Orthographical expedients are devices by which the deficiencies of an alphabet are supplied. Accent is the stress of the voice laid upon a syllable in a word. Emphasis is the stress of the voice laid upon a word or words in a sentence. Metathesis is a transposition of letters in a word. Umlaut is the modification of a root-vowel owing to the influence of a suffix. Changes in words arising from a desire to economise effort in speech are said to be due to Euphony. A Vowel is a sound by the aid of which any consonantal sound can be audibly produced. A Consonant is a sound which will not enable us to produce audibly sounds which are by themselves almost inaudible. A Diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds in the same syllable. APPENDIX II. PASSAGES FOR ANALYSIS. 1. Who is this?—Why are you so late?—Give me your hand.—To bliss domestic he his heart resigned.-There is said to have been a battle. He will succeed or die.-Twilight's soft dews steal o'er the village green. Let me stay at home. His horse being killed, he was taken prisoner. Your voiceless lips, O flowers, are living preachers. 2. Whatever the consequences may be, I shall go my way.-Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.-No other allegorist has ever been able to make abstractions objects of terror, of pity, and of love.-None but the brave deserves the fair.-This is made of the same material as that. 3. Who will undertake it, if it be not also a service of honour?Won is the glory, and the grief is past.—It is not true that he said that. -Plain living and high thinking are no more.-To the great virtues of that gentleman I shall always join with my country in paying a just tribute of applause. 4. 5. I am monarch of all I survey, My right there is none to dispute. Sweet was the sound, when oft, at evening's close, And Freedom shrieked as Kosciusko fell. 6. Hope for a season bade the world farewell, 8. 9. Where danced the moon on Monan's rill, In lone Glenartney's hazel shade. He that has light within his own clear breast 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage; A free and quiet mind can take High on a throne of royal state Last noon beheld them full of lusty light; The World is too much with us: late and soon, We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! Descending, we pursued our homeward course, Full many a gem of purest ray serene, The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear; In this poor gown my dear lord found me first, And bid me cast it. The heights, by great men reached and kept, But they, while their companions slept, Then burst his mighty heart; And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell. 22. How happy is he born and taught, Whose armour is his honest thought, And statesmen at her council met Who knew the seasons when to take The bounds of freedom wider yet. When the men who were exploring the pit ascertained that the water had reached a certain level, they knew that the imprisoned colliers could not be rescued without great difficulty. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Soon as the evening shades prevail, The moon takes up the wondrous tale, Whilst all the stars that round her burn, And spread the truth from pole to pole. And travelled through the wood with no one near. Intermit no watch Against a wakeful foe, while I, abroad, Through all the coasts of dark destruction seek The lively Grecian, in a land of hills, Rivers and fertile plains, and sounding shores, Could find commodious place for every god, Thus with the year Seasons return: but not to me returns Day, or the sweet approach of even or noon, 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Breathes there the man with soul so dead, This is my own, my native land! From wandering on a foreign strand? That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high, As travellers oft look back at eve Still faint behind them glowing,- Of joy that's left behind us. But whilst, unconscious of the silent change |