others to favour the enterprise of their country

men.

The Araucanian general, desirous of signalizing himself by the capture of a place which his father had twice vainly attempted, made another assault still more violent than the preceding, in which his life was exposed to the most imminent danger. Several times in person did he scale the wall, and even effected at night an entrance into the city, followed by Tucapel and a number of brave companions; but repulsed by Don Garcia, whose vigilance was present every where, he withdrew, constantly fighting, and covered with the blood of his enemies, to a bastion, from whence, by a vigorous leap, he rejoined his troops, who were very apprehensive for the safety of their beloved commander. Wearied at length, with the prosecution of a siege whose operations were too slow for his impatience, he resolved to abandon it, and employ his arms against Reynoso, in hopes to revenge the death of his father, but Don Garcia, having joined that officer, rendered all his attempts fruitless.

The campaign of the following year, 1559, was rendered still more memorable by the numerous battles that were fought between the two armies; but as these produced no material change in the state of affairs, it will not be necessary to give a particular account of them.

Notwithstanding several of these encounters were favourable to the Araucanians, Caupolican resolved to protract the war, seeing that the number of his troops was daily diminished from their being continually exposed to the fire-arms of their enemies, while, on the contrary, the Spaniards were constantly receiving recruits from Peru and from Europe. With this intention he fortified himself between the cities of Canete and Conception, in a place called Quipeo or Cuyapu, which was capable of being defended by a few men against any number of enemies unprovided with artillery.

Don Garcia, on being informed of this measure, marched thither immediately with all his troops in order to dislodge him, but observing the nature of the place, he delayed several days making a general attack, in hopes of being able to draw him from his position, that his cavalry might be enabled to act with more advantage. In the meantime frequent skirmishes took place between the parties. In one of these, the celebrated Millalauco was made prisoner, who, regardless of his situation, reproached the Spanish general so severely with his cruel manner of making war, that, inflamed with the most violent passion, he ordered him instantly to be impaled.

During the siege the traitor Andrew had the temerity to go, by order of Don Garcia, to Cau

polican, and threaten him with the most dreadful punishment if he did not immediately submit to the royal authority. The Araucanian, who was extremely enraged at the sight of the betrayer of his father, ordered him to retire immediately, telling him that were it not for the character of an ambassador with which he was invested, he would put him to death with the most cruel tortures. The following day, however, that traitor being taken as a spy, was suspended by his feet from a tree and suffocated with smoke.

Don Garcia at length commenced his attack upon the Araucanian encampment, by a violent cannonade from all his artillery. Caupolican, instigated by his soldiers, who were eager to make a vigorous sally, fell with such fury upon the Spaniards, that, at the first charge, the Araucanians killed about forty, and continued slaughtering them until, by a skillful evolution, the Spanish general cut off their retreat, and surrounded them upon all sides. Caupolican, nevertheless, valiantly seconded by his intrepid band, for the space of six hours rendered the issue of the battle doubtful, till, seeing Tucapel, Colocolo, Renco, Lincoyan, Mariantu, Ongolmo, and several others of his most valiant officers slain, he attempted to retreat with the small remnant of his army, but being overtaken by a detachment of horse, slew himself to avoid the melancholy fate of his father.

Although the events that afterwards occurred had convinced Don Garcia that he had deceived himself in supposing, that the spirit of the Araucanians was entirely broken after the dreadful massacre at Canete, he however on this occasion thought he had good reason to believe the war wholly at an end. The battle of Quipeo appeared to him decisive in every point of view; the principal officers who supported the courage of the enemy had all perished on that fatal day; their nation was without chiefs and without troops, and appeared to be submissive to the will of the conquerors. Under the influence of these flattering ideas, he devoted his whole attention to repair the losses occasioned by the war; he rebuilt the fortifications that had been destroyed, particularly those of Arauco and of Angol; he restored Villarica, and re-established its inhabitauts: the mines that had been abandoned he caused to be opened anew, and others to be explored; and obtained the establishment of a bishopric in the capital, whither he went himself to receive the first bishop, Fernando Barrionuevo, a monk of the Franciscan order.

Finding himself provided with a good number of veteran troops, he sent a part of them, under the command of Pedro Castillo, to complete the conquest of Cujo, which had been commenced by Francis De Aguirre. That prudent officer subjected the Guarpes, the ancient inhabitants of

that province, to the Spanish government, and founded on the eastern limits of the Andes two cities, one of which he called St. Juan, and the other Mendoza, from the family name of the governor. This extensive and fertile country remained for a considerable time under the government of Chili, but has since been transferred to the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, to which, from its natural situation, it appertains.

Whilst in this manner Don Garcia took advantage of the apparent calm that prevailed in the country, he heard of the arrival at Buenos Ayres of the person appointed his successor by the court of Spain. In consequence of this information, he immediately quitted the kingdom, confiding the government for the present to Rodrigo de Quiroga, and returned to Peru, where, as a reward for his services, he was promoted to the exalted station which his father had filled,