HOLDERS, THE GOVERNMENT, THE CHURCH AND THE PRESS.

"WE THE WORKERS OF THE WORLD, HAVE COMMITTED A GREAT CRIME AGAINST YOU RUSSIAN WORKERS, BY REMAINING SILENT AND SUBMISSIVE, BUT NOW WE WILL SUBMIT AND KEEP SILENT NO LONGER! WE WILL BEGIN TO ACT NOT ONLY TO SAFEGUARD YOUR FREEDOM BUT ALSO TO FREE OURSELVES!"

"Workers of America! Unite into Workers Soviets everywhere, get ready to respond to the call of the GENERAL STRIKE THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY for that great day will mark the beginning of the social revolution. The Workers Soviets of Russia shall never be destroyed!

"Their destruction means our continuation in slavery! "Their victory means our liberation and the liberation of the workers of the World!

"Therefore we call upon the WORKERS OF ALL COUNTRIES AND UPON THE WORKERS OF AMERICA TO ACT!!

"AND ACT AT ONCE!!"

One of the typical handbills is as follows:

"REFUSE to LOAD AMMUNITION!

To You Transport and Marine Workers:

"At last the news leaked out from Washington that the United States government of capitalism is secretly, without the knowledge of the American Workers, preparing within the next few days to smuggle on the Vladimir ship now at Brooklyn 28,000 rifles and 3,000,000 rounds of ammunition, besides the ordinary cargo of 'farm implements.'

"It also leaked out that 80,000 more rifles with millions of rounds of ammunition, are being shipped from various depots to San Francisco, to be transported to the allies 'favorite' the czars follower Kolchak.

"It also becomes quite clear now that all the arms ordered by the old czar, will be shipped to the new czar Kolchak, whose barbarity surpasses even the Spanish inquisition a HUMAN BEAST that could bungle together

overloaded cars, with men, women and children and keep this TRAIN OF DEATH RUNNING FOR WEEKS TILL EVERYONE IN THESE CARS DIED, ROTTING ONE ON TOP OF ANOTHER!

"This beast Kolchak who FORCES members of the Russian workers communes TO DIG THEIR OWN GRAVES, and whom the Allies and the double-faced 'innocent,' coldblooded-liar-murder-hypocrite Woodrow Wilson, have decided by the order of capitalism to furnish him, with all the money and ammunition needed, until he will succeed in destroying the Workers Commune Soviets of Russia.

"THE STEVEDORS OF ITALY, FRANCE AND ENGLAND HAVE PREVENTED THE SHIPMENT OF ANY AMMUNITION FOR MURDERING RUSSIAN WORKERS, BY SIMPLY REFUSING HANDLE ANY GUNS OR AMMUNITION TENDED FOR SUCH PURPOSES!

TO IN

"French, Italian, English, Canadian and American soldiers are being withdrawn from Russia, because THEY HAVE REFUSED TO MURDER RUSSIAN WORKERS, FOR NO OTHER REASON, THAN, OF COL LECTING WAR DEBTS FOR CAPITALISM, which, is willing to KILL EVERY WORKER-BUT NOT ONE CAPITALIST in order to accomplish this 'holy' mission. "What will your answer and action be, Transport and Marine Workers of America?

"Are you going to help handling guns and ammunition, for to murder our brother workers of Russia, or, are you going to stand up like the workers of all countries and refuse

to do it?

"When you, the TRANSPORT AND MARINE WORKERS are asked to handle or load any murder implements to be used against workers, then, either REFUSE TO DO IT, or DUMP ALL THE GUNS AND AMMUNITION INTO THE RIVERS!

"Let the message echo throughout the entire world, that; the American Workers REFUSE TO LEND ANY HELP WHATSOEVER IN CRUSHING THE ASPIRATIONS OF THE COURAGEOUS STRUGGLING WORKING CLASS OF ANY EUROPEAN COUNTRY AGAINST

THEIR ENSLAVERS-- CAPITALISM SUPPORTED
BY ITS GOVERNMENTS!

"TRANSPORT

and MARINE WORKERS

of

America! YOUR ACTION OF SOLIDARITY towards our brother workers, will mean that American capitalism will NOT BE ABLE TO SEND ANY MURDER IMPLEMENTS for to be used in CRUSHING THE STRUGGLING WORKERS OF EUROPE.

"AMERICAN ANARCHIST FEDERATED

COMMUNE SOVIETS.”

In conclusion, the interesting feature of this movement is the similarity of its methods and tactics with those of the Socialist Party, Communist groups and I. W. W.:

(1) It stands for the international solidarity of the working class. This is well-illustrated by the quotations from the propaganda which we have given, and also by the words of Emma Goldman during her trial: "Tell all friends that we will not waver, that we will not compromise, and that if the worst comes we shall go to prison in the proud consciousness that we have remained faithful to the spirit of internationalism and to the solidarity of all the people of the world." (See "Mother Earth," Vol. 12, No. 5, page 129, July, 1917.)

(2) It advocates industrial unionism as the best instrument for affecting the social revolution.

(3) It advocates direct action, meaning thereby the general strike and sabotage.

(4) It sympathizes with and supports Soviet Russia.

(5) It advocates amnesty for so-called political prisoners. (6) It advocates the raising of the Russian Blockade.

CHAPTER III
Anarcho-Syndicalism

These

As distinguished from the isolated groups which advocate doctrines of theoretical anarchism, and the doctrine of the anarchist Communist to which we have referred, there are other groups of anarchists which may be classified as anarcho-syndicalists. groups are at one with the other anarchists in the principles sought to be attained, but differ in the methods advocated, in that they believe that success in attaining their objective can only come through co-ordinated organization, working exclusively in industrial unions. These principles differentiate them in large measure from the Syndicalist group, which is described in the subsection dealing with industrial unionism.

The principal representative of this group in this country is the Union of Russian Workers, which had its headquarters at 133 East 15th street, New York City, in what was known as the Russian People's House, although this organization might be classed with almost equal propriety with the anarchist Communists.

This union was organized in 1914 as a split from the more conservative organizations of the Russian laborers. By the spring of 1919 its membership had increased to about 7,000; and when its headquarters were searched under search warrants issued at the request of this Committee, the record showed that it had slightly over 9,000 members scattered throughout the entire United States in seventy locals. Seventeen locals had been organized in Canada, the largest locals in this country being located in Detroit, Chicago, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City.

The New York Local had a dues-paying membership of 237. Two membership cards were issued to each of the members, one known as the blue card, with simply the name of the member and the local of which he was a member, and with the reverse having blanks reserved for membership dues, stamps, and what was known as a red card, which contained the following statement:

"Amicable agreement of the Unions of Russian Workers of the United States and Canada, who have united in the Federation.

Purposes of the Federation

"1. The Unification of the organizations of Russian Workers in the United States and Canada for the joint struggle with capital and authority.

"2. The support of the liberative movement in Russia. "3. The support of the revolutionary departures of the American workers.

"4. Moral and material support of the organ of the Federation, and

"5. The creation of organizations where there are none and the support of the old existing organizations."

In the early spring the headquarters of this organization had been raided by the Bomb Squad of the New York Police Force, and at that time membership cards were found which contained a statement of the organization's principles, including the overthrow of the government by force and violence. It was evident that subsequent to that raid the organization had issued the membership cards from which these violent provisions were eliminated.

The official organ of this organization was known as "Khlieb-yVolya" (meaning Bread and Freedom), and was characterized by the extreme violence of its articles. The books and the papers which came into the hands of the Committee indicated that this paper had a circulation of 4,547. The union also published a large number of books, pamphlets, leaflets and handbills to spread their propaganda among Russian laborers. All of their publications were in the Russian language.

The secretary of the organization at this period was Naum Stepanuk, but the moving spirit and actual leader was Peter Bianki, a Russian of Italian parentage.

The college of editors which supervised the publication of "Khlieb-y-Volya," and the preparation and dissemination of the propaganda literature, included Marcus Orodowsky, Peter Bianki, Peter Kravchuk, Hyman Percus and several others.

As an illustration of the propaganda issued by this group we give here a translation made from the May 8, 1919, issue of Khlieb-y-Volya" on page 4, entitled "The Law of Truth," which deals with the trial of Cottin, who had attempted to assassinate Clemenceau.

"One more of the bold and loyal sons of the oppressed masses has gone to jail for an ideal as old as time is old,