He fled full soon On the first of June But he bade the rest keep fighting. Elegy on Jean Bon St. André, in the Antijacobin. (This whimsical coincidence was pointed out by a friend.) 17. In the fifteenth Odyssey, where Telemachus requests permission for himself and his companion to depart, Menelaus yields to his request with the saying— Χρὴ ξεῖνον παρεόντα φιλεῖν, ἐθέλοντα δὲ πέμπειν. Od. xv. 74. In the late novel of Rob Roy, where Baillie Nicol Jarvie has been intiinating to the Highland leader the necessity of himself and his companion taking their leave, the latter replies in a similar manner— "Aweel, kinsman, ye ken our fashion-foster the guest that comes--further him that maun gang." Rob Roy, 11. p. 227. 18. -si neque fervidis Pars inclusa caloribus Mundi, nec Boreæ finitimum latus, Duratæque solo nives Mercatorem abigunt.- -Hor. Lib. III. Od. xxiv. 36. -where busy Commerce waits To darker climes, or climes of brighter day Cowper, Expostulation. Horace appears to have been a favorite author with Cowper. 19. Qualis ubi ad terras, abrupto sidere, nimbus It mare per medium Antevolant, sonitumque ferunt ad littora venti. Virg. Æn. XII. 451–455. Casimir has made a beautiful application of this expression: et qui jam morientibus Instabat, urgentisque leti Frigidus antevolabat horror. Casim. Epod. (ad S. Stanislaum Kostkam.) 20. When we are idle, we tempt the devil to tempt us, as careless persons make thieves. Baxter's Saints' Rest, chap. xi. § 6. And thus, in wrath and envy and despair, She tempted Hell to tempt her-Southey's Kehama, XI. 21. Nequicquam Deus abscidit Prudens Oceano dissociabili Terras si tamen impiæ : Non tangenda rates transiliunt vada. Hor. Lib. 1. Od. III. 21. Oh! why has Jehovah, in forming the world, His ramparts of rocks round the continent hurl'd, If man may transgress his eternal command, To ravage the uttermost earth? Montgomery, Ode on the Ocean. 22. As a servant earnestly desireth the shadow, and as an hireling looketh for the reward of his work: so am I made to possess months of vanity, and wearisome nights are appointed to me. Job vii. 2, 3. Ως δ' ὅτ' ἀνὴρ δόρποιο λιλαίεται, τε πανῆμαρ δόρπον ἐποίχεσθαι, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ' ἰόντι ὡς Ὀδυσῆ ἀσπαστὸν ἔδν φάος ἠελίοιο. Hom. Odyss. XIII. 31. 23. Ως δ' ὅτ' ἐν οὐρανῷ ἄστρα φαεινὴν ἀμφὶ σελήνην φαίνετ' ἀριπρεπέα, κ. τ. λ. τόσσα μεσηγὺ νεῶν, ἠδὲ Ξάνθοιο ροάων, Τρώων καιόντων πυρὰ φαίνετο Ιλιόθι πρό. Hom. Il. VIII. 551. Nox erat, et late stellarum more videbam Barbaricos ardere focos. -Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 453. -soon a score of fires, I ween, From height, and hill, and cliff were seen ; Each from each the signal caught; Each after each they glanced to sight, As stars arise upon the night. Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel, 111. st. 29. 24. Ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἀναΐξῃ νόος ἀνέρος, ὅστ ̓ ἐπὶ πολλὴν γαῖαν ἐληλουθὼς, φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι νοήσῃ, ἔνθ ̓ εἴην, ἢ ἔνθα, μενοινήσειέ τε πολλά· ὥς κραιπνῶς μεμαυῖα διέπτατο πότνια "Ηρη. Hom. Il. xv. 80. So Claudian of the horses of Pluto: torrentius amne Hyberno, tortaque ruunt pernicius hasta : Quantum non jaculus Parthi, non impetus Austri, Non leve sollicitæ mentis discurrit acumen. Claud. Pros. II. 198. -τὸν δὲ στερεὸν καὶ ἄνουσον ὠκύτερον ποίησε νοήματος αιψηροῖο ἴσος ἐπουρανίοις Ποδαλείριος. 25. Quæ contra vetitum discordia? Quint. Smyrn. Ix. 461. —Virg. Æn. x. 9. Rather, how hast thou yielded to transgress The strict forbiddance? -Milton, Par. Lost, IX. 90. 26. Septemque qui fulcit Triones 27. Carpathus -Casim. Od. Lib. III. -Hills that prop the polar star-Campbell, Ode to Winter. That on th' unnumber'd idle pebbles chafes, Cannot be heard so high.-Shakespeare's King Lear, Act Iv. Sc. 5. Their way was on the margin of the land, O'er the green summit of the rocks, whose base Beats back the roaring surge, scarce heard so high. Cowper's Task, VI. 28. Novistine locum potiorem rure beato? etc. etc. Hor. Lib. I. Ep. x. 1. 14. "Tis born with all, the love of Nature's works— A garden, in which nothing thrives, has charms, are they not all proofs That man, immured in cities, still retains His inward inextinguishable thirst Of rural scenes ? -Cowper's Task, IV. 731.753. 29. -Non segnius ardens Incurrit Tydeus, quam flammiger ales olori Imminet, et magna trepidum circumligat umbra. Stat. Theb. VIII. There is a simile in Walter Scott somewhat resembling this in idea : 30. Such glance the mountain eagle threw, As, from the cliffs of Benvenue, She spread her dark sails on the wind, And, high in middle heaven reclin'd, With her broad shadow on the lake, Silenced the warblers of the brake. Lady of the Lake, III. st. -ΕΤ. εἰς χέρας λεύσσεις ἐμάς ; ΠΟΛ. εἰσορῶ· δειλὸν δ ̓ ὁ πλοῦτος, καὶ φιλόψυχον κακόν. Eurip. Phoen. 605, Porson. There is a similar taunt ascribed to Polynices in Statius: "Quo retrahis, germane, gradus? O languida somno, Membra vides: disce arma pati, nec fidere lætis.” Theb. XI. 547. To the passages adduced in No. 11. of the Miscellanea Classica, (Class. Journ. No. xxxII. p. 33. art. 2.) as parallel to that of Horace, "Nam, quæ nivali pascitur Algido," &c. add the following from Tibullus : Est nobis voluisse satis: nec munera parva Parvaque cœlestes pacavit mica, nec illis Semper indurato taurus cadit hostia cornu. Lib. IV. 1. 7, 14. To the passage quoted from Horace in the same number (p. 35, art. 12.) as parallel to that in Sophocles, rò yàp Pavlèv rís áv dúvair άуévvηTOV TоLeir; add the following from Milton, which resembles ἀγέννητον ποιεῖν the lines of Horace more than those of Sophocles: But past who can recall, or done undo? Not God omnipotent, nor fate- Horace imitated Pindar, Ol. 11. 29. —τῶν δὲ πεπραγμένων ἐν δίκα τε καὶ παρὰ δίκαν χρόνος, ὁ πάντων πατὴρ, δύναιτο θέμεν ἔργων τέλος. Paradise Lost, IX. 926. In the same number (p. 36, art. 22, printed by mistake 20.) an instance of coincidence between Eschines and the poet Cowper was noticed. The writer has since met with the same passages in a note on an article in the Quarterly Review, vol. 1v. p. 208, art. Gifford's. Political Life of Pitt. In No. III. of the Misc. Class. (Class. Journ. No. XXXIII. p. 38. art. 10.) was quoted from Herbert (with a similar passage from Young,) Thus we prevent the last great day, And judge ourselves. The following (from a sermon of Robert Hall's) contains a noble developement of a similar idea. " At the day of judgment, the attention excited by the surrounding scene, the strange aspect of nature, the dissolution of the elements, and the last trump, will have no other effect than to cause the reflections of the sinner to return with a more overwhelming tide on his own character, his sentence, his unchanging destiny; and, amid the innumerable millions who surround him, he . will mourn apart. It is thus the Christian minister should endeavour of eyes every one to prepare the tribunal of conscience, and turn the of his hearers on himself." Sermon on the Discouragements and Sup66 In vain their ports of the Christian Minister, pp. 23, 24.-The lines, bones unburied lie," quoted in No. 1. of the Misc. Class. (Class. Journ. vol. xv. p. 303. art. 21.) of which the reference was accidentally omitted, are from Lord Byron's poem on the Death of Admiral Parker, printed among the miscellaneous poems at the end of Childe Harold, Cantos I. and II. The sentiment has often been repeated since Thucydides. CECILIUS METELLUS. .336 AN ESSAY ON MOODS. PART I. THERE is no part of grammar which is, in general, less satisfactorily explained than the theory and use of moods. Almost all the writers on this subject appear to content themselves with following the method that others have followed before them-or perhaps they add a few observations of their own, which are forced to coincide with the original system. Hence arises a degree of confusion in the use of terms, and an obscurity of expression, which it would be most desirable to avoid. To attempt any practical improvement, in this respect, would probably be considered as a mere fanciful innovation. Age seems to have consecrated a particular arrangement, and particular names, which it would be little less than impiety towards the mighty dead to violate. But if we dare not change what has been long established, it is, at least, our business to form as clear conceptions on this important subject as possible; and, while we use the same terms that others have done, not to bind ourselves to adopt their opinions. That it is a subject of very considerable difficulty, every person will acknowledge; and that this difficulty was felt, even by the classic writers of Greece and Rome, is evident from the variety in their manner of expression, and the different uses which they make of the same forms of the verb. Hence it may be impossible to lay down unexceptionable rules with regard to the origin and use of moods; but, although we cannot accomplish all that we desire, we should not be discouraged from making an humble attempt to come near it. Est quodam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra.-Hor. In order to form a clear conception, therefore, of moods, we must consider the subject in two points of view. First, as to the origin, which, of course, will be entirely speculative; and, secondly, as to the use, which can be deduced only from observations on languages as they are spoken, or written. I. ORIGIN OF MOODS. The nature of the human frame is such that it continually requires food, cloathing, and refreshment by repose after exertion. Almost all our actions are influenced, more or less, by sensations such as these. Without some object exciting our desires, we |