are sprang le later in the ce of official oad occurred upon its im African proDuring the sway about a n of fourteen ical, and the olonial spirit empire in the year by the engaged in me time she Asia. He ion of New rea of over tive popula ole territor es, and in o onwards. expedition ssessions in Eritrea and 1 and Bel v imperial m imperial of Holland n imperial she takes the north, th, which principally Asiatic in its achievements, and has proceeded by direct ex- The recent entrance of the powerful and progressive nation The Un The manner in which the Christian missionaries, especially the women, are able, by tact, patience, and example, to change the habits of the people among whom they work, and to introduce Western ideas, is well illustrated by the policy of a member of the American Presbyterian mission in Canton, China, Dr. Mary H. Fulton, who writes as follows: mission ideas a custom I am doing what little I can in my small sphere to show an 359. Ma applied Christianity. In the first place, I try always to be neat in which in dress. This invariably calls out complimentary remarks. spread The Chinese women at once compare my pretty and fresh, Wester though cheap, dress with their silken (and generally soiled) robes. Then they notice my clean, short finger nails, and through contrast them with their long ones,- often a finger in length, which indicate that they are ladies of leisure. They at once want to know why I dress so differently from them. It is an Christi easy step to tell them that God, who made us, has put women Mission into the world for use, and not merely to live to adorn our bodies, and that there are many poor suffering children and the wo (from Dennis' and So Progres 360. How iams revolu others who need our help. If we have such long nails and bound feet, we cannot go about to help them. They all assent to this, and generally there is an inquiry on the part of some one present if she cannot have her feet unbound. Then you should hear the clamor! A dozen will admonish the one who has been so bold as to propose such a thing. Had she lost all her modesty that she wanted to go about like a man? Now you will laugh, but all my arguments are as nothing compared with showing them a well-fitting, pretty foreign boot or shoe. I have always thought, since feet are such a momentous question in this land, that we should be very careful to make our own as presentable as possible. To see us start off quickly and gracefully and go through the streets so independently often makes them desirous of imitating us, especially when they see women hobbling along painfully, or being carried on the backs of others. The same is true of our homes. I try to make mine attractive in its simplicity. I have a weekly prayer meeting here just because I want to show my home to these women who have never seen cleanliness and order in their dark, damp, crowded quarters. I give them, after the meeting, tea and sponge cake, served in pretty cups and plates. Simple as all this is, it lifts them up and out of their sordid surroundings, for the time being, at least, and, I hope, will lead them to make their own houses more homelike. I always urge those coming under my influence to try and be as clean as possible, and I am happy to say that I observe year by year an increasing tendency to the use of foreign soap and handkerchiefs. The two following extracts show what can be done among far less highly civilized peoples than the Chinese. It was in 1818 that Mr. Williams settled at Raiatea, in the Rev. Mr.Wil- Society Islands, under the famous chief Tamatoa. The inhabitants welcomed them with every demonstration of delight, and provided a great feast, which included five hogs for Mr. Williams, five hogs for Mrs. Williams, and five hogs for the baby! With characteristic energy and practical common sense Mr. Williams devoted himself to stimulating the people to all tionized a town in the Society Islands kinds of good works. Apparently there was nothing that he The main settlement of the natives lay in an exposed posi- the New In 1844 Rev. Charles Hardie with Rev. G. Turner, who A missi in the previous year had been obliged to flee for his life from school i the island of Tanna in the New Hebrides, established a self- Hebride supporting boarding school for higher education at Malua, on the island of Upolu. They purchased three hundred acres of land covered with wild jungle and bordering on a lagoon, erected buildings, and enrolled one hundred students, in classes of twenty-five, for a four years' course of study. With the aid of the students the land was cleared of brush and planted with ten thousand breadfruit and cocoanut trees, thousands of bananas and yams, taro, maize, manioc, and sugar cane; and a road was made in circuit around the tract, and shaded by cocoanut palms. Besides cultivating the soil and catching fish from the lagoon, the students learned useful mechanical arts. The produce of the land and the fish of the lagoon supplied all their wants. In this school pupils were received from the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and the Savage Islands as well as from the Samoa Islands. In few fields have the missionaries been more strikingly successful than in carrying throughout the world modern scientific ideas of the nature, treatment, and prevention of disease. Rev. James S. Dennis, in his important Christian Missions and Social Progress, published in 1899, gives the following information: I. Medical d mission y hospitals The total of medical missionaries at present is 680; of this issionaries number 470 are men and 210 women. There are 45 medical schools and classes with 382 male and 79 female students, making a total of 461. There are 21 training schools for nurses, with 146 pupils. Neither of these statements includes 240 female medical students now in training as physicians, nurses, and hospital assistants, under the care of the Lady Dufferin Association of India. There are 348 hospitals and 774 dispensaries. . . . The sum total of those annually treated will not be far from 2,500,000. There are 97 leper asylums, homes, and settlements, with 5453 inmates. There are 227 orphan and foundling asylums, with 14,695 inmates. The statistics of temperance-reform and rescue societies have not been obtained with sufficient exactness to report at present. The same may be said of children's aid societies, prison-reform movements, and less prominent charities. ow Chris n benevo ce stimuces the unding of aritable stitutions Missionary hospitals have led to the founding of native societies, in order that Christianity may be met on its own grounds and conquered with its own weapons. The Chinese Benevolent Society of Canton is a most noteworthy institution. . . . There are four native doctors in attendance at the the heathen central building. These men prescribe for all comers. Their Rev. T. W. diagnosis is, of course, from a Western point of view, incomplete and often absurd. There is, however, the fact of an oted by institution known throughout China, with a yearly expendS. Dennis) iture amounting to thousands of dollars, and with branches in different parts of the suburbs of Canton and in country districts. earce of ongkong, Here again is an indirect result of Christianity manifest in the alleviation of suffering through heathen benevolence brought into play by the opposing force of Christian missions. Before missions were established in the south of China private benevolence was no doubt exercised by many of the wealthy Chinese. Some of these may have combined to heal the sick, to help the destitute and famine-stricken, and to bestow coffins as gifts when deserving families among their neighbors were found without the means to bury their dead. But anything in the ; of this 45 med students, Or nurses, des 240 5, nurses, Dufferin dispen will not homes, orphan istics of btained me may ements, native ts own Chinese nstitu at the Their com of an pend nches untry est in ught efore evo ese. the gifts und the nature of a public society organized for the express purpose of Section 102. Relations of Europe with China From time to time during the eighteenth century and the early years of the nineteenth, the English sought in vain to obtain from China larger trading privileges than those afforded at the single port of Canton under the vigilant eye of Chinese officials. The commercial advantages which they thus tried to secure by negotiation were at last obtained as the result of the conflict known as the "Opium War." Traffic in opium had been long forbidden by the Chinese government, but the English, finding the business exceedingly profitable, continued to smuggle the drug into China. In 1839 the Imperial High Commissioner, Lin, was charged with suppressing the traffic at all hazards, and, after warning the foreigners in the following proclamation to deliver up the opium which they held illegally, he seized and burned many thousand chests of the drug, thus precipitating a serious conflict. First. You ought to make haste and deliver up the opium, 362. Re by virtue of that reason which Heaven hath implanted in all for the of us. I find that during the last several tens of years, the proclam ordering money out of which you have duped our people by means foreigne of destructive drug amounts I know not to how your many tens of thousands of myriads. Thus, while you have been smuggl scheming after private advantage, with minds solely bent on into Chi profit, our people have been wasting their substance and losing (1839) their lives; and if the reason of Heaven be just, think you there will be no retribution? If, however, you will now repent and deliver up your opium, by a well-timed repentance you may yet avert judgment and calamities; if not, then your that to deliv up opiu (conden |