at once, and tell its meaning. Remember that the best way to know the kinds of words is to see the kinds of things for which they stand. Try and see them in the objects in this room.

INSTRUCTION XXIV.

MORE ABOUT THE KINDS OF WORDS.

A REVIEW OF THE KINDS OF WORDS.

A happy fireside! What a warm sight it is! Parents are blessing their children, and children are pleasing their parents. It was so in the Cadmus family.

Father, said Wilmer, I know the nine kinds of words. I named them over to-day.

Oh no, said Professor Cadmus; you do not mean to say that you know them. You only know TWO THINGS about them. Only two things! This is something, my son. You know their NAMES, and what they STAND FOR.

But stop! let me see if you know their names.

Wilmer began, and named them. The noun, adjective, conjunction, preposition, verb, adverb, pronoun, article, and interjection.

Very correct, said Professor Cadmus. I am glad, my son, to find that you have a good memory. Let me tell you now what they stand for. The noun stands for THINGS; the adjective for QUALITIES; the conjunction for the CONNECTION of things; the preposition for the RELATION of things; the verb for what a thing DOES; the adverb for MANNER ; the pronoun for a NOUN; the article for the LIMITS of a thing, and the interjection for an EMOTION.

Father, said Wilmer, will you now tell me what more I have to learn about the kinds of words? I know their names, and what they stand for.

HOW TO DISTINGUISH AND USE THE KINDS OF WORDS.

Only two things, said Professor Cadmus, remain to be known. You can distinguish one kind of word from another. You can point out the noun, or the adjective, or verb, and also what each one stands for. You can do this, as you point out the Durand, or Jay, or Wade family. Now, Wilmer, can you point out each member in the Durand family?

Yes, father, said Wilmer. There is George, and Jane, and Robert, and Nina. There is Mr. and Mrs. Durand.

It is just so, said Professor Cadmus, with the kinds of words. Every kind is a family. Now, Wilmer, you distinguished the members of the Durand family by MARKS, such as age, and size, and form. So you must distinguish the noun family of words. So you must distinguish the nine families of words.

Father, what are the marks called?

They are called DISTINCTIONS or properties, said Professor Cadmus. They are the same as the things for which they stand. Every word, like a true painting, has the features of the thing for which it stands.

Any thing more? asked Wilmer,

There is one thing more, said Professor Cadmus. It is their USE. Each member of the Durand family has his work. There is a place for each, and something to be done in it. So it is with every word in the noun family, and in

all the others. There is a place for it, and also a USE. This will be learned by practice.

Father, I think I understand you. I am ready to learn. all about them.

Enough to-night, my son. You know two things about them their names, and what they stand for.

Two things

It remains

remain to be known-their distinctions and use. to know one noun from another, as you know a noun from an adjective. It remains to know this of each kind of words. It will be easy. I will show it to you in conversation, as I have often showed you birds, stones, and trees, in nature. You will learn the DISTINCTIONS and USES of the

kinds of words, by IMITATION.

INSTRUCTION XXV.

THE USE OF THE KINDS OF WORDS.

THE KINDS OF WORDS HAVE A USE.

Professor Cadmus was pleased to find Wilmer ready the next evening for their social talk. He was more so, when his son ran over the names of the nine kinds of words, and pointed out the things for which they stood.

That is very good, said Professor Cadmus, as Wilmer closed his account of them. Very good, indeed! You see, then, Wilmer, said he, that eight of the kinds of words stand for THINGS, or something about them; and one of the kinds stands for words. Whenever you think of them, think of this, and always try, and see or feel that for which every kind stands.

I will, father, said Wilmer. But I cannot see the USE of all the kinds of words.

You cannot, said Professor Cadmus. Well, you are not alone, Wilmer. But it can be seen. Language, you know, is made up of words, and is a sort of picture of the world. It represents the world, and every thing about which we think. Now, Wilmer, there must be as many kinds of words as there are kinds of things in the world, or about which we think. We have things, qualities, relations of things, connections of things, actions of things; manner of being, and action, and quality; and emotions produced by things. We want the noun, adjective, preposition, conjunction, verb, adverb, and interjection to stand for these. We want also the pronoun to take the place of the noun.

Oh yes, I see it clearly now! We could not do with less. Their use is plain.

Yes, my son, we want them, to talk and write fully about things. If we had no adjectives, how could we speak of qualities? If we had no conjunctions, how could we write about the connections of things?

We could not do it, father, said Wilmer. I wonder I did not see this myself.

It is very good, said Professor Cadmus, if you see it now. We need them all, then, in speaking or writing fully about things. They are the parts of our language, and if you take one of them away, it is not perfect. It is as bad as to take away a part, or member, from the body. Language, Wilmer, is the body of thought.

THE USE OF THE KINDS OF WORDS.

We need the nine kinds of words, said the Professor, to form You know, Wilmer, that sentences are two or

sentences.

more words, by which we say something of something. To do this, we want more than one kind of words. How would you say any thing with a verb, or a noun, or an adjective? We need them all to vary the sentences, and all we wish to say.

say

Why, father, how plain you make it! And this is grammar, you said.

Yes, said Professor Cadmus, this is grammar. Grammar is the right use of the nine kinds of words. It is the art of putting them together in sentences.

It cannot, said Wilmer, be very hard. There are only nine kinds of words which we have to use. Only nine! Almost every other art has many more things. But the be numerous.

sentences may

No, my son, said Professor Cadmus, they are less so than the kinds of words. But we will talk about sentences

Novelty is a wonderful feeling. It is a sort of lasting feast to the young. The new and wondrous are ever starting up about them, like birds of rare plumage from their grassy coverings. At once, desires arise, and the future is ruddy with promise and hope.

Wilmer knew all this. Novelty, in his heart, was a lasting wonder. United to the desire of knowledge, it brought him daily delights. Not a single social talk ever closed without exciting it. Even things that were of no