has been known to excite violent vomiting. The conferve is the only officinal preparation of this fruit, which poffeffes any medical virtues, but is merely used by the apothecaries as a vehicle for other remedies. The Edinburgh College have omitted it. (4.) HIP. interje&t. An exclamation, or calling to one; the fame as the Latin eho, beus! Aufworth. (5.) HIP. HIPPISH. adj. A corruption of bypochondriack. Ainfworth. (6.) HIP, z. f. in architecture, the angle formed by two parts of the roof when it rifes outwards. Hips are also those pieces of timber which are placed at the corners of a roof. They are much longer than rafters, on account of their oblique pation. To HIP. v. a. [from hip.] To fprain or fhoot the hip.-His horse was hipp'd. Shak. * HIPFORD, a town in Effex, NW. of Halfted. HIP-HOP. A cant word formed by the replication of bop. Your different taftes divide our poets cares; One foot the fock, t'other the buskin wears: Thus while he strives to pleafe, he's forc'd to do't, Like Volfcius hip-hop in a fingle boot. Congreve. HIPPAGRETA. See CARTHAGE, $6. HIPPARCHIA, a celebrated lady born at Manea in Thrace, in the time of Alexander the cat. Her attachment to learning and philofo. by was fo great, that, having attended the lectres of Crates the Cynic, the fell in love with , and refoived to marry him, though he was oth old and ugly, and though the was courted by any handfome young men, diftinguifhed by their nk and riches. Crates himself was prevailed uon by her friends, to try to diffuade her from angular choice, which he did by difplaying his A poverty, his cloak, his bag, and his crooked back, tall in vain. At laft he told her, he could not * his wife, unless the refolved to live as he did. Is the cheerfully agreed to, affumed the habit # the order, and accompanied him every where conblic entertainments, &c. which was not cufry with the Grecian ladies. She wrote fevePredics, Philofophical hypotheses, and Reafon 2. and Questions proposed to Theodorus the Atheist: none of her works are extant. HIPPARCHUS, an eminent aftronomer, at Nice in Bithynia, who flourished between 154th and 163d Olympiads. His Commenta(*spon Aratus's Phænonema is ftill extant. Rot is very much miltaken when he afferted, at this aftronomer was not acquainted with the ular motion of the fixed itirs from W. to E. !ch their longitude changes. By foretelling ple, he taught mankind not to be frightened tem, and that even the gods were bound ws. Pliny, who tells this, admires him for asing a review of all the ftars; by which his deants would be enabled to difcover whether Pe are born and die, whether they change their es, and whether they increafe and decrease. ....; Hipparchus. See ATTICA, § 10. IPPLLAPSUS. See CERVUs, No I. vi, 3. APPIA, in botany; a genus of the polygamia Maria order, belonghig to the fyngencfia claïs of plants. The receptacle is naked; there is no pappus; the feeds are naked, with broad margins; the calyx is hemifpheric, and fubimbricated; the radius confifts of ten corollæ, obscure, and rather cleft into three. HIPPIAS. See ATTICA, § 10. (1.) HIPPO, the daughter of Chiron the Centaur, who is faid to have been, like her father, a great aftronomer. (2, 3.) HIPPO, or HIPPON, in ancient geography, a towns on the coaft of Africa, now called Biferta and Bona. See BISERTA No 3; and BoNA, N° 2. ra. HIPPOBOSCA, the HORSE FLY, in zoology: a genus of infects belonging to the order of dipteThe beak confifts of two valves, is cylindri cal, obtufe; and hanging; and the feet have feveral claws. There are 4 fpecies, diftinguifhed by their wings, &c. The moft remarkable is the The HIPPOBOSCA EQUINA, the peft of horses and cows. This infect is broad, flat, fhining, and as it were fcaly. Its head, thorax, and abdomen, are yellow, undulated with brown; and the legs are interfected with yellow and brown. wings, croffed one over the other, exceed the length of the body by above one half; they are tranfparent, tinged with a little yellow towards their outward edge, and have a spot near that edge of a brown colour. These infects are very difficult to be killed, on account of the hard cruftaceous fhell which covers them; and they fix so close and faft to the poor animals with their claws, that they cannot rub or bite them off witnout wounding themfelves. See Plate CLXXXI. HIPPOCAMPUS. See SYNGNATHUS. HIPPOCASTANUM, the common horfe-chef nut. See scULUS, N° 1. It may be here added, that from several experiments in the French Memoires d' Agriculture, it appears, that the fruit of the horse-chefnut affords a wholefome nourishment for cattle, and may even be employed with fuccefs for fattening them. It is faid to render the tallow of thole fattened with it particularly firm. The milk yielded by cows fed upon it, is alfo faid to be thicker and richer, than that produced from any other food. The fruit of this tree has been likewife ufed as food for fheep and poultry, and as foap for washing. It was much employed in powder as a fternutatory by an itinerant oculift, and has been recommended by fome others in certain ftates of ophthalmia, headach, &c. in which errhines are indicated. Its effects as a fternutatory may alfo be obtained, by ufing it under the form of infufion or decoction drawn up into the noftrils. It is entirely with a view to its erihine power, that it has a place in the Pharmacopoeia of the Edinburgh college. The bark has indeed been recommended by fome as a cure for intermittent fevers; and it is probably with this intention that this part of the hippocaftanum is introduced as an official article in the Pharmacoperia Roffica. During the late fcarcity of grain, fome attempts were made to obtain ftarch from the hole-chelnut, and not without fuccefs. (1.) * HIPPOCENȚAUR, n. f. [VroomCaug&; Lippotentaure, French.] A tabulous moufter, helf Lorie horfe and half man.-How are poetical fictions, them. He heard many lectures, and learned med how are hippocentaurs and chimeras to be imaged, philofophy from him; which made Celfus and which are things quite out of nature, and where- thers imagine, that Hippocrates was the difciple of we can have no notion? Dryden. of Democritus, though it is probable they neveriam each othertill this interview. Hippocrates had als public invitations to other countries. Thus, whead plague invaded the Illyrians and Paonians, the kings of thofe countries begged him to come t their relief: he did not go: but learning from the meffengers the course of the winds there, he con cluded that the distemper would come to Atheas; and, foretelling what would happen, applied him. felf to take care of the city and the ftudents. k was indeed fuch a lover of Greece, that when ha fame had reached as far as Perfia, and Artaxerse entreated him, with a promife of great rewards to come to him, he refufed to go. He alfo de vered his own country from a war with the Athe nians, that was just ready to break out, by prevailing with the Theffalians to come to their affittanc for which he received very great honours from the Coans. The Athenians alfo honoured hia greatly; they admitted him next to Hercules the Eleufinian ceremonies; gave him the freedon of the city; and voted a public maintenance f him and his family in the prytaneum at Athen where none were maintained but such as had don figna! ferice to the ftate. He died among th Lariffeans, fome fay in his goth year, fome in a 95th, others in his 104th, and fome in his 10th The best edition of his works is that of Foetus a Greek and Latin. Hippocrates wrote in th Ionian dialect. His aphorifms, prognoftics, and that he has written on the fymptoms of difeles juftly pafs for masterpieces. (2.) HIPPOCENTAURS, [from, a horfe, *T, I fpur, and rauges, a bull.] a people of Theffaly, inhabiting near mount Pelion, became thus denominated, because they were the first that taught the art of mounting on horfeback; which occafioned fome of their neighbours to i. magine,. that the horse and man were but one animal. The hippocentaurs fhould feem to have differed from the centaurs, in this, that the latter only rode on bullocks, and the former on horfes, as the names intimate. See CENTAUR, 1, 3. (1.) * HIPPOCRAS._n. S. [hypocras, French; quafi vinum Hippocratis.] A medicated wine.Sack and the well-tpic'd hippocras, the wine, Waffail the bowl, with ancient ribbands fine King. (2.) HIPPOCRAS is compofed of wine, with fpices and other ingredients; and is much ufed in France, as a cordial after meals. There are various kinds of it, according to the kind of wine and other ingredients ufed: as white, red, claret, and firawberry hippocras; hippocras without wine; cyder hippocras, &c. The London Difpenfatory directs it to be made of cloves, ginger, cinnamon and nutmegs, grofsly powdered, and infufed in canary with fugar; to this infufion may be added, milk, a lemon, and fome flips of rofemary, and the whole ftrained through flannel. It is recommended as a cordial, and in paralytic and nervous cafes. HIPPOCRATEA, in botany; a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the tetrandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking with thofe of which the order is doubtful. The calyx is quinquepartite; the petals 5, the capfules 3, and of an obcordate shape. (1.) HIPPOCRATES, the greateft phyfician of antiquity, was born in the island of Coos, in the Both Olympiad, and flourished during the Pelo ponnefian war. He was the first on record, who laid down precepts concerning phyfic; and, according to his biographer Soranus was defcended from Hercules and fculapius. He was firft a pupil of his father Heraclides, then of Herodicus, then of Gorgias of Leontium the orator, and, according to fome, of Democritus of Abdera. After being inftructed in phyfic and the liberal arts, and loting his parents, he left Coos, and practised phy. fic all over Greece; where he was fo much admired for his skili, that he was publicly fent for with Euryphon, a man fuperior to him in years, to Perdiccas king of Macedonia, who was then thought to be confumptive. But Hippocrates, as foon as he arrived pronounced the difeafe to be entirely mental. For upon the death of his father Alexander, Perdiccas fell in love with Philas, his father's mistress; which Hippocrates oifcerning by the great change -r prefence always wrought upon him, a cure was foon effected. Being entreated by the people of Abdera to come and cure Democritus of a fuppofed madness, he went; tut, upon his arrival, inflead of finding Democritus mad, he pronounced all his fellow citizens 10, and Democritus the only wife man among (2) HIPPOCRATES'S SLEEVE. n.. A wool len bag, made by joining the two oppofite angie of a fquare piece of flannel, used to train fyrup and decoctions for clarification. Quincy. HIPPOCRENE, in ancient geography, a four tain of mount Helicon, on the borders of Boots facred to the Mufes. Ovid makes Hippocrene 20 Aganippe the fame. See AGANIPPE, and Hill CON. HIPPOCREPIS, COMMON HORSE-SHOEVETCH in botany; a genus of the decandria order, b longing to the diadelphia clafs of plants; and the natural method ranking under the 32d orde Papilionace. The legumen is compreffed as crooked, with many incifions on the interior futur There are 3 fpecies, two natives of the warm par of Europe, and one of Britain. They are all lo herbaceous trailing plants, with yellow flower They are propagated by feeds; but having great beauty are feldom kept in gardens. HIPPODAMIA, the daughter of Oenoma and wife of Pelops. See PELOPS. HIPPODROME, or ) [from leres, a horfe, a HIPPODROMUS, as, a course,] in at tiquity, a courfe wherein chariot and horfe rac were performed, and horles exercised. See H CATOMBEON. The Olympian hippodrome, horfe-cotife was a space of ground 600 paces furrounded with a wall, near Elis, on the bana of the Alpheus. It was uneven, and in forie gree irregular, on account of the fituation; mon part was a hill of a moderate height, and the cuit was adorned with temples, aitars, and o embell embellishments. See STADIUM. There is a fa- bayleaves, is a native of South-America; and mous hippodrome at Conftantinople, which was grows to as large a fize as the MANCINELLA, from begun by Alexander Severus, and finished by Con- which it differs moftly in the shape of its leaves. ftantine. The circus, called by the Turks atmei- 2. HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA, with oval fawed can, is 400 paces long, and above roo paces wide. leaves, is a native of all the Weft India islands. At the entrance there is a pyramidal obelisk of gra- It bath a smooth brownish bark; the trunk divides pite in one piece, about 50 feet high, terminating upward into many branches, garnished with ob in a point, and charged with hieroglyphics. The long leaves about three inches long. The flowers Greek and Latin inferiptions on its bafe fhow, come out in thort fpikes at the end of the bran that it was erected by Theodofius; the machines ches, but make no great appearance, and are fucthat were employed to raise it are reprefented u- ceeded by fruit of the fame shape and fize with a pon it in ballo relievo. There are fome veftiges in golden pippin. The tree grows to the size of a England of the hippodromus, in which the anci- large oak. Strangers are often tempted to eat the at inhabitants of that country performed their ra- fruit of this fpecies; the confequences are, an intes; the most remarkable is that near Stonehenge, flammation of the mouth and throat, pains in the which is a long tract of ground, about 350 feet, ftomach, &c. which are very dangerous uniefs re 100 druid cubits wide, and more than a mile medies are speedily applied. The wood is much and three quarters, or 6000 druid cubits, in length, efteemed for making cabinets, book-cafes, &c. beDcloted quite round with a bank of earth, extending very durable, taking a fine polish, and not beg directly E. and W. The goal and career are the east end. The goal is a high bank of earth, aded with a flope inwards, on which the judges te fuppofed to have fat. The metæ are two tuBai, or fmall barrows, at the weft end of the parte. These hippodromes were called in the lanBag of the country rhedagua, the racer redagur, d the carriage rheda, fro: the British word rhe"to run." One of thefe hippodromes, about lf a mile S. of Leicester, retains evident traces the old name redagua, in the corrupted one of kes. There is another, fays Dr Stukely, ar Dorchefter; another on the banks of the pwther, near Penrith in Cumberland; and another the valley, just without the town of Royton. HIPPOGLOSSUS. See PLEURONECTES, § 2. HIPPOGRIFF. n. f. [ww and ye; hip griffe, French.] A winged horse; a being imau by Ariofto. He caught him up, and without wing Of hippogriff bore through the air fublime. Milt. HIPPOLYTE, in fabulous hiftory, a queen of Amazons, who was conquered by Hercules, id married to Thefeus: by whom she had. HIPPOLYTUS, famous in fabulous hiftory for rtue and his misfortune. His ftep-mother Phaam love with him, and when he refufed to polis father's bed, The accufed him to Thefeus of ing violence to her perfon. Her accufation was y believed, and Thefeus entreated Neptune punish the incontinence of his fon. Hippolyadd from the refentment of his father; and as parfaed his way along the fea fhores, his horatre fa frightened at the noife of fea calves ca Neptune had purpolely fent there, that ky ran among the rocks till his chariot was broand his body torn to pieces. Temples were Ed to his memory, particularly at Trazene, Bere be received divine honours. Diana is faid ve rettored him to life. HIPPOMANE, the MANCHINELL TREE, a genus ennadelphia order, belonging to the monceals of plants; and in the natural method rankorder the 38th order, Tricocea. The male has an tum and bifid perianthium, without any corolthe female perianthium is trifid; there is no co4, the ftigana is tripartite: and the plum or captrico.cous. See Pl. CLXXXI. The species are, PROMANE BIGLANDULOSA, with oblong VOL. XI. PART I. ing liable to become worm-eaten: but as the trees abound with a milky cauftic juice, fires are made round their trunks, to burn out this juice; otherwife those who fell the trees would be in danger of lofing their fight by the juice flying in their eyes. This juice raifes blifters on the skin whereever it falls, turns linen black, and makes it fall out in holes. It is alfo dangerous to work the wood after it is fawn out; for if any of the fawduft happens to get into the eyes of the workmen, it caufes inflammation; to prevent which, they generally cover their faces with fine lawn during the time of working the wood. It is with the juice of this tree that the Indians poifon their arrows. 3. HIPPOMANE SPINOSA, with holly leaves, is a native of Campeachy, and seldom rifes above 10 feet high; the leaves greatly refemble thofe of the common holly, and are fet with fharp prickles at the end of each indenture. They are of a lucid green, and continue all the year. Thefe plants being natives of very warm climates, cannot be preferved in this country without a stove; ner can they by any means be made to rife above 5 or 6 feet high, even with that aftance. They are propagated by feeds; but must have very little moifture, or they will certainly be killed by it.-These trees have all a very poifonous quality, abounding with an acrid milky juice of a highly cautic nature. HIPPOMANES, [from Izzas, a horfe, and ave, madnels.] a fort of poifon famous among the ancients as an ingredient in amorous philters or love charms. Authors are not agreed about the nature of the hippomanes. Pliny defcribes it as a blackith caruncle found on the head of a new bora colt; which the dam bites off and eats as foon as she is delivered. He adds, that if the be prevented herein by any one's cutting it off before, he will not take to nor bring up the young. Virgil, and after hum Servius and Columella, defcribe it as a poisonous matter trickling from the pudendum of a mare when proud, or longing for the Lorfe. At the end of Mr Bayle's Dictionary is a very learned differtation on the hippomanes, and all its virtues real and pretended. HIPPOMENES. See ATALANTA, No 2. HIPPONA, [from xx, a horse] or EPONA, in ancient mythology, the goddess of horses. 7venal. See EPONA, N° 2. HIPPONAX, P? ing longeft. There are two tusks in each jam thofe of the under one very long and obliqu truncated; in both they ftand folitary, and ar recurvated. The feet are hoofed on the edge There is but one known fpecies, viz. the IIIPPONAX, a Greek poet, born at Ephefus, A. A. C. 540. He cultivated the fame fatirical poetry as Archilochus, and was not inferior to him in the beauty and vigour of his lines. His fatirical raillery obliged him to fly from Ephefus. As he was naturally deformed, two brothers, Buphalus and Anthermus, made a ftatue of him; which, by the ugliness of its features, expofed the poet to univerfal ridicule. Hipponax, refolving to revenge the injury, wrote fuch bitter invectives and fatirical lampoons against them, that they hanged themselves in defpair. Cie ad Famil. vii. ep. 24. HIPPONENSIS SINUS. See BISERTA, N° 2. HIPPOPEDES. See HIPPOPODES. HIPPOPHAE, SEA-BUCKTHORN; a genus of the tetrandria order, belonging to the diocia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 16th order, Calycifiore. The male calyx is bipartite; there is no corolla: the female calyx is blind; there is no corolla; there is one style, and a monofpermous berry. The fpecies are, I. HIPPOPHAE CANADENSIS with a fhrubby brown ftem, branching 8 or 10 feet high, with oval leaves, and male and female flowers on different plants. 2. HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES, with a fhrubby ftem, branching irregularly 8 or 10 feet high, having a dark brown bark. It is armed with a few thorns, bath fpear-shaped, narrow, feffile leaves, of a dark green above, and hoary underneath. Both thefe fpecies are very hardy, and may be propagated in abundance by fuckers from the roots, by layers, and by cuttings of their young fhoots. They are retained in gardens on account of their two-coloured leaves in fummer; and in winter, on account of the appearauce of the young shoots, which are covered with turgid, irregular, fealy buds. Goats, fheep, and horfes, eat this fpecies; cows refufe it. HIPPOPHAGI, in ancient geography, a people of Scythia, fo called from their living on horfeHefh; the fare at this day of the Tartars their defcendants. Alfo a people of Perfia. Ptolemy. HIPPOPODES, or ) [from was, a horse, and HIPPOFODLE wx, a foot,] in ancient geography, an appellation, given to a certain peo ple fituated on the banks of the Scythian fea, who were fuppofed to have had horfes feet. The hippopodes are mentioned by Dionyfius, Geegr. v. 310. Mela, lib. i cap. 6. Pliny, lib. iv. cap. 13. and St Auguftine, De Civit. lib. xvi cap. 8. It is conjectured, that they had this appellation given them on account of their swiftnefs or light. Defs of foot. Mr Pennant fuppofes them to have been the inhabitants of the Bothnian Gulph, and that they were the fame fort of people as the Finni Lignipedes of Olaus. They wore fnow fhoes; which he thinks might fairly give the idea of their being, like horfes, hoofed and shod. (1.) * HIPPOPOTAMUS. n. f. [wts and the Nile. The river horfe. An animal found in (2.) HIPPOPOTAMUS, the RIVER HORSE, is a genus of quadrupeds belonging to the order of bel lux, the characters of which are thefe: It has 4 fore-teeth in the upper jaw, disposed in pairs at a diftance from each other; and 4 prominent foreteeth in the under jaw, the intermediate ones be HIPPOPOTAMUS AMPHIBIUS, or river her See plate 181. The head of this animal is of a enormous size, and the mouth vaftly wide. T ears are small and pointed, and lined within ver thickly with fhort fine hairs. The eyes and ne trils are fmall in proportion to the bulk of t animal. On the lips are fome Arong hairs fo tered in patches here and there. The hair on t body is very thin, of a whitish colour, and fear difcernible at firft fight. There is no mane on t neck, as fome writers affert, only the hairs that part are rather thicker. The fkin is v thick and ftrong, and of a dufky colour. T tail is about a foot long, taper, compreffed, a naked. The hoofs are divided into 4 parts. T legs are fhort and thick. In bulk it is fecond ly to the elephant. The length of a male h been found to be 17 feet, the circumference the body 15, the height near 7, the legs near the head above 34, and the girth near 9. T mouth, when open, is above two feet wide: 2 furnished with 44 teeth of different figures (incl ing the cutting teeth and the canine). The a ting, and particularly the canine teeth of the o er jaw, are very long, and fo hard and tr that they ftrike fire with fteel. This circumftan it is probable, gave rife to the fable of the ents, that the hippopotamus vomited fire fr his mouth. The fubftance of the canine teeth fo white, fo fine, and fo hard, that it is pref able to ivory for making artificial teeth. T cutting teeth, especially those of the under ja are very long, cylindrical, and chamfered. T canine teeth are alfo long, crooked, priim and fharp, like the tufks of the wild boar. grinders are fquare or oblong, like those of and fo large that a fingle tooth fometimes we three pounds. The tufks, according to Dr ma, are 27 inches long. With fuch powe arms, and fuch a prodigious ftrength of bo the hippopotamus might render himselfformid to every other animal. But he is naturaly mild difpofition, and is only formidable provcked. His bulk is fo great, that 12) have been found neceffary to draw one which had been shot in a river above the and Haffelquist fays, its hide is a load for a Though he delights in the water, and livest as freely as upon land; yet he has not, se beaver or otter, membranes between his The great fize of his belly renders his fpecific vity nearly equal to that of water, and him fwim with eafe. Thefe animals inhabi rivers of Africa, from the Niger to Berg many miles N. of the Cape of Good Hope. formerly abounded in the rivers nearer the but are now almoft extirpated; and to pre the few which are left in Berg River, the nor has abfolutely prohibited the fhooting without particular permiffion. They are found in any of the African rivers which rum the Mediterranean, except the Nile, and event only in Upper Egypt, and in the tens and E: |