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colour. By letting the sea water into square pits or basons, its surface being struck and agitated by the rays of the sun, it thickens at first imperceptibly, and becomes covered over with a slight crust, which hardening by the continuance of the heat, is wholly converted into salt. The water in this condition is scalding hot, and the crystallization is perfected in eight, ten, or at most fifteen days. Chambers.

fire.

All eruptions of air, though small and slight, give sound, which we call crackling, puffing, spitting, &c. as in bay salt and bay leaves cast into Bacon. BAY Window. A window jutting outward, and therefore forming a kind of bay or hollow in the room.

It hath bay windows transparent as barricadoes. Shakspeare. BAY Yarn. A denomination sometimes used promiscuously with woollen yarn. Chambers.

BA'YARD. n. s. [from bay.] A bay horse. Blind bayard moves the mill. Philips. BA'YONET. n. s. [bayonette, Fr.] A short sword or dagger fixed at the end of a musket, by which the foot hold off the horse.

One of the black spots is long and slender, and resembles a dagger or bayonet. Woodward. BAYZE. See BAIZE. BDE'LLIUM. n. s. [Bdex.iov; 772.] An aromatick gum brought from the Levant, used as a medicine, and a perfume. Bdellium is mentioned both by the ancient naturalists and in Scripture; but it is doubtful whether any of these be the same with the modern kind.

Chambers.

This bdellium is a tree of the bigness of an olive, whereof Arabia hath great plenty, which yieldeth a certain gum, sweet to smell to, but bitter in taste, called also bdellium. The Hebrews take the loadstone for bdellium. Raleigh. To BE. v. n. [This word is so remarkably irregular, that it is necessary to set down many of its terminations. Present. I am, thou art, he is, we are, &c. eom, eart, ir, anon, Sax. Preter. I was, thou wast or wert, he was, pær, pæne,

we were, &c.

pæɲon, Sax.

The conjunctive mood.

par,

I be, thou beest, he be, we be, &c. beo, bir, beo, beon, Sax.] 1. To have some certain state, condition, quality, or accident; as, the man is wise.

Seventy senators died By their prescriptions, Cicero being one. Shaks. He hath to night been in unusual pleasure, Shakspeare.

Be what thou hop'st to be, or what thou art, Resign to death, it is not worth enjoying. Shaks.

Be but about

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.

Therefore be sure,

Thou, when the bridegroom with his feastfal friends

Passes to bliss at the mid hour of night, Hast gain'd thy entrance, virgin wise and pure. Milton. It is not easy to discern what such men would be at.. Stilling fleet. To say a man has a clear idea of quantity, without knowing how great it is, is to say, he has the clear idea of the number of the sands, who knows not how many they be. Locke. 2. It is the auxiliary verb by which the verb passive is formed.

The wine of life is drawn, and the meer lees Is left this vault to brag of. Shakspeare.

3. To exist; to have existence.

4.

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Here cease, ye pow'rs, and let your vengeance end;

Troy is no more, and can no more offend. Dryd
All th' impossibilities, which poets
Count to extravagance of loose description,
Shall sooner be.

Rowe.

To be, contents his natural desire; He asks no angel's wing, no seraph's fire. Pape. To have something by appointment or rule.

If all political power be derived only from Adam, and be to descend only to his successive heirs, by the ordinance of God, and divine institution, this is a right antecedent and paramount to all government. Locke. Do not meddle with; leave

5. Let BE.
untouched.
Let be, said he, my prey.

BEACH. n. s.

Dryden. The shore, particularly that part that is dashed by the waves; the strand.

The fishermen, that walk upon the beach, Appear like mice. Shakspeare's King Leare Deep to the rocks of hell the gather'd beach They fasten'd, and the mole immense wrought on Over the foaming deep. Milton.

They find the washed amber further out upon the beaches and shores, where it has been longer exposed. Woodward. BEACHED. adj. [from beach.] Exposed

to the waves.

Timon hath made his everlasting mansion Upon the beached verge of the salt flood; Which, once a day, with his embossed froth The turbulent surge shall cover. Shakspeare. BEACHY. adj. [from beach.] Having

beaches.

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BEA

No flaming beacons cast their blaze afar,
Gay.
The dreadful signal of invasive war.
2. Marks erected, or lights made in the
night, to direct navigators in their
courses, and warn them from rocks,
shallows, and sandbanks.

BEAD. n. s. [beade, prayer, Saxon.]
1. Small globes or balls of glass or pearl,
or other substance, strung upon a thread,
and used by the Romanists to count
their prayers; from which the phrase
to tell beads, or to be at one's beads, is
to be at prayer.

That aged dame, the lady of the place,
Who all this while was busy at her beads.
Fairy Queen.
Thy voice I seem in every hymn to hear,
Pope.
With ev'ry bead I drop too soft a tear.
2. Little balls worn about the neck for
ornament.

With scarfs and fans, and double charge of
brav'ry,

With amber bracelets, beads, and all such knav'ry.

3. Any globular bodies.

Shakspeare.

Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war, That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shakspeare.

Several yellow lumps of amber, almost like beads,with one side flat, had fastened themselves Boyle. to the bottom.

BEAD Tree. [azedarach.] A plant. BEʼADLE. n.s. [býdel, Sax. a messenger; bedeau, Fr. bedel, Span. bedelle, Dutch.] 1. A messenger or servitor belonging to a Corvell.

court.

2. A petty officer in parishes, whose bu-
siness it is to punish petty offenders.
A dog's obey'd in office.
Thou rascal beadle, hold thy bloody hand:
Why dost thou lash that whore?

Shaksp. They ought to be taken care of in this condition, either by the beadle or the magistrate. Spectator. Their common loves, a lewd abandon'd pack, The beadle's lash still flagrant on their back. Prior. BE'ADROLL. n. s. [from bead and roll.] A catalogue of those who are to be mentioned at prayers.

The king, for the better credit of his espials abroad, did use to have them cursed by name amongst the beadroll of the king's enemies. Bacon. BE'ADSMAN. n. s. [from bead and man.] A man employed in praying, generally in praying for another.

An holy hospital,

In which seven beadsmen, that had vowed all
Their life to service of high heaven's king.
Fairy Queen.

In thy danger,
Commend thy grievance to my holy prayer;
For I will be thy beadsman, Valentine. Shaksp.
A small
BE'AGLE. n. s. [bigle, Fr.]

hound with which hares are hunted.

The rest were various huntings.
The graceful goddess was array'd in green;
About her feet were little beagles scen,
That watch'd with upward eyes the motions of
Dryden's Fables.

their queen.

To plains with well-bred beagles we repair,
And trace the mazes of the circling hare. Pope.
BEAK. n.s. [bec, Fr. pig, Welsh.]
1. The bill or horny mouth of a bird.

His royal bird

Prunes his immortal wing, and cloys his beak
As when his god is pleas'd. Shaksp, Cymbeline,

He saw the ravens with their horny beaks
Milton's Par. Reg.
Food to Elijah bringing.

The magpye, lighting on the stock,
Stood chatt'ring with incessant din,
And with her beak gave many a knock. Swift.
2. A piece of brass like a beak, fixed at
the end of the ancient gallies, with
which they pierced their enemies. It
can now be used only for the forepart
of a ship.

With boiling pitch another near at hand,
From friendly Sweden brought, the seams instops;
Which, well laid o'er, the salt sea waves withstand,
And shake them from the rising beak in drops.

Dryden. 3. A beak is a little shoe, at the toe about an inch long, turned up and fastened in upon the forepart of the hoof. Farrier's Dict. 4. Any thing ending in a point like a beak; as, the spout of a cup; a prominence of land.

Cuddenbeak, from a well advanced promon-
tory, which entitled it beak, taketh a prospect
Carew's Survey.
of the river.
BE'AKED. adj. [from beak.] Having a
beak; having the form of a beak.

And question'd ev'ry gust of rugged winds,
That blows from off each beaked promontory.
Milton.
BE'AKER, n. s. [from beak.] A cup with
a spout in the form of a bird's beak.
And into pikes and musqueteers
Stampt beakers, cups, and porringers. Hudibras.
With dulcet bev'rage this the beaker crown'd,
Fair in the midst, with gilded cups around.

Pope BEAL. n. s. [bolla, Ital.] A whelk or pimple.

To BEAL. v. a. [from the
ripen; to gather matter,
head, as a sore does.

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noun.] To or come to a

BEAM. n. s. [beam, Sax. a tree.]
1. The main piece of timber that supports
the house.

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A beam is the largest piece of wood in a building, which always lies cross the building or the walls, serving to support the principal rafters of the roof, and into which the feet of the prin cipal rafters are framed. No building has less than two beams, one at each head. Into these, the girders of the garret floor are also framed; and if the building be of timber, the teazel-tenons of the posts are framed. The proportions of beams in or near London, are fixed by act of parliament. A beam, fifteen feet long, must be seven inches on one side its square, and five on the other; if it be sixteen feet long, one side must be eight inches, the other six; and so proBuilder's Dict. portionable to their lengths.

The building of living creatures is like the building of a timber house; the walls and other parts have columns and beams, but the roof is Bacon. tile, or lead, or stone.

He heav'd, with more than human force, to

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And taught the woods to echo to the stream His dreadful challenge, and his clashing beam. Denham.

5. The pole of a chariot; that piece of wood which runs between the horses. Juturna heard, and, sciz'd with mortal fear, Forc'd from the beam her brother's charioteer." Dryden.

6. Among weavers, a cylindrical piece of wood belonging to the loom, on which the web is gradually rolled as it is wove. The staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam. 1 Chron.

7. BEAM of an Anchor. The straight part or shank of an anchor, to which the hooks are fastened.

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8. BEAM Compasses. A wooden or brass instrument, with sliding sockets, to carry several shifting points, in order to draw circles with very long radii; and useful in large projections, for drawing the furniture on wall dials.

Harris.

[runnebeam, Sax. a ray of the sun.] The ray of light emitted from some lummous body, or received by the eye. Pile ten hills on the Tarpeian rock, That the precipitation might downstretch Below the beant of sight.. Shaksp. Coriolanus. Pleasing, yet cold, like Cynthia's silver beam.

Dryden.

As heav'n's blest beam turns vinegar more

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His double-biting axe, and beamy spear; Each asking a gigantick force to rear. Dryden. 3. Having horns or antlers.

Rouze from their desert dens the bristled rage Of boars, and beamy stags in toils engage. Dryd. BEAN. n. s. faha, Lat.] A plant.

The species are, 1. The common garden bean. 2. The horse bean. There are several varieties of the garden beans, differing either in colour or size. The principal sorts which are cultivated in England, are the Mazagan, the small Lisbon, the Spanish, the Tokay, the Sandwich, and Windsor beans. The Mazagan bean is brought from a settlement of the Portuguese, on the coast of Africa, of the same name; and is by far the best sort to plant for an early crop. Miller.

His allowance of oats and beans for his horse was greater than his journey required. Swift. BEAN Caper. [fabago.] A plant. BEAN Tressel. An herb.

To BEAR. v. a. pret. I bore, or bare; part. pass. bore, or born. [beonan, beran, Sax.] bairan, Gothick. It is sounded as bare, as the are in care and dare.]

1. This is a word used with such latitude, that it is not easily explained.

We say to bear a burden, to bear sorrow or reproach, to bear a name, to bear a grudge, to bear fruit, or to bear children. The word bear is used in very different senses. Wafts.

2. To carry as a burden.

They bear him upon the shoulder; they carry him and set him in his place.

Isaiab. And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens. 1 Kings. As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings. Deuteronomy.

We see some, who we think have bora less of the burden, rewarded above ourselves. Decay of Piety.

3. To convey, or carry.

My message to the ghost of Priam bear ;
Tell him a new Achilles sent thee there. Dryden.
A guest like him, a Trojan guest before,
In shew of friendship, sought the Spartan shore,
And ravish'd Helen from her husband bare.
Garth.

4. To carry as a mark of authority.
I do commit into your hand
The unstain'd sword that you have us'd to bear.
Shakspeare,

5. To carry as a mark of distinction.

He may not bear so fair and so noble an image of the divine glory, as the universe in its full system.

His pious brother, sure the best Who ever bore that name.

Hale.

Dryden.

The sad spectators stiffen'd with their fears She sees, and sudden every limb she smears; Then each of savage beasts the figure bears.

Garth. His supreme spirit of mind will bear its best resemblance, when it represents the supreme infinite. Cheyne.

So we say, to bear arms in a coat. 6. To carry, as in show.

Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye, Your hand, your tongue; look like the innocent

flower,

But be the serpent under 't.

7. To carry, as in trust.

Shakspeare.

He was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what was put therein.

John. 8. To support; to keep from falling : frequently with up.

Under colour of rooting out popery, the most effectual means to bear up the state of religion may be removed, and so a way be made either for paganism, or for barbarism, to enter. Hooker. And Samson took hold of the two middle pillars upon which the house stood, and on which it was borne up. Judges. A religious hope does not only bear up the mind under her sufferings, but makes her rejcice in them. Addison.

Some power invisible supports his soul, And bears it up in all its wonted greatness.

Addison.

9. To keep afloat; to keep from sinking: sometimes with up.

Genesis.

The waters increased, and bare up the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth. 10. To support with proportionate strength. Animals that use a great deal of labour and exercise, have their solid parts more elastick and strong; they can bear, and ought to have, strongArbuthnot on Aliments, er food. 11. To carry in the mind, as love, hate. How did the open multitude reveal The wond'rous love they bear him underhand! Daniel. They bear great faith and obedience to the Bacon. kings.

Darah, the eldest, bears a generous mind, But to implacable revenge inclin'd.

The coward bore the man immortal spite.

Dryden.

Dryden.
Swift.

As for this gentleman, who is fond of her, sho Deareth him an invincible hatred. That inviolable love I bear to the land of my nativity, prevailed upon me to engage in so bold Swift. an attempt. 12. To endure, as pain, without sinking. It was not an enemy that reproached me, then Psalms. I could have borne it. 33. To suffer; to undergo, as punishment or misfortune.

I have borne chastisements, I will not offend any more.

Job. That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee, I bare the loss of it; of my hand didst Genesis. thou require it. 14. To permit; to suffer without resentment.

To reject all orders of the church which men have established, is to think worse of the laws of men, in this respect, than either the judgment of wise men alloweth, or the law of God itself Hooker. will bear.

Not the gods, nor angry Jove, will bear
upper air. Dryd.
Thy lawless wand'ring walk in
15. To be capable of; to admit.

Being the son of one earl of Pembroke, and
younger brother to another, who liberally sup
plied his expence, beyond what his annuity from
Clarendon.
his father could bear.
Give his thought either the same turn, if our
tongue will bear it; or, if not, vary but the
Dryden.
dress.

Do not charge your coins with more uses than
they can bear. It is the method of such as love
any science, to discover all others in it. Addison.
Had he not been eager to find mistakes, he
would not have strained my works to such a
Atterbury.
sense as they will not bear.

In all criminal cases, the most favourable interpretation should be put upon words that they Swift. possibly can bear.

16. To produce, as fruit.

There be some plants that bear no flower, and
yet bear fruit: there be some that bear flowers,
and no fruit: there be some that bear neither
Bacon.
flowers nor fruit.
They wing'd their flight aloft; then stooping
low,

18. To give birth to; to be the native
place of.

Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore,
But now self-banish'd from his native shore.
Dryden

19. To possess, as power or honour.

When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honour is a private station. Addison. 20. To gain; to win: commonly with away.

As it more concerns the Turk than Rhodes, So may he with more facile question bear it; For that it stands not in such warlike brace. Shakspeare.

Because the Greek and Latin have ever borna away the prerogative from all other tongues, they shall serve as touchstones to make our Camden, trials by.

Some think to bear it by speaking a great word, and being peremptory; and go on, and take by admittance that which they cannot make good." Bacon

21. To maintain; to keep up.

He finds the pleasure and credit of bearing a part in the conversation, and of hearing his reaLocks sons approved.

22. To support any thing, good or bad.
I was carried on to observe, how they did
bear their fortunes, and how they did employ
Bacon.
their times.

23. To exhibit.

Ye Trojan flames, your testimony bear, What I perform'd, and what I suffer'd there. Dryden.

24. To be answerable for.

If I bring him not unto thee, let me bear the Genesis. blame. O more than madmen! you yourselves shall bear

The guilt of blood and sacrilegious war! Dryd. 25. To supply.

What have you under your arm? Somewhat that will bear your charges in your pilgrimage? Dryden. 26. To be the object of. This is unusual. I'll be your father and your brother too; Let me but bear your love, I'll bear your cares.. Shakspeare. To behave; to act in any character. 27. Some good instruction give, How I may bear me here. Shakspeare. Hath he borne himself penitent in prison? Sbak." 28. To hold; to restrain: with off.

Perch'd on the double tree that bears the golden
Dryden.
sy
bough.
Say, shepherd, say, in what glad soil appears
A wond'rous tree, that sacred monarchs bears.

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Pope.

Shakspeare.

Ye know that my wife bare two sons. Genesis.
What could the muse herself that Orpheus bore,
The muse herself, for her enchanting son? Milt.
The same Æneas, whom fair Venus bore
To fam'd Anchises on th' Idean shore. Dryden_

Do you suppose the state of this realm to be now so feeble, that it cannot bear off a greater blow than this? Hayward.

29. To impel; to urge; to push: with some particle noting the direction of the impulse; as, down, on, back, forward.

The residue were so disordered as they could not conveniently fight or fly, and not only justled and bore down one another; but in their confused tumbling back, brake a part of the avant guard. Sir John Hayward. Contention, like a horse Full of high feeding, madly hath broke loose, And bears down all before him. Shakspeare.

Their broken oars, and floating planks, with

stand

Their passage, while they labour to the land,
And ebbing tides bear back upon th' uncertain

sand.

Now with a noiseless gentle course
It keeps within the middle bed;
Anon it lifts aloft the head,

Dryden.

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2. One employed in carrying burdens.

And he set threescore and ten thousand of them to be bearers of burdens. 2 Chronicles. 3. One who wears any thing. O majesty!

When thou dost pinch thy bearer, thou dost sit
Like a rich armour worn in heat of day,
That scalds with safety.

Shakspeare. 4. One who carries the body to the grave. A tree that yields its produce.

5.

This way of procuring autumnal roses, in some that are good bearers, will succeed.

Boyle. Reprune apricots, saving the young shoots; for the raw bearers commonly perish. Evelyn. 6. [In architecture.] A post or brick wall raised up between the ends of a piece of timber, to shorten its bearing; or to prevent its bearing with the whole weight at the ends only.

[In heraldry.] A supporter. EʼARHERD. N, S. [from bear and herd, as shepherd from sheep.] A man that tends bears.

He that is more than a youth, is not for me; and he that is less than a man, I am not for him; therefore I will even take sixpence in earnest of the bearberd, and lead his apes into hell. Shakspeare.

BEARING. 1, s. [from bear.]

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r. The site or place of any thing with respect to something else.

But of this frame, the bearing and the ties, The strong connections, nice dependencies, Gradations just, has thy pervading soul Look'd through? or can a part contain the whole? Pope.

2. Gesture; mien; behaviour.

That is Claudio; I know him by his bearing. 3. [In architecture.] Bearing of a piece Shakspeare. of timber, with carpenters, is the space either between the two fixt extremes thereof, or between one extreme and a post or wall, trimmed up between the ends, to shorten its bearing. BE'ARWARD. n. s. [from bear and ward.] A keeper of bears.

Builder's Dict.

We'll bait thy bears to death, And manacle the bearward in their chains. Shak. The bear is led after one manner, the multitude after another; the bearward leads but one brute, and the mountebank leads a thousand. L'Estrange. BEAST. n. s. [beste, Fr. bestia, Lat.] 1. An animal, distinguished from birds, insects, fishes, and man.

The man that once did sell the lion's skin While the beast liv'd, was kill'd with hunting Shakspeare.

him.

Beasts of chase are the buck, the doe, the fox, the martern, and the roe. Beasts of the forest are the hart, the hind, the hare, the boar, and the wolf. Beasts of warren are the hare and coney Corvell. 2. An irrational animal, opposed to man; as, man and beast.

I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more, is none.

-What beast was 't then

That made you break this enterprize to me? Macbeth.

Medea's charms were there, Circean feasts, With bowls that turn'd enamour'd youths to beasts. Dryden. 2. A brutal savage man; a man acting in any manner unworthy of a reasonable

creature.

To BEAST. v. a. A term at cards. BE'ASTINGS. See BEESTINGS. BE'ASTLINESS. n. s. [from beastly.] Brutality; practice of any kind contrary te the rules of humanity.

They held this land, and with their filthiness Polluted this same gentle soil long time: That their own mother loath'd their beastliness, And 'gan abhor her brood's unkindly crime. Fairy Queen

BEASTLY. adj. [from beast.] 1. Brutal; contrary to the nature and dignity of man. It is used commonly as a term of reproach:

Wouldst thou have thyself fall in the confu sion of men, or remain a beast with beasts?-Ay. -A beastly ambition. Shakspeare. You beastly knave, know you no reverence? King Lear.

With lewd, prophane, and beastly phrase, To catch the world's loose laughter, or vain gaze. Ben Jonson.

It is charged upon the gentlemen of the army, that the beastly vice of drinking to excess hath been lately, from their example, restored among Swifts

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