A communication by water, which greatly facilitates its progress, has been already commenced. In several of the ports barks are employed in the transportation of merchandise, which was before The external, which is carried on with all the ports of Peru, particularly Callao, arises from the exportation of fruits; this amounts to seven hundred thousand dollars, serving not only to counterbalance the importations from that country, but leaving a balance in favonr of Chili of two hundred thousand dollars annually, according to the statements given in the periodical publications of Lima. The commerce between Chili and Buenos Ayres is quite otherwise, since for the herb of Paraguay alone it is obliged to advance three hundred dollars annually, in cash. The other articles received from thence are probably paid for by those sent thither. In the trade with Spain, the fruits received from Chili go but a little way in payment of more than a million of dollars, which are received from thence annually in European goods, either directly or by the way of Buenos Ayres, and sometimes from Lima. Gold, silver, and copper, are the articles which form the whole of this commerce, since the hides and vicugna wool are in such small quantities as to render them of little importance. The gold, which is coined in the capital, is regulated at five thousand two hundred marks annually, whence, by comparing the amount shipped with that coined, as no overplus appears, it is concluded that there is no clandestine extraction, notwithstanding in bullion and in works of use or ornament a very considerable quantity is expended. The silver obtained from the mines is calculated at thirty thousand marks. Of this amount twenty-five thousand is coined yearly, and the residue employed in the manufacture of table plate, and for various other purposes. The difference carried by land upon mules, with great trouble and expense to the merchant. This beneficial innovation will probably be followed by others of still greater importance. Several large ships have also been built in the harbour of Conception and the mouth of the river Maúle. The external commerce is carried on with Peru and Spain. In the first twenty-three or twenty-four ships of five or six hundred tons each are employed, which are partly Chilian and partly Peruvian. These usually make three voyages in a year; they carry from Chili wheat, wine, pulse, almonds, nuts, cocoa-nuts, conserves, dried meat, tallow, lard, cheese, sole leather, timber for building, copper, and a variety of other articles, and bring back in return, silver, sugar, rice, and cotton. The Spanish ships receive in exchange for European merchandise, gold, silver, copper, vicugna wool, and hides. A trade with the East in the quantity shipped from that coined arises from the receipts from Lima. The remittances of gold and silver to Spain are usually made from Buenos Ayres; the first, being less bulky, is carried by the monthly packets in sums of two or three thousand ounces; as to the second, it is sent in two convoy ships in the summer, by which conveyances gold is also remitted. In calculating the gold from the remittances, it amounts to six hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars, and the silver to two hundred and forty-four thousand. The copper, which is extracted from the mines, is estimated from eight to ten thousand quintals. From these data it will not be difficult to form a general estimate of all that Chili produces annually. Indies would be more profitable to the Chilians than any other, as their most valuable articles have either become scarce, or are not produced in that wealthy part of Asia, and the passage, in consequence of the prevalence of the south winds in the Pacific, would be easy and expeditious. No money is coined or has currency in Chili except gold and silver, a circumstance very embarrassing to the internal traffic. Their smallest silver coin is one-sixteenth of a dollar, and their weights and measures are the same as are used in Madrid. END OF THE HISTORY AN ESSAY ON THE CHILIAN LANGUAGE. ? THE original language of Chili, generally called the Araucanian; is denominated by the natives Chili dugu, the Chilian tongue. The alphabet contains the same letters as the Latin, except the x, which is in truth nothing more than a compound letter. The s, which has been by some grammarians very properly called a hissing rather than a letter, is only to be found in about twenty of their words, and never occurs at the termination, which gives to their pronunciation a great degree of fulness. The is still more seldom to be met with. Besides these common letters, the Chilian has a mute e and a peculiar u, like the Greeks and the French: the former is designated by the acute, and the latter by the grave accent, to distinguish them from the common e and u. This u is also frequently changed into i, in the manner of the modern Greeks. It has besides a nasal g and a th, which |