CA'DENCE.

CADENCE. n. s. [cadence, Fr.]

1. Fall; state of sinking; decline.

Now was the sun in western cadence low From noon; and gentle airs, due at their hours, To fan the earth, now wak'd. Milton. 2. The fall of the voice; sometimes the general modulation of the voice.

The sliding, in the close or cadence, hath an agreement with the figure in rhetorick, which they call prater expectatum; for there is a pleasure even in being deceived.

There be words not made with lungs, Sententious show'rs! O let them fall! Their cadence is rhetorical.

3. The flow of verses, or periods.

Bacon.

Crashaw.

The words, the versification, and all the other elegancies of sound, as cadences, and turns of words upon the thought, perform exactly the same office both in dramatic and epic poetry.

Dryden.

The cadency of one line must be a rule to that of the next; as the sound of the former must slide gently into that which follows. Dryden. 4. The tone or sound.

Hollow rocks retain

The sound of blust'ring winds, which all night long

Had rous'd the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull Sea-faring men, o'erwatch'd.

Milton.

He hath a confused remembrance of words since he left the university; he hath lost half their meaning, and puts them together with no regard, except to their cadence. Swift. 5. [In horsemanship.] An equal measure or proportion which a horse observes in all his motions, when he is thoroughly managed. Farrier's Dict. CA'DENT. adj. [cadens, Lat.] Falling down.

CADE'T.n.s. [cadet, Fr. pronounced cadè.] 1. The younger brother. 2. The youngest brother.

Joseph was the youngest of the twelve, and David the eleventh son, and the cadet of Jesse. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 3. A voluntier in the army, who serves in expectation of a commission. CA'DEW. n. s. A straw worm. See CADDict.

DIS.

CA'DGER. n. s. [from cadge, or cage, a panier.] A huckster; one who brings butter, eggs, and poultry, from the country to market. CA'DI. n. 5.

A magistrate among the Turks, whose office seems nearly to answer to that of a justice of peace. CADILLACK. n. s. A sort of pear. CE'CIAS. ..s. [Lat.] A wind from the northeast.

Now, from the north,

Boreas and Cacias, and Argestes loud,

And Thracias, rend the woods, and seas upturn. Milton.

CESAREAN. See CESARIAN. CESU'RA. n. s. [Lat.] A figure in poetry, by which a short syllable after a complete foot is made long. CAFTAN. n. s. [Persick.] A Persian or Turkish vest or garment.

CAG. n. s. A barrel, or wooden vessel, containing four or five gallons. Some. times keg.

cage,

They lost their genius, and poetick rage;
Homers again and Pindars may be found,
And his great actions with their numbers crown'd.
Waller.

And parrots, imitating human tongue,
And singing birds in silver cages hung;
And ev'ry fragrant flow'r, and od'rous green,
Were sorted well, with lumps of amber laid
between.
Dryden.

A man recurs to our fancy, by remembering his garment; a beast, bird, or fish, by the cage, or court-yard, or cistern, wherein it was kept. Watts on the Mind The reason why so few marriages are happy, is, because young ladies spend their time in making nets, not in making cages. Savift. 2. A place for wild beasts, enclosed with pallisadoes.

3. A prison for petty malefactors. To CAGE. v. a. [from the noun.] To enclose in a cage.

He, swoln and pamper'd with high fare, Sits down, and snorts, cag'd in his basket-chair.

Denne.

CAIMAN. n. s. The American name of a crocodile.

To CAJO'LE. v. a. [cageoller, Fr.] To flatter; to sooth; to coax: a low word. Thought he, 't is no mean part of civil Hudibras, State prudence, to cajole the devil. The one affronts him, while the other cajoles and pities him: takes up his quarrel, shakes his head at it, claps his hand upon his breast, and then protests and protests. L'Estrange

Rymer. A flat

My tongue that wanted to cajole I try'd, but not a word would troll. CAJO'LER. n. s. [from cajole.] terer; a wheedler. CAJOʻLERY. n. s. [cajolerie, Fr.] Flattery. CA'ISSON. n. s. [French.]

1. A chest of bombs or powder, laid in the enemy's way, to be fired at their approach.

2. A wooden case in which the piers of bridges are built within the water. CAITIFF. n. s. [cattivo, Ital. a slave; whence it came to signify a bad man, with some implication of meanness; as knave in English, and fur in Latin; se certainly does slavery destroy virtue. Ήμισυ της αρετής αποάινυλαι δέλοιον εμπρ Homer.

A slave and a scoundrel are signified by the same words in many languages.] A mean villain; a despicable knave: it often implies a mixture of wickedness and misery.

Vile caitiff! vassal of dread and despair, Unworthy of the common breathed air! Why livest thou, dead dog, a longer day, And dost not unto death thyself prepare? Spens. 'T is not impossible But one, the wicked'st caitiff on the ground,

look

You must be seeing christenings! do you for ale and cakes here, you rude rascals? Shaks. My cake is dough, but I'll in among the rest, Out of hope of all but my share of the feast.

Shakspeare. The dismal day was come; the priests prepare Their leaven'd cakes, and fillets for my hair.

Dryden. 2. Any thing of a form rather flat than high; by which it is sometimes distinguished from a loaf.

There is a cake that groweth upon the side of a dead tree, that hath gotten no name, but it is large, and of a chestnut colour, and hard and pithy. Bacon's Natural History. 3. Concreted matter; coagulated matter. Then when the fleecy skies new cloath the wood, And cakes of rustling ice come rolling down the flood.

Dryden.

To CAKE. v. n. [from the noun.] To harden, as dough in the oven.

This burning matter, as it sunk very leisurely, had time to cake together, and form the bottom, which covers the mouth of that dreadful vault that lies underneath it. Addison on Italy.

This is that very Mab,
That plats the manes of horses in the night,
And cakes the elflocks in foul sluttish hairs.

Shakspeare.

He rins'd the wound, And wash'd away the strings and clotted blood That cak'd within. Addison. CALABA'SH Tree.

It hath a flower consisting of one leaf, divided at the brim into several parts; from whose cup rises the pointal, in the hinder part of the flower; which afterwards becomes a fleshy fruit, having an hard shell. They rise to the height of twentyfive or thirty feet in the West Indies, where they grow naturally. The shells are used by the negroes for cups, as also for making instruments of music, by making a hole in the shell, and putting in small stones, with which they make a sort of rattle. CALAMA'NCO. n. s. [a word derived, probably by some accident, from calamaneus, Lat. which, in the middle ages, signified a hat.] A kind of woollen stuff.

Miller.

He was of a bulk and stature larger than ordinary; had a red coat, flung open, to show a calaTatler. manco waistcoat.

CA'LAMINE, or Lapis Calaminaris. n. s. A kind of fossil bituminous earth, which, being mixed with copper, changes it into brass.

We must not omit those, which, though not of so much beauty, yet are of greater use, viz. loadstones, whetstones of all kinds, limestones, Locke. calamine, or lapis calaminaris. CA'LAMINT. n. s. [calamintha, Lat.] A plant.

CALAMITOUS. adj. [calamitosus, Lat.] 1. Miserable; involved in distress; oppressed with infelicity; unhappy; wretched: applied to men.

This is a gracious provision God Almighty

hath made in favour of the necessitous and calimitous; the state of some, in this life, being so

Subdues me, and calamilous constraint!
Lest on my head both sin and punishment,
However insupportable, be all
Devolv'd.

Much rather I shall chuse

Milton.

To live the poorest in my tribe, than richest, And be in that calamitous prison left. Milton. In this sad and calamitous condition, deliver ance from an oppressour would have even revived them. South. CALA'MITOUSNESS. n. s. [from calamitous.] Misery; distress. CALAMITY. n. s. [calamitas, Lat.] 1. Misfortune; cause of misery; distress.

Another ill accident is drought, and the spindling of the corn, which with us is rare, but in hotter countries common; insomuch as the word calamity was first derived from calamus, when the corn could not get out of the stalk. Bacon. 2. Misery; distress.

This infinite calamity shall cause To human life, and houshold peace confound. Milton. From adverse shores in safety let her hear Foreign calamity, and distant war; Of which, great heav'n, let her no portion bear. Prior.

CA'LAMUS. n. s. [Lat.] A sort of reed or sweet-scented wood, mentioned in scripture with the other ingredients of the sacred perfumes. It is a knotty root, reddish without, and white within, which puts forth long and narrow leaves, and brought from the Indies. The prophets speak of it as a foreign commodity of great value. These sweet reeds have no smell when they are green, but when they are dry only. Their form differs not from other reeds, and their smell is perceived upon entering the marshes. Calmet.

Take thou also unto thee principal spices of pure myrrh, of sweet cinnamon, and of sweet calamus. Exodus.

CALA'SH. n. s. [caleche, Fr.] A small carriage of pleasure.

Daniel, a sprightly swain, that us'd to flash The vig'rous steeds, that drew his lord's calash. King.

The ancients used calashes, the figures of several of them being to be seen on ancient monuments. They are very simple, light, and drove by the traveller himself. Arbuthnot. CALCEATED. adj. [calceatus, Lat.] Shod; - fitted with shoes. CALCEDO'NIUS. n. s. [Lat.] A kind of precious stone.

Calcedonius is of the agate kind, and of a misty grey, clouded with blue, or with purple. Woodward on Fossils.

To CALCINATE. See To CALCINE.

In hardening, by baking without melting, the heat hath these degrees; first, it indurateth, then CALCINATION. n. s. [from calcine; calmaketh fragile, and lastly it doth calcinate. Bacon. cination, Fr.] Such a management of

'bodies by fire, as renders them reducible to powder; wherefore it is called chymical pulverization. This is the next degree of the power of fire beyond that of fusion; for when fusion is longer continued, not only the more subtile particles of the body itself fly off, but the particles of fire likewise insinuate themselves in such multitudes, and are so blended through its whole substance, that the fluidity, first caused by the fire, can no longer subsist. From this union arises a third kind of body, which being very porous and brittle, is easily reduced to powder; for, the fire having penetrated every where into the pores of the body, the particles are both hindered from mutual contact, and divided into minute atoms. Quincy. Divers residences of bodies are thrown away, as soon as the distillation or calcination of the body that yieldeth them is ended. Boyle. This may be effected, but not without a calcination, or reducing it by art into a subtile powder. Brown's Vulgar Errours. CALCINATORY. n. s. [from calcinate.] A vessel used in calcination. To CALCI'NE. v. a. [calciner, Fr. from caix, Lat.]

1. To burn in the fire to a calx, or friable substance. See CALCINATION.

The solids seem to be earth, bound together with some oil; for if a bone be calcined, so as the least force will crumble it, being immersed in oil, it will grow firm again. Arbuthnot.

2. To burn up.

Fiery disputes that union have calcin'd, Almost as many minds as men we find. Denham. To CALCINE. v. n. To become a calx by heat.

This chrystal is a pellucid fissile stone, clear as water, and without colour, enduring a red heat without losing its transparency, and in very strong heat, calcining without fusion. Newton. To CALCULATË. v. a. [calculer, Fr. from calculus, Lat. a little stone or bead, used in operations of numbers.]

1. To compute; to reckon: as, he calcu lates his expences.

2. To compute the situation of the pla nets at any certain time.

A cunning man did calculate my birth, And told me, that by water I should die. Shaks. Why all these fires, why all these gliding ghosts, Why old men, fools, and children calculate, Why all those things change from their ordinance? Shakspeare. Who were there then in the world, to observe the births of those first men, and calculate their nativities, as they sprawled out of ditches?

Bentley. 3. To adjust; to project for any certain

end.

The reasonableness of religion clearly appears, as it tends so directly to the happiness of men, and is, upon all accounts, calculated for our benefit. Tillotson.

To CALCULATE. v. n. To make a computation.

CALCULATION. n. s. [from calculate.] 1. A practice, or manner of reckoning; the art of numbering.

Cypher, that great friend to calculation; or

rather, which changeth calculation into easy
computation.
Holder on Tim.

2. A reckoning; the result of arithmeti cal operation.

If then their calculation be true, for so they reckon. Hooker. Being different from calculations of the an cients, their observations confirm not ours. Brown's Vulgar Erreuri. CALCULATOR. n. s. [from calculate.] A computer; a reckoner. CALCULATORY. adj. [from calculate.] Belonging to calculation. CA'LCULE. n. s. [calculus, Lat.] Reckon ing; compute. Obsolete.

The general calcule, which was made in the last perambulation, exceeded eight millions. Horvel's Vocal Forest.

CALCULOSE. adj. [from calculus, Lat.] CALCULOUS. ( Stony; gritty.

The volatile salt of urine will coagulate spirits of wine; and thus, perhaps, the stones, or cal culose concretions in the kidney or bladder, may be produced. Brown's Vulgar Erreurs. I have found, by opening the kidneys of a calculous person, that the stone is formed earlier than I have suggested. Sharp. CALCULUS. n. s. [Lat.] The stone in the bladder.

CA'LDRON. n. s. [chauldron, Fr. from ca lidus, Lat.] A pot; a boiler; a kettle. In the midst of all

There placed was a caldron wide and tall, Upon a mighty furnace, burning hot. Fairy Q

Some strip the skin; some portion out the spoil; The limbs, yet trembling, in the caldrons boil; Some on the fire the reeking entrails broil. Dryd.

In the late eruptions, this great hollow was like a vast caldron, filled with glowing and melted matter, which, as it boiled over in any part, ran down the sides of the mountain.

Addison

CALECHE. The same with calash. CALEFACTION. n. s. [from calefacio, Lat] 1. The act of heating any thing. 2. The state of being heated. CALEFACTIVE. adj. [from calefacio, CALEFACTORY.S Lat.] That makes

any thing hot; heating. To CA'LEFY. v. n. [calefio, Lat.] To grow hot; to be heated.

Crystal will calefy unto electricity; that is, a power to attract straws, or light bodies, and con vert the needle, freely placed. Brown.

To CA'LEFY. v. a. To make hot. CALENDAR, n. s. [calendarium, Lat.] A register of the year, in which the months, and stated times, are marked, as festivals and holidays.

What hath this day deserv'd? what hath it'

done,

That it in golden letter should be set, Among the high tides, in the calendar? Shaksp We compute from calendars differing from one another; the compute of the one anticipating that of the other.

Brown.

CAʼLENDRER. n. s. [from calender.] The person who calenders. CA'LENDS. n. s. [calenda, Lat. It has no singular.] The first day of every month among the Romans. CALENTURE. n. s. [from caleo, Lat.] A distemper peculiar to sailors in hot climates; wherein they imagine the sea to be green fields, and will throw themselves into it.

Quincy.

And for that lethargy was there no cure, But to be cast into a calenture.

So, by a calenture misled,

The mariner with rapture sees,

On the smooth ocean's azure bed, Enamell'd fields, and verdant trees: With eager haste he longs to rove In that fantastic scene, and thinks

Denham.

It must be some enchanted grove; Swift. And in he leaps, and down he sinks. CALF. R. S. calves in the plural. [cealF, Saxon; kalf, Dutch.]

1. The young of a cow.

The colt hath about four years of growth; and so the fawn, and so the calf.

Bacon.

Acosta tells us of a fowl in Peru, called condore, which will kill and eat up a whole calf at Wilkins. a time.

Ah, Blouzelind! I love thee more by half Than does their fawns, or cows the new-fall'n Gay. calf. 2. Calves of the lips, mentioned by Hosea, signify sacrifices of praise and prayers, which the captives of Babylon addressed to God, being no longer in a condition to offer sacrifices in his temple. Calmet.

Turn to the Lord, and say unto him, Take away all iniquity, and receive us graciously so Hosea. will we render the calves of our lips. 3. By way of contempt and reproach, applied to a human being, a dolt; a stupid wretch.

When a child haps to be got,
That after proves an ideot;
When folk perceive it thriveth not,
Some silly doating brainless calf,

That understands things by the half,
Says, that the fairy left the oaf,
And took away the other.

Drayton's Nym. 4. The thick, plump, bulbous part of the

leg. [kalf, Dutch.]

Into her legs I'd have love's issues fall, And all her calf into a gouty small.

The calf of that leg blistered.

Suckling. Wiseman.

Prideaux.

This language is incapable of caligraphy. CA'LIPERS. See CALLIPERS. CA'LIVER. n. s. [from caliber.] A handgun, a harquebuse; an old musket.

Come, manage me your caliver. Shakspeare. CALIX. n. s. [Latin.] A cup: a word used in botany; as, the calix of a flower. To CALK. v. a. [from calage, Fr. hemp, with which leaks are stopped; or from cæle, Sax. the keel. Skinner.] To stop the leaks of a ship.

There is a great errour committed in the manner of calking his majesty's ships; which being done with rotten oakum, is the cause they are leaky. Raleigh's Essays. So here some pick out bullets from the side; Some drive old oakum through each seam and rift;

Their left hand does the calking iron guide, The rattling mallet with the right they lift. Dryd. CA'LKER. n. s. [from calk.] The workman that stops the leaks of a ship.

The ancients of Gebal, and the wise men there. of, were in thee thy calkers; all the ships of the sea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy Ezekiel. thy merchandize. CAʼLKING. n. s. A term in painting, used where the backside is covered with black lead, or red chalk, and the lines traced through on a waxed plate, wall, or other matter, by passing lightly over each stroke of the design with a point, which leaves an impression of the colour Chambers. on the plate or wall.

To CALL. v. a. [calo, Lat. kalder, Danish.]

1. To name; to denominate.

And God called the light day, and the darkGenesis. ness he called night.

2. To summon, or invite, to or from any place, thing, or person. It is often used with local particles, as up, down, in, out, off

Be not amazed; call all your senses to you; defend my reputation, or bid farewel to your Shakspeare. good life for ever.. Why came not the slave back to me wheni

called him?

Shakspeare's King Lear

Are you call'd forth from out a world of men, To slay the innocent? Shakspeare's Richard 111. Lodromus, that famous captain, was called up, and told by his servants that the general was fled. Knolles's History.

Milton.

Or call up him that left half told The story of Cambuscan bold. Drunkenness calls of the watchmen from their towers; and then evils proceed from a loose heart, and an untied tongue. Taylor's Holy Living. The soul makes use of her memory, to call to mind what she is to treat of. Duppa.

Such fine employments our whole days divide; The salutations of the morning tide Call up the sun; those ended, to the hall We wait the patron, hear the lawyers bawl.,

Dryden. Then by consent abstain from further spoils, Call off the dogs, and gather up the spoils. Addis. By the pleasures of the imagination or fancy, I mean such as arise from visible objects, when we call up their ideas into our minds by paintings, statues, or descriptions. Addison.

Why dost thou call my sorrows up afresh? My father's name brings tears into my eyes. Addison.

I am called off from public dissertations, by a domestic affair of great importance. Tatler.

schylus has a tragedy intitled Persa, in which the shade of Darius is called up. Broome. The passions call away the thoughts, with incessant importunity, toward the object that excited them. Watts.

3. To convoke; to summon together. Now call we our high court of parliament. Shakspeare. The king being informed of much that had passed that night, sent to the lord mayor to call a common council immediately. Clarendon. 4. To summon judicially.

The king had sent for the earl to return home, where he should be called to account for all his miscarriages. Clarendon.

Once a day, especially in the early years of life and study, call yourselves to an account, what new ideas, what new proposition or truth, you have gained. Watts.

5. To summon by command.

In that day did the Lord God of hosts call to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth. Issiah.

6. In the theological sense, to inspire with ardours of piety, or to summon into the church.

Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God. Romans. 7. To invoke; to appeal to.

I call God for a record upon my soul, that, to spare you, I came not as yet unto Corinth. 2 Cor. 8. To appeal to.

When that lord perplexed their councils and designs with inconvenient objections in law, the authority of the lord Manchester, who had trod the same paths, was still called upon. Clarendon. 9. To proclaim; to publish.

Nor ballad-singer, plac'd above the crowd, Sings with a note so shrilling, sweet, and loud; Ner parish clerk, who calls the psalm so clear.

Gay.

zo. To excite; to put in action; to bring into view.

He swells with angry pride, And calls forth all his spots on every side. Cowley. See Dionysius Homer's thoughts refine, And call new beauties forth from ev'ry line. Pope. 11. To stigmatize with some opprobrious denomination.

Deafness unqualifies men for all company,

muster-roll.

18. To call out. To challenge; to summon to fight.

When their sov'reign's quarrel calls 'em out, His foes to mortal combat they defy. Dryden. To CALL. . N.

1. To stop without intention of staying. This meaning probably rose from the custom of denoting one's presence at the door by a call; but it is now used with great latitude. This sense is well enough preserved by the particles on or at; but is forgotten, and the expres sion made barbarous, by in.

2. To make a short visit.

And, as you go, call on my brother Quintus, And pray him, with the tribunes, to come to me. Ben Jenson.

He ordered her to call at his house once a-week, which she did for some time after, when he heard no more of her.

Temple.

That I might begin as near the fountain-head as possible, I first of all called in at St. James's. Addison's Spectator.

We called in at Morge, where there is an ar tificial port.

Addison on Italy.