above the Waun y Groes, on the wild heath that forms the upper portion of the valley, without any satisfactory trace of any ancient road being attained as long as they had been moving amongst the enclosed farms. But upon going forwards towards Bwlch y Ddwyfaen, we soon hit upon a raised turfen road, lying on the western side of the valley, above the usual line, and then learned from our guides, and the ordnance map, that it could be traced towards Caer Rhun. Its character became more and more apparent as we advanced; it was straight, on an uniform ascent, formed of stones raised into an embankment, now turfed over, and evidently superior in construction to any British track-ways we had seen. It closely corresponded, moreover, in character with the Roman roads in England and Wales; and, from these circumstances, and the geographical features of the locality, we had no longer any doubt about having actually determined its direction. We walked along this road all the way to the pass, amidst the wild and sublime scenery of that elevated tract, seeing the usual horse path sometimes near us, at others far off; and at length we arrived at the summit of Bwlch y Ddwyfaen.

Before reaching this lonely spot, however, we had come upon several interesting British antiquities. In particular, not far from the pass, a circle of stones, about 70 feet in diameter; some stones, of no great size, still remained in situ; the rest were gone, but the trace of the circle was very plain. After this occurred a second circle of the same dimensions, with only five large stones remaining; but with a circular cytt or house, 5 feet in diameter, inside the circumference. Our guide informed us that according to local tradition these were called cerrig y pryved, "the stones of the flies." On approaching still nearer to Bwlch y Ddwyfaen, we discovered the two carneddau for which the pass is locally celebrated. They appeared to be nothing more than collections of circular cyttiau heaped together, and might have formed abodes for a garrison to defend this passage over the mountains. The local tradition is, that they were heaps of stones thrown down there by a giant and his wife, who were going to Anglesey. As they were coming up the hill they met a man, whom they questioned how far it might be to Mona. He shewed them some wooden clogs on his feet, nearly worn to pieces, and told them that these were new when he quitted the island, and that he had walked straight ever since. The giant's wife was discouraged at the distance implied by this answer, and threw down the contents of her apron, which formed one, or both, of the carneddau. So much for the poetry of the place. Near them are the remains of a wide and dry stone wall, like the British military walls, enclosing a frith, or mountain farm; and probably there was a permanent station at this important point, with accommodation for housing cattle, and for keeping up a constant residence there.

At the top of the pass itself are the two Meiniau Hirion, or erect stones, from which it derives its name, thrown down there, it is said, by our friend the giant. Only one is now standing, of which the accompanying illustration conveys a faithful idea. The portion of it still above ground is 9 feet high ; the circumference at the base is 16 feet 6 inches; it tapers to a conical point at the top, and is composed of a curious breccia, containing pebbles of red porphyry, horn-stone, and quartz, cemented together in a slaty base. The stone which is fallen down is a parallelopiped, 8 feet by 3 feet 3 inches and 2 feet 6 inches.

Looking downward, in a line from Bwlch y Ddwyfaen towards Aber, we could see the Roman road running distinctly along the hill side, and we determined to follow it in its whole extent. Here the same construction as

to stone work continued to shew itself; but there was a kind of trench on either side, and in places the road seemed to have been taken through a cutting in the hill, so as itself to look more like a trench than a road. About a quarter of a mile westward from the pass we came upon three cyttiau, forming one carnedd; and hereabouts the Roman road and agger were exceedingly well marked and evident. At another quarter of a mile's distance we found a large carnedd that had been opened, and in the midst a bedd or tomb, made of several upright stones, being altogether 4 feet 6 inches by 1 foot 7 inches in length and width. The covering stone was gone, but no doubt it had been a large slab, thus forming a cromlech. This was close by the side of the Roman road. Another carnedd on the road side, with a similar tomb-coffin in the middle, was met with lower down towards Aber, above Bodseillyn. Some previous visitor had been considerate enough to point out the former of these carneddau for the good of future explorers, by heaping up large pieces of white quartz in such a conspicuous manner that they could not fail of attracting attention. Not far from this spot we found a large carnedd that had been opened like the rest, with a double range of stones, forming circles round it; those of the outer circle being erect, though small. The outer diameter was 30 feet, the inner 24 feet. In the midst was a bedd or tomb-coffin, with the side stones quite perfect, and the upper stone or slab merely pushed on one side. This constituted a regular cromlech. The dimensions of the tomb inside the carnedd were 4 feet 4 inches by 2 feet 3 inches, and of the upper stone 9 feet by 4 feet. It stands close to the Roman road, on the northern or sea side of the line. A second carnedd, 18 feet in diameter, similar to this, occurred a little farther on, with the stone cover of the tomb lying on one side. Near this we observed the remains of a straight British wall of stones, running by the road for some distance.

Still pursuing the track of the Roman road, we came above Llydiart y Mynydd, to a large British enclosure, in fine preservation, of which I have appended a plan. It consisted of an oblong range of walls, with the outer entrance sharp and perfect, pointing north-north-west, and within were two circular houses of considerable size, well characterized in their entrance, besides other smaller ones of irregular shape. Beyond the main enclosure were the traces of others adjoining; and the whole impressed us strongly with the idea of its being a station guarding the line of road, or else perhaps