enjoyed their national independence, and therefore they may be taken as fair specimens of the domestic manners of our ancestors in the middle ages. We subjoin a literal translation of these curious and interesting triads.

THE TRIADS OF POLITENESS.

1. The three pillars of politeness:-a respectful salutation according to manners and fashion; an affectionate and hospitable reception; and a courteous demeanour, gratifying to the person respected.

2. The three souls of politeness:-respect; liberality; and

amusement.

3. The three essentials of politeness:-welcome; protection; and habitual courtesy.

4. The three amiabilities of politeness: - vocal music; instrumental music; and wise and amusing instruction.

5. The three beauties of politeness: - wisdom; knowledge; and affection.

6. The three salutations of politeness:-a word of courtesy; an inquiry respecting the state and condition of the man and his family; and an invitation to mutual friendship. 7. The three salutations at meeting, required by politeness:-"God bless you, your work or employment; "Good, whatever part of the day it may be, to you;" and, "God be with you."

8. The three salutations at departing: -"God be with you;" "Good day, according to the time, to you;" and "hail," or "may it be well with you."

9. The three principal gifts of politeness:-food; protection; and instruction.

10. The three common things of entertainment according to politeness:-food; bed; and a harp.

11. Three kinds of travellers that one must walk differently with, according to the manners and custom of politeness, and the custom of the gentility of the Welsh nation:that is to say, we must walk behind him who is acquainted with the road; before him who is not acquainted with the road; and leave the right side to him who walks with us, or whom we may meet on the road, passing him with a courteous salutation.

12. There are three genteel customs required by politeness:walking together; mutual arguing; and telling tales one to another.

13. Three things, which according to politeness, should not be asked of a guest :-where he came from; his worldly condition; and the place of his destination.

14. The three claims of politeness, dating from the last invitation of the host:-three days' protection; travelling sustenance; and kindness.

15. The three excellencies of politeness:-dainties; joy; and presents.

16. The three gains of politeness:-love; honour; and protection in time of need.

17. The three rewards of the excellencies of politeness: the approbation of God; the approbation of man; and the approbation of the heart and conscience of him who exercises it.

18. The three energies of politeness:-love; joy; and liberality.

19. The three claimants of politeness:-a stranger; the performer of eminent feats; and one who has lost his way. 20. Three persons who are entitled to politeness:—the poor: infirm; and a female.

21. Three persons who have the precedence in regard to politeness: the distressed; a female; and a stranger.

22. The three who are first in point of precedence according to politeness:-the most infirm; the poorest; and he who does not know the language.

23. The three primary classes of politeness:-lodging; sincerity; and love.

24. The three questioners of politeness:—a chieftain; a female; and a social stranger.

25. Three persons who have the privilege of politeness :a clergyman; a devotee; and a child.

26. Three entreaties "for the sake of," which cannot, according to politeness, be refused:-for the sake of God and his peace; for the sake of him who asks; and for the sake of what might occur and happen.

27. Three persons to whom politeness should be shewn in right of courtesy:—a gentleman, out of respect and honour to him; a female, out of amiableness and protection to her; and a child, out of protection and instruction to it.

28. There are three privileges of gentility according to the politeness of the Welsh nation:-the privilege of birth; the privilege of literature and science; and the privilege of laudable feats performed for the sake of country and nation.

29. There are three treasons against politeness:-to accuse the guest; to reveal his secrets; and to violate the protection of three days:- and that protection extends from the time he has been received until the end of three days, and from that time again until the end of three score hours after it has been said, "God prosper you," or "God be with you," or "May it be well with you from God."

30. The three common privileges of politeness:-the protection of God, and his peace; natural compassion; and the noble courtesy of the Welsh nation.

31. The three different privileges of politeness:-affectionate amiableness, as, towards a female; instruction, as, towards a child, and any other ignorant person; and peculiar respect, such as ought to be paid to a man of genius, and of laudable feats, as, to a soldier, who performs an exploit, and an able sage, who improves the sciences.

32. Three things, which, according to politeness, should be prepared for guests:-a kind and affectionate reception; a ready and handsome provision; and a friendly conversation.

33. Three things that guests should be, at departing :— supplied with meat and drink; directed as to their journey; and saluted with respect and courtesy.

34. Three persons, whom the host should make to partake of food and friendship with his guests:-his wife; his eldest son; and his eldest daughter; or, whichever of them he may happen to have; and he himself superintending.

35. The three first rites on the arrival of guests:-water to wash the feet; a salutation of welcome by the heads of the family; and a chair on the hearth.

36. The three next to these:-to give the guest his arms; to supply him with meat and drink; and to shew him his bed, that he may take the repose which the body requires. 37. Three things which are handsome in a guest and visitor to be gentle; reserved; and void of fear.

38. The three protections of visiting:-the protection of God, and his peace; the protection of justice and charity; and the protection of the rites of courtesy and politeness of the Welsh nation.

39. The three benedictory salutations of a guest and visitor:-in coming in, "May the blessing of God be in the house;" whilst in it, "May the blessing of God be upon

you," or, "God bless you;" and, in leaving, "May the blessing of God attend you," as an invitatory compensation for every courtesy.

40. The three benedictory responses:-"May the blessing of God be upon you;" "The blessing of God prosper you;' and "Go your way, with the blessing of God."

41. The three customary rites of guests:-to salute under the protection and peace of God; to divest themselves of their arms, and put them into their host's hands; and to shew cause and necessity, that it might be known what should be done to and for them.

42. Three things, which it would be genteel in a guest and visitor to give wherever he comes:-his arms; his name; and his situation; and when he does so, he is entitled to the three protections of guests, whether he be a native or a stranger.

43. The three principal courtesies of welcome required by politeness:-to shew liberal kindness; to shew that food and rest be supplied to the guest according to his need; and to restore to him his own arms.

44. The three qualities of politeness, according to which guests should be entertained:-generous compassion; formal ceremony required by courtesy; and becoming and irreproachable joy.

45. The three beauties of visiting and politeness:-gentleness; domestic order; and discreet behaviour.

46. The three unseemly things of visiting:-to be extravagant; to be fond of carousing; and to be apt to slander.

47. The three dignities of visiting:-genialness of rites and manners according to the requirements of courtesy; praiseworthy and honourable knowledge; and a proper and unadulterated pronunciation according to the sense and dignity of the Welsh language and its phraseology.

48. Three things which are unseemly and unpolite in all sorts and conditions of men whatever, and wherever, and whensoever, they may be:-indolence; moroseness; and ignorance, in proportion to their rank and quality.

49. The three qualities of monstrosity, incivility, and discourteousness: a propensity to false swearing; aptness to lie; and a calumnious slander.

50. The three incivilities, which, whoever commits, is no better than the devil: a revealing of secrets; discourteousness

to such as offer lodging and welcome according to the rules of generous politeness and customary kindness; and ingratitude whenever another returns his visit.

51. The three sorts of discourteousness which are altogether adverse to politeness:-discourteousness towards a female; discourteousness towards a sage, and one who is publicly distinguished for his knowledge; and discourteousness towards a man of religion and piety.

52. The three principal revered objects of all courteous and polite salutation:-a female; a man of learning and science; and a man of political privilege and dignity.

53. There are three sorts of men, of political and national privilege and dignity, which are polite :-men of sovereignty, such as the proprietary lord and his regular and authorised officers; men of systematic religion and piety; and the teachers of national arts and sciences, whose privilege and office are authorised. That is, without these three, politeness cannot be imposed upon a country and nation.

54. The three disgraces and reproaches of a householder, according to the rules of courtesy and politeness, if they be observed in the day-time when smoke issues out of the chimney-a barking dog in the yard; thorns on his style, or his door closed; and no response made to a salutation at the door.

55. The three vocal monstrosities of visiting :-lies; obscene language; and blaming or accusing another, when such is not required by any proper person or cause, nor by the obligation of reason.

56. Three things which are monstrously unpolite in all men, and which are sure to end in their destruction:-deceit; wrath; and gluttony in meat and drink so ignoble are those qualities.

57. Three things which are indecorous over meat:-gossipping; coquetting; and praising or blaming the meat, since it should be received as God sends it.

58. Three things highly becoming in a guest and visitor:— clean person and dress; a clean speech; and clean manners and usuages; since without these qualities there can be no politeness and courtesy.

59. Three things for which nobody should receive payment from a stranger, or a traveller, who may require them-milk; salt; and bread; but for other things of