A.D. 1646.

A.D. 1647.

23 Maii: Ludlow was yealded to the Parliament.

11 Junii: Carnarvon towne and castle were yealded up to the Parlm by the Lord Byron, governor thereof, to Coll. Mitton.

13 Junii: S Thos: Mydleton' cam first to Chirk Castle after it was deserted by Sr Jno Watts.

25 Junii: Oxford, and Beaumarish in Anglesey, weare surrendered to the Parlm; Beaumarish reduced by Coll. Mitton.

27 Octobris: Denbigh Castle was surrendered to Coll. Mytton, for the use of the Parliamt., by W. Salusbury, of Bachymbyd, governor thereof.

The of January, 1647. Holt Castle was surrendered to Colonell Mytton, by Sr Ric. Lloyd.

Harlech Castle surrendered 13° Martii, 1647, secund. comput. R. Vachan, whom I take followed y Eccles. Vulgar account, wch is the same with my 1647; for I beginne yo yere in these Remembrances, wth the Historical yere, beeginning the first of January.

THE REGALIA OF WALES.

THE most interesting relic in Wales was the "Croes Naid,” (the Cross of Refuge,) which was supposed to be a part of the real Cross on which our Saviour suffered. Ross, in his Antiquities of Warwick, says, that St. Neot brought this treasure into Wales from the holy land; but a Welsh bard, on the contrary, says,

"Dioben Elen Godebog

I Gred a gavas y Grog."

"Without difficulty, Elen Godebog

Found the Cross for Christendom."

1 Sir Thomas Middleton, Knt. of Chirk Castle, died in 1666, at the age of fourscore. The last twenty years of his life he had mostly spent in active service for the Commonwealth.

2 Colonel William Salusbury, of Bachymbyd, the brave governor of Denbigh Castle, was commonly called Salusbury Hosanau Gleison, or Blue Stockings. The siege was commenced about the 16th of July, but the besieged made a most gallant defence, and only surrendered on the most honourable terms.

A similar statement is made in the "Genealogy of the Saints;"-" Elen found the blessed Cross, after it had been concealed in the earth by the Jews."

This relic was afterwards gilded and adorned with gold, silver, and precious stones, and carried on certain occasions before the Prince of Wales.

Einion ab Ivor, Davydd ab Gronwy, and others, having betrayed their prince, Davydd, brother of the last Llewelyn, to Edward I., then at Rhuddlan Castle, brought him to the English monarch, together with the Regalia, amongst which were the Croes Naid and the crown of King Arthur. “And so," observe the English chroniclers on the subject, “the glory of the Welsh, though against their will, was tranferred to the English."1

The following extract from Rot. Wall. ii. Edw. I., m. 1., refers to this affair :

"Pro Anyano filio Ynor et aliis qui detulerunt ad regem partem illam pretiosisimi ligni Crucis quæ a Wallensibus vocatur Croysseneyht habeant hanc libertatem quod non teneantur in aliquo exercitu regis sequi extra quatuor cantreda."

Edward conveyed these in great solemnity to Westminster Abbey, attended by the Archbishop of Canterbury and his suffragans, dressed in their sacred robes, and a vast number of people. He there placed them on the high altar, probably as offerings, as his son, Alphonso, had before done with the ring of Llewelyn and other jewels. These latter were taken to adorn the tomb of Edward the Confessor; but what became of the others is not known. If they were deposited in the Tower, they have shared the same fate as every thing else which fell into Gromwell's sacrilegious hands. No regalia of older date than the time of Charles II. are to be found in the Tower.2

URIEN.

1 Annal. Waverl.-Matth. Westm.

2 Rev. T. Price, Hanes Cymru,

p. 787.

HERALDRY.

HISTORICAL ARMS.

In the eleventh year of the reign of Henry II., Cadivor ap Dyvnwal, Lord of Castell Howel, at the head of a detachment of the forces of Rhys, Prince of South Wales, took by escalade, the Castle of Cardigan, then held by the Earl of Clare, and a body of Flemings, for the English monarch. For which action he was enriched by Rhys with several estates, and permitted to bear the following arms:-" Sable, a spear's head, argent, imbrued, gules, between three scaling ladders of the second (two and one ;) on a chief of the third, a castle triple towered, proper.'

Llewelyn ap Ynyr o Iâl, while in conversation with Owen Gwynedd, Prince of North Wales, after the battle of Crogen, A.D. 1165, accidentally drew his left hand, smeared with blood, across his sword, and left the mark of his four bloody fingers, which the prince discovering, ordained that he should carry similar marks on his shield, whence he subsequently bore "Paly of eight, argent and gules."

66

Ednyved Vychan, Lord of Brynffenigl, in Denbighland, and Criccieth, in Eivionydd, Chief Justice and General of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, king of North Wales, bore, originally, Gules, a Saracen's head, erased at the neck, argent, environed about the temples with a wreath, or, and argent;" which were the arms of his ancestor, Marchudd ap Cynan. However, after defeating the English army, under Ranulph, Earl of Chester, and killing three of its chief captains, whose heads he laid at his master's feet, Llewelyn directed, as a reward, that in future he should bear. "Gules, between three Englishmen's heads, in profile, couped at the neck, proper, bearded and crined, sable, a cheveron, ermine."

Morgan le Yonge, of the family of the Yonges of Bryn Yorcin, co. Flint, had lands granted him in the reign of Richard II., for having taken prisoner a Spanish grandee of great note, and was permitted to bear his arms, "Gules, a toison, or," in a canton on his own shield.

The arms of the Vaughans of Brecknockshire, were "Sable, three boys' heads couped at the shoulders, argent, crined, or, each having a snake wreathed round his neck, azure." Sometimes they were borne with "a cheveron, argent." In

accounting for these ensigns, tradition says that some one of the ancestors of the family was born with a snake about his neck.

ALLUSIVE ARMS.

The standard of y Blaidd Rhudd, (the ruddy or bloody wolf,) Lord of Gest, near Penmorva, bore "a wolf, passant, on an azure ground." His descendant, Rhirid Vlaidd, (Rhirid the wolf) Lord of Penllyn in Merionethshire, in the twelfth century, bore "Argent, on a pile vert, three wolves' heads, erased of the field." [Griffith Goch, (the red,) Lord of Rhos, and Rhyvoniog, bore "Or, a Griphon, rampant, gules."]

The family of Lluellyn, (or Llewelyn-lion-like,) of Fletchham Lodge, co. Surrey, but of Welsh extraction, bears "Argent, a lion, rampant, sable, crowned, or, langued, gules," Lewis, (another name for Llewelyn,) of Newhouse, Glamorganshire, bears "Sable, a lion, rampant, argent."

Lewis of St. Pierre, Monmouthshire, bears "Or, a lion, rampant, guardant, sable.”

Llewelyn, the last Prince of Wales, bore "Quarterly, or, and gules, four lions, passant, guardant, counter changed."

CRESTS.

Historical.-Robert Davies, Esq., of Gwysanney, co. Flint, obtained from the College of Heralds, April 20, 1581, a grant of the following crest: "A lion's head, erased, quarterly, argent and sable, langued, gules."

Allusive. Price of Bryn y Pys, (Peas Bank,) co. Flint, has for his crest "a cock, with a pea-pod in its mouth."

MOTTOES.

The mottoe, "Marte et Mari faventibus," borne by Morris of York, seems to have a reference to the etymological meaning of the family name:- Mawr rwysg,-(of great sway ;) or, Mor rhys, (eager for the sea.)

The Hugheses of Gwerclas, Barons of Kymmer yn Edeirnion, assumed as their mottoe, the name of their barony. These had also supporters to their arms, viz., "Dexter, a lion, rampant, sable, armed and langued, gules, (the black lion of Powys)-sinister, a dragon, gules, with wings displayed, (the cognizance of the Sovereigns of Wales.")

TITLES.

John Salisbury, in his Book of Pedigrees, says, that the princes of Powys were lords paramount of both Maelors, Nanheudwy, &c.; and that the descendants of Tudor Trevor were their barons, called Uchelwyr, (or nobles,) in old manuscripts.

Lewys Dwnn, Deputy Herald at Arms for all Wales, 1550-1580, in reference to the origin of the word “Baron,” says, that when Fitzhamon and his knights had taken possession of Glamorgan, finding the natives styling their several chieftains Brenin Morganwg, Brenin Gwent, Brenin Dyved, &c., signifying King of Glamorgan, King of Gwent, &c., they composed a word in their own tongue, "Baron," with the same signification, meaning a man of rank.1

GENEALOGY.

OLIVER CROMWELL.-It is not generally known that the Protector was of Welsh descent; such, however, was the case. His great great grandfather was William ap Ieuan, a gentleman of good family in the county of Glamorgan, who held an honourable office in the household of Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford. A son of this William, who went by the name of Morgan ap William, alias Morgan Williams, married a sister of Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex. His eldest son, Richard, received the honours of knighthood, and assumed, at the desire of Henry VIII., the surname of his uncle Cromwell. Most of the family, however, continued to write their names Cromwell, alias Williams, down to the time of James I. Sir Richard had a son, named Robert, who settled in the town of Huntingdon, and became a brewer there. His son was the celebrated Oliver, who was declared Lord Protector in the year 1653. This distinguished personage bore his paternal ensigns, viz., "Sable, a lion rampant, argent."

1 All, perhaps, that Lewys Dwnn means to state is, that the Norman intruders adopted their own feudal term "Barones" as an equivalent for the Celtic term. The word "Baro" was of much earlier date; as may be seen on referring to Ducange Gloss. Med. et Infim. Lat. vol. i. in voce Baro, where the possible derivations of the term are explained and discussed at full length. ED. ARCH. CAMB.