The Araucanians, not aware of the trick, ran into the snare, and being surrounded on every side, were almost all cut in pieces, together with their commander, after having sold their lives very dearly. The remainder took refuge in the marshes, where they secured themselves from the fury of the victors.

These repeated victories, the cause of such exultation to the Spaniards, were but the preludes of the severest disasters that they had ever experienced in Chili. It will, nevertheless, scarcely admit of a doubt that they must have cost much blood, since the governor, contrary to his custom, withdrew to Santiago after the last action, with the intention of awaiting there the reinforcements which he expected from Peru, and to raise as many recruits as possible in the northern provinces of the country. The reinforcements were not long in arriving, but as they appeared to him insufficient to continue the war with advantage, he determined to go to Peru in person to solicit more considerable succours, committing in the meantime the command of the army to the quarter-master, and the civil government to the licentiate Pedro Viscarra. On his arrival at Lima he met with his successor in the government, who had been appointed by the court of Spain. This was Don Martin Loyola, nephew of St. Ignatius,* an officer of merit, who

* The celebrated founder of the order of the Jesuits.

had acquired the favour of the viceroy Toledo, by taking Tupac Amaru, the last Inca of Peru, in the mountains of the Andes. This service not only obtained for him the government of Chili, but also the princess Clara Beatrix Coya in marriage, the only daughter and heiress of the Inca Sayri Tupac. He arrived at Valparaiso in 1593, with a respectable body of troops, and immediately proceeded to Santiago, where he was received with every testimony of joy by the citizens,

CHAP. VI.

The Toqui Paillamachu kills Loyola the Governor, and destroys all the Spanish Settlements in Araucania,

AFTER the death of Paillaeco, the Araucanians appointed to the chief command the hereditary Toqui of the second Uthalmapu, called Paillamachu, a man of a very advanced age, but of wonderful activity. Fortune, 'commonly supposed not to be propitious to the old, so far favoured his enterprises, that he surpassed all his predecessors in military glory, and had the singular felicity of restoring his country to its ancient state of independence. No sooner was he invested with the supreme power, than he appointed Pelantaru and Millacalquin, two officers not inferior to himself in merit, to the important charge of Vice Toqui, deviating in this instance from the established custom, which allowed only one lieutenant to the general. As the Araucanian force was, however, greatly diminished, he imitated the example of Antiguenu, and withdrew to the marshes of Lumaco, where he applied himself to form an army capable of executing his extensive plans.

L

Loyola, after having regulated the police of the capital, proceeded to Conception in order to attend to the business of the war. Paillamachu

took advantage of this opportunity to send an officer, under pretence of complimenting him, to obtain information of his character and designs. Antipillan, who was charged with this commission, showed himself worthy of the trust reposed in him by the general. In the frequent conferences which the governor held with him, he endeavoured to impress him with an idea of the great power and immense resources of his sovereign, insinuating the necessity of the Araucanians coming to an accommodation. The ambassador, pretending to be convinced by his reasonings, replied: "We are not ignorant of the power of your prince, which extends from the east to the west. But we are not to be despised, for although we are but a small people, we have nevertheless hitherto resisted his immense power. Your ideas respecting peace are very different from ours. By peace we understand an entire cessation of hostilities, which is to be followed by a complete renunciation on your part of any pretended right of controul over us, and the restoration of all those lands which you have occupied in our territories. You, on the contrary, under that name, seek to subject us, to which we will never consent while we have a drop of blood left in our veins."

As the governor was of a generous disposition, he could not but admire the noble sentiments of Antipillan, and dismissed him with the strongest demonstrations of esteem. But far from abandoning the posts established in the Araucanian territory, he passed the Bio-bio in 1594, and founded a new city at a little distance from that river, to which he gave the name of Coya, in honour of the princess his wife. This he intended not only as a place of retreat for the inhabitants of Angol, which was in the vicinity, but also to protect the rich gold mines of Kilacoyan. He established therein a municipal magistracy, and adorned it with several churches and monasteries; and in order to render it more secure, constructed two castles in front of it, called Jesus and Chivecura, which protected both shores of the river.

Paillamachu, solicitous of destroying this rising establishment, which reflected dishonour upon his command, in 1595 gave orders to Loncothequa, one of his captains, to take the fort of Jesus. This officer, after having burned one part of it, and twice penetrated into the other, was killed before he completed the enterprise. The Araucanian general began at length, in 1596, to harass with frequent incursions the Spanish districts, both to subsist his troops and habituate them to a military life. The Spanish army in vain went in pursuit of him; he always