BARBERRY.ns. [berberis, Lat. or oxyacanthus.] Pipperidge bush. The species are, 1. The common barberry. 2. Bar without stones. The first of these erry sorts is very common in England, and often Miller. planted for hedges. Barberry is a plant that bears a fruit very useful in housewifery; that which beareth its fruit without stones is counted best. Mortimer. BAR n. 5. burda, Welsh.] A poct. There is among the Irish a kind of people called bards, which are to them instead of poets; whose profession is to set forth the praises or dispraises of men in their poems or rhime; the which are had in high regard and estimation among them. Spenser on Ireland. And many bards that to the trembling chord Can tune their timely voices cunningly. Fairy Q. The bard who first adorn'd our native tongue Tun'd to his British lyre this ancient song, Which Homer might without a blush rehearse. Dryden. BARE. adj. [bape, Sax. bar, Dan.] 1. Naked; without covering. The trees are bare and naked, which use both Spenser. to coat and house the kern. Then stretch'd her arins t' embrace the body bare; Her clasping hands inclose but empty air. Dryd. In the old Roman statues, these two parts were always bare, and exposed to view as much as our hands and face. Addison. 2. Uncover d in respect. Though the lords used to be covered whilst the commons were bare, yet the commons would not be bare before the Scottish commissioners; Clarendon. and so none were covered. 3. Unadorned; plain; simple; without ornament. 4. Yet was their manners then but bare and plain; For th' antique world excess and pride did hate. Spenser. Detected; no longer concealed. Bare in thy guilt, how foul thou must appear! 3. Poor; indigent; wanting plenty. Milton. Were it for the glory of God, that the clergy should be left as bare as the apostles, when they had neither staff nor scrip; God would, I hope, endue them with the self-same affection. Hooker's Preface. Even from a bare treasury, my success has been Dryden. contrary to that of Mr. Cowley. 6. Mere; unaccompanied with usual recommendation. It was a bare petition of a state To one whom they had punished. Shakspeare. Nor are men prevailed upon by bare words, only through a defect of knowledge; but carried with these puffs of wind, contrary to knowledge. 7. Threadbare; much worn. South. You have an exchequer of words, and no other treasure for your followers; for it appears, by their bare liveries, that they live by your bare words. Shakspeare. 3. Not united with any thing else. A desire to draw all things to the determination of bare and naked Scripture, hath caused much pains to be taken in abating the credit of man. Hooker. That which offendeth us, is the great disgrace which they offer unto our custom of Lare reading Hooker. the word of God. Wanting clothes; slenderly supplied with clothes 1o. Sometimes it has of before the thing wanted or taken away. Tempt not the brave and needy to despair; For, tho' your violence should leave them bare -Of gold and silver, swords and darts remain. Dryden's Juvena!. Making a law to reduce interest, will not raise the price of land; it will only leave the country barer of money. Locke To BAKL v. a. [from the adjective.] To There is a fabulous narration, that an herb For virtue, when I point the pen,- BARE, or BORE. The preterit of To bear. Here comes lean Jack, here comes barebone: how long is it ago, Jack, since thou sawest thy own knee? Shakspeare's Henry IV. BAREFACED. adj. [from bare and face.} 1. With the face naked; not masked. Your French crowns have no hair at all, and then you will play barefaced. Shakspeart. 2. Shameless; unreserved; without concealment; undisguised. The animosities encreased, and the parties appeared barefaced against each other. Clarendon It is most certain, that barefaced bawdry is the Dryden. poorest pretence to wit imaginable. BARFFACEDLY. adv. [from barefaced.] Openly; shamefully; without disguise. Though only some profligate wretches own it too barefacedly, yet, perhaps, we should hear more, did not fear tie people's tongues. Locke. BAREFACEDNESS. n. s. [from barefaced.] Effrontery; assurance; audaciousness. BAREFOOT. adj. [from bare and foot.] Having no shoes. Going to find a barefoot brother out, BAREFOOTED. adj. Being without shoes. Know my name is lost, He, barrheaded, lower than his proud steed's neck, Bespoke them thus. Shakspeare's Richard 11. Next, before the chariot, went two men barebeaded. Bacon. The victor knight had laid his helm aside, Barcheaded, popularly low he bow'd. Dryden. BARELY. adv. [from bare.] 1. Nakedly. 2. Poorly; indigently. 3. Without decoration. 4. Merely; only; without any thing more. The external administration of his word, is as well by reading barely the Scripture, as by explaining the same. Hooker. The duke of Lancaster is dead; And living too, for now his son is duke -Barely in title, not in revenue. Sbaksp. He barely nam'd the street, promis'd the wine; But his kind wife gave me the very sign. Donne. Where the balance of trade barely pays for commodities with commodities, there money must be sent, or else the debts cannot be paid. Locke. BARENESS. n. s. [from bare.] 1. Nakedness. Donne. No more can be due to me, Than at the bargain made was meant. 2. The thing bought or sold; a purchase; the thing purchased. Give me but my price for the other two, and you shall even have that into the bargain. L'Estr. He who is at the charge of a tutor at home, may give his son a more genteel carriage, with greater learning into the bargain, than any at school can do. Locke. 3. Stipulation; interested dealing. There was a difference between courtesies received from their master and the duke; for that the duke's might have ends of utility and bargain, whereas their master's could not. Bacon. 4. An unexpected reply, tending to obscenity. made for manours, lands, &c. also the transferring the property of them from the bargainer to the bargainee. Cowell. To BARGAIN. v. n. [from the noun.] To make a contract for the sale or purchase of any thing often with for before the thing. Henry is able to enrich his queen, And not to seek a queen to make him rich. So worthless peasants bargain for their wives, As market men for oxen, sheep, or horse. Sbaks. For those that are like to be in plenty, they may be bargained for upon the ground. Bacon The thrifty state will bargain ere they fight. Dryden. It is possible the great duke may bargain for the republick of Lucca, by the help of his great Addison on Italy. BARGAINEE'. n. s. [from bargain.] He or she that accepts a bargain. See BAR treasures. GAIN. BARGAINER. 2.s. [from bargain.] The person who proffers, or makes a bargain. See BARGAIN. BARGE. n. s. [bargie, Dutch, from barga, low Lat.] 1. A boat for pleasure. The barge she sat in, like a burnish'd throne, Burnt on the water. Shakspeare. Plac'd in the gilded barge, Proud with the burden of so sweet a charge; With painted oars the youths begin to sweep Neptune's smooth face. Waller. 2. A sea commander's boat. It was consulted, when I had taken my barge and gone ashore, that my ship should have set sail and left me. Raleigh. 3. A boat for burden. BARGER. n. s. [from barge.] The manager of a barge. Many wafarers make themselves glee, by putting the inhabitants in mind of this privilege; who again, like the Campellians in the north, and the London bargers, forslow not to baigne them. Carew's Survey of Cornwall. BARK. n. s. [barck, Dan.], 2. Trees last according to the strength and quantity of their sap and juice; being well munited by their bark against the injuries of the air. Bacon. Wand'ring in the dark, Physicians for the tree have found the bark. Dryd A small ship. [from barca, low Lat.] The duke of Parma must have flown, if he would have come into England; for he could 'neither get bark nor mariner to put to sea. Bacon. It was that fatal and perfidious bark, Built in th' eclipse, and rigg'd with curses dark, That sunk so low that sacred head of thine. Where sold he bargains, whipstitch? Dryden. As to bargains, few of them seem to be excel-1. lent, because they all terminate into one single point. Savift. Swift. No maid at court is left asham'd, Howe'er for selling bargains fam'd. 5. An event; an upshot: a low sense. I am sorry for thy misfortune; however, we must make the best of a bad bargain. Arbuthnot. 6. In law. Bargain and sale is a contract or agreement Sent before my time Into this breathing world, scarce half made up, And that so lamely and unfashionably That dogs bark at me. Shakspeare's Richard 111. Why do your dogs bark so? be there bears i'th' town? Shaksp. Merry Wives of Winds. In vain the herdman calls him back again; The dogs stand off afar, and bark in vain. Cowley, 2. To clamour at; to pursue with re- Vile is the vengeance on the ashes cold, The envious barking of your saucy tongue. The severest penalties ought to be put upon barking any tree that is not felled. Temple. These trees, after they are barked, and cut into shape, are tumbled down from the mountains into the stream. Addison. BARK-BARED. adj. [from bark and bare.] Stripped of the bark. Excorticated and bark-bared trees may be preserved by nourishing up a shoot from the foot, or below the stripped placo, cutting the body of the tree, sloping off a little above the shoot, and it will heal, and be covered with bark. Mortimer. BAʼRKER. n. s. [from bark.] 1. One that barks or clamours. What hath he done more than a base cur? barked and made a noise? had a fool or two to spit in his mouth? But they are rather enemies of my fame than me, these barkers. Ben Jonson. a. [from bark of trees.] One that is employed in stripping trees. BARKY. adj. [from bark.] Consisting of bark; containing bark. Ivy so enrings the barky fingers of the elm. Shakspeare. BARLEY. n. s. [derived by Junius from 12, bordeum.] A grain of which malt is made. It hath a thick spike; the calyx, husk, awn, and flower, are like those of wheat or rye, but the awns are rough; the seed is swelling in the middle, and, for the most part, ends in a sharp point, to which the husks are closely united. The species are, 1. Common long-eared barley. 2. Winter or square barley, by some called big. 3. Sprat barley or battledoor-barley. All these. sorts of barley are sown in the spring of the year, in a dry time. In some very dry light land, the barley is sown early in March; but in strong clayey soils it is not sown till April. The square barley or big is chiefly cultivated in the north of England, and in Scotland; and is hardier than the other sorts. Miller. Barley is emollient, moistening, and expectorating; barley was chosen by Hippocrates as a proper food in inflammatory distempers. Arbuthnot on Aliments. BARLEY BROTH. n. s. [from barley and broth.] A low word sometimes used for strong beer. Can sodden water, A drench for surreyn'd jades, their barley broth, Decoct their cold blood to such valiant heat? Shakspeare. BARLEY CORN. n. s. [from barley and corn.] A grain of barley; the beginning of our measure of length; the third part of an inch. A long, long journey, choak'd with breaks measur'd by ten thousand barley-corns. Tickell. BARLEY MOW. n. s. [from barley and mow.] The place where reaped barley is stowed up. Whenever by yon barley mow I pass, Before my eyes will trip the tidy lass. Gay, BARLEYBRAKE. n. s. A kind of rural play. By neighbours prais'd she went abroad thereby, At barleybrake her sweet swift feet to try. Sidney. BARM. n. s. burm, Welsh; beopm, Sax.] Yeast; the ferment put into drink to make it work; and into bread, to lighten and swell it. Are you not he That sometimes make the drink to bear nobarm, Try the force of imagination upon staying the working of beer, when the barm is put into it. Bacon. BA'RMY, adj. [from barm.] Containing barm; yeasty; Their jovial nights in frolicks and in play They pass, to drive the tedious hours away; And their cold stomachs with crown'd goblets cheer Of windy cider, and of barmy beer. Dryden. BARN. n. s. [beɲn, Sax.] A place or house for laying up any sort of grain, hay, or straw. In vain the barns expect their promis'd load; Nor barns at home, nor reeks are heap'd abroad. Dryden. I took notice of the make of barns here: having laid a frame of wood, they place, at the four corners, four blocks, in such a shape as neither mice nor vermin can creep up. Addison. BARNACLE. n. s. [probably of beaɲn, Sax. a child, and aac, Sax. an oak.] 1. A kind of shellfish, that grows upon timber that lies in the sea. 2. A bird like a goose, fabulously supposed to grow on trees. It is beyond even an atheist's credulity and impudence, to affirm that the first men might grow upon trees, as the story goes about barnacles; or might be the lice of some vast prodigious animals, whose species is now extinct. Bentley Hudibrate And from the most refin'd of saints As naturally grow miscreants, As barnacles turn Soland geese In th' islands of the Orcades. 3. An instrument made commonly of iron for the use of farriers, to hold a horse by the nose, to hinder him from struggling when an incision is made. Farrier's Dict. BAROMETER. n. s. [from Bag, weight, and, measure.] A machine for measuring the weight of the atmosphere, and the variations in it, in order chiefly to determine the changes of the weather. It differs from the baroscope, which only shows that the air is heavier at one time than another, without specifying the difference. The barometer is founded upon the Torricellian experiment, so called from Torricelli, the inventor of it, at Florence, in 1643. It is a glass tube filled with mercury, hermetically sealed at one end; the other open, and immerged in a basin of stagnant mercury so that, as the weight of the atmosphere diminishes, the mercury in the tube will descend, and, as it increases, the mercury will ascend; the column of mercury suspended inthetube being always equal to the weight of the incumbent atmosphere. The measuring the heights of mountains, and finding the elevation of places above the level of the sea, hath been much promoted by barometrical experiments, founded upon that essential property of the air, its gravity or pressure. As the column of mercury in the barometer is coun terpoised by a column of air of coal weight, so whatever causes make the air heavier or lighter, the pressure of it will be thereby increased or lessened, and of consequence the mercury will rise or fall. Harris. Gravity is another property of air, whereby it counterpoises a column of mercury from twenty-seven inches and one half to thirty and one half, the gravity of the atmosphere varying one tenth, which are its utmost limits; so that the exact specifick gravity of the air can be determined when the barometer stands at thirty inches, with a moderate heat of the weather. Arbuthnot. BAROMETRICAL. adj. [from barometer.] Relating to the barometer. Derbam. He is very accurate in making barometrical and thermometrical instruments. BA'RON. n. s. [The etymology of this word is very uncertain. Baro, among the Romans, signified a brave warrior, or a brutal man; and, from the first of these significations, Menage derives baron, as a term of military dignity. Others suppose it originally to signify only a man, in which sense baron, or varon, is still used by the Spaniards; and, to confirm this conjecture, our law yet uses baron and femme, husband and wife. Others deduce it from ber, an old Gaulish word, signifying commander; others from the Hebrew 12, of the same import. Some think it a contraction of par homme, or peer, which seems least probable.] i. A degree of nobility next to a viscount. It may be probably thought, that anciently, in England, all those were called barons, that had such signiories as we now call court barons: and it is said, that, after the conquest, all such came to the parliament, and sat as nobles in the upper house. But when, by experience, it appeared that the parliament was too much crowded with such multitudes, it became a custom, that none should come but such as the king, for their extraordinary wisdom or quality, thought good to call by writ; which writ ran bac vice tantum. After that, men seeing that this state of nobility was but casual, and depending merely on the prince's pleasure, obtained of the king letters patent of this dignity to them and their heirs reale; and these were called barens by letters patent, or by creation, whose posterity are now those barons that are called lords of the parliament; of which kind the king may create more at his pleasure. It is nevertheless thought, that there are yet barons by writ, as well as barons by letters patent, and that they may be discerned by their titles; the barons by writ being those that, to the title of lord have their own surnames annexed; whereas the barons by letters patent are named by their baronies. These barons, which were first by writ, may now justly also be called barons by prescription; for that they have continued barons, in themselves and their ancestors, beyond the mehory of man. There are also barons by tenure, as the bishops of the land, who, by virtue of baronies annexed to their bishopricks, have a ways had place in the upper house of parliament, and are called lords spiritual Cowell, 2. Baron is an officer, as barons of the exchequer to the king: of these the principal is called lord chief baron, and the three others are his assistants, between the king and his subjects, in causes of justice belonging to the exchequer. 3. There are also barons of the cinque ports; two to each of the seven towns, Hastings, Winchelsca, Rye, Rumney, Hithe, Dover, and Sandwich, that have places in the lower house of parliament. Corvell. They that bear Shakspeares The cloth of state above, are four barons Of the cinque ports. 4. Baron is used for the husband in relation to his wife. Corvell. 5. A Baron of Beef is when the two sirloins are not cut asunder, but joined together by the end of the backbone. Dict. BARON AGE. n. s. [from baron.] His charters of the liberties of England, and of the forest, were hardly, and with difficulty, gained by his baronage at Staines, A. D. 1215. Hales 2. The dignity of a baron. 3. The land which gives title to a baron. BARONESS. n. s. [baronessa, Ital. baronissa, Lat. A baron's lady. BA'RONET. n. s. [of baron, and et dìminutive termination.] The lowest degree of honour that is hereditary: it is below a baron and above a knight; and has the precedency of all other knights, except the knights of the garter. It was first founded by king James I. in 1611. Corwell. But it appears by the following passage, that the term was in use before, though in another sense. King Edward III. being bearded and crossed by the clergy, was advised to direct out his writs to certain gentlemen of the best abilities, entitling them therein barons in the next parlia ment. By which means he had so many barons in his parliament, as were able to weigh down the clergy; which barons were not afterwards lords, but baronets, as sundry of them do yet retain the name. Spenser. BARONY. n. s. [baronnie, Fr. beonny, Sax.) The honour or lordship that gives title to a baron. Such are not only the fees of temporal barons, but of bishops also. Cutwell. BA'ROSCOPE. . s. [Bár and exaiw.] An instrument to show the weight of the atmosphere. See BAROMETER. If there was always a calm, the equilibrium could only be changed by the contents; where the winds are not variable, the alterations of the baroscope are very small. Arbuthnot. BA'RRACAN. n. s. [bouracan, or barracan, French.] A strong thick kind of camelot. BA'RRACK. H.S. [barracca, Span.] 1. Little cabins made by the Spanish fiske ermen on the seashore; or little lodges for soldiers in a camp. 2. It is generally taken among us for buildings to lodge soldiers. BA'RRATOR. 2.s. [from barat, old Fr. from which is still retained barateur, a cheat.] A wrangler, and encourager of lawsuits. Will it not reflect as much on thy character, Nic, to turn barrator in thy old days, a stirrer-up of quarrels amongst thy neighbours? Arbuthnot. BA'RRATRY. n. s. [from barrater.] The practice or crime of a barrator; foul practice in law. "T is arrant barratry, that bears Point blank an action, 'gainst our laws. Hudibras. BA'RREL. 2. s. [baril, Welsh.] 1. A round wooden vessel to be stopped close. It hath been observed by one of the ancients, that an empty barrel, knocked upon with the hinger, giveth a diapason to the sound of the like barrel full. Bacon. Trembling to approach The little barrel which he fears to broach. Dryd. 2. A particular measure in liquids. A barrel of wine is thirty-one gallons and a half; of ale, thirty-two gallons; of beer, thirty-six gallons; and of beer-vinegar, thirty-four gallons. 3. [In dry measure.] A barrel of Essex butter contains one hundred and six pounds; of Suffolk butter, two hundred and fifty-six. A barrel of herrings should contain thirty-two gallons wine measure, holding usually a thousand herrings. Several colleges, instead of limiting their rents to a certain sum, prevailed with their tenants to pay the price of so many barrels of corn, as the market went. Swift. 4. Any thing hollow; as the barrel of a gun, that part which holds the shot. Take the barrel of a long gun perfectly bored, set it upright with the breech upon the ground, and take a bullet exactly fit for it; then, if you suck at the mouth of the barrel ever so gently, the bullet will come up so forcibly, that it will hazard the striking out your teeth. Digby. 5. A cylinder; frequently that cylinder about which any thing is wound. Your string and bow must be accommodated to your drill; if too weak, it will not carry about the barrel. Moxon. 6. Barrel of the Ear, is a cavity behind the tympanum, covered with a fine membrane. Dict. To BA'RREL. v. a. [from the noun.] To put any thing in a barrel for preservation. I would have their beef before-hand barrelled, which may be used as is needed. Spenser. Barrel up earth, and sow some seed in it, and put it in the bottom of a pond. Bacon. BA'RREL-BELLIED. adj. [from barrel and belly.] Having a large belly. Dauntless at empty noises; lofty neck'd, Sharp headed, barrel-belly'd, broadly back'd. Dryden. BA'RREN. adj. [baɲe, Sax. naked; properly applied to trees or ground unfruitful.] 2. 3. I pray'd for children, and thought bar renness In wedlock a reproach. Milton No more be mentioned then of violence Against ourselves; and wilful barrenness, That cut us off from hope. Milton. Unfruitfulness; sterility; infertility. Within the self-same hamlet, lands have divers degrees of value, through the diversity of their Bacon. fertility or barrenness. Want of invention; want of the power of producing any thing new. The adventures of Ulysses are imitated in the Aneis; though the accidents are not the same, which would have argued him of a total barrenness of invention. Dryden. 4. Want of matter; scantiness. The importunity of our adversaries hath constrained us longer to dwell than the barrenness of so poor a cause could have seemed either to require or to admit. Hooker. 5. [In theology.] Aridity; want of emotion or sensibility. The greatest saints sometimes are fervent, and sometimes feel a barrenness of devotion. Taylor. BA'RRENWORT. n. s. [epimedium, Lat.] A plant. BA'RRFUL. adj. [from bar and full.] Full of obstructions. A barrful strife! Whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife. Shak BARRICA'DE- n. s. [barricade, Fr] 1. A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, waggons, or any thing else, to keep off an attack. 2. Any stop; bar; obstruction. There must be such a barricade, as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop, the currents of the atmosphere. Derham To BARRICA'DE. v. a. [barricader, Fr.] 1. To stop up a passage. Now all the pavement sounds with trampling feet, And the mixt hurry barricades the street; Entangled here, the waggon's lengthen'd team. Gay 2. To hinder by stoppage. A new vulcano continually discharging that matter, which being till then barricaded up and |