and in the market-place is a pillar of the Ionic order, called the cross, on the top of which is a globe gilt. In the front of the town-hall stands an handsome Itone conduit, inclofed with an iron palifade, to which water is bought by an aqueduct, which was firft erected by the famous Hobfon, the Cambridge carrier, whom Milton has celebrated in his poems, and who is faid to have been the firft person who ever let hackney horfes in England. There has lately been erect. ed here a large houfe, for a county hofpital, on which four thoufand pounds have been expended, purfuant to the will of Dr. Addenbroke, late fellow of Catharine Hall, who left it to the care of Trustees. Cambridge is about a mile in length, from fouth to north, and about half a mile broad in the middle. When the town is viewed from the weft the profpect is exceedingly magnificent, as the colleges with their fine groves, gardens, and inclosures, all prefent themselves to the eye; and the fituation on the banks of the river, which looks like an artificial canal, with the feveral bridges over it, all confpire to heighten the beauty of the scene. Is one of the most flourishing feminaries of learning in the world, and is particularly diftinguifhed for the great attention that is paid here to the cultivation of natural knowledge, together with all the different branches of the mathematics. It is governed by a chancellor, a high-fteward, two proctors. and two taxors. All these officers are chosen by the University. The chancellor is always a peer of the realm, and generally continues in his office for life, by the tacit confent of the university, though a new choice may be made every three years. As the chancellor is a person of fo high a rank, it is not expected or intended, that he should execute the office; but he has not the power of appointing his substitute: a vice-chancellor is chofen annually, on the third of November, by the univerfity; he is always the head of fome college, the heads of the colleges returning two of their body, of which the univerfity elects one. The high fteward is chofen by the fenate, and holds his place by a patent from the univerfity. The proctors and taxors are allo chofen every year from the feveral colleges and halls by turns. It is the business of the proctors to infpect into the behaviour of the Atudents; and they, in conjunction with the taxors, regulate the weights |