thern side; under which is placed a well-carved oaken bench, bearing the initials T. M. 1684, and a fox passant transfixed by a shaft, as an armorial device. A small square hole is in the northern wall of the church, near the western end. The southern chapel, which is separated from the chancel or eastern portion of the central aisle by five rude wooden columns, much decayed, is lighted by two square-headed windows of three lights each, one in the south, the other in the east wall. The northern chapel is entered by a doorway in the western wall, and is lighted by two windows corresponding to those in the southern chapel both in form and position, as well as by a single-light window close to the door. On a slab in this chapel is the following inscription: T. H. MILES NC CAPELLAM LAVS DEO VBT FEBR The northern gable of this chapel is topped by the remains of a curious four-armed wooden cross. The chancel is lighted by a square-headed window of three lights, over which, on the outside, is a shield surmounted by a mutilated coronet, apparently a viscount's, bearing the date 1638. The upper step under the altar bears two crossed gravestones, apparently of priests, being the two to the right hand in the annexed engraving; and over one of the doorways, used as a lintel, (a circumstance occurring several times in Anglesey,) is the third of the gravestones here figured : The church, through neglect of the parochial authorities, has been allowed to fall into such a state of dilapidation that it is almost unfit for the purposes of public worship. The population of the parish, too, has shifted from this part to another called Gaerwen, situated on the great road from Bangor to Holyhead. It has been therefore determined to build a new church on this latter spot, and to repair a certain portion of the ancient edifice so as to admit of the occasional celebration of Divine service therein. (Orientation E. by N. Invocation St. Michael the Archangel. Fest. Sept. 29.) LLANFFINAN. This small church, a chapel to Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog, stands in a highly picturesque situation. It is a modern erection of the Pseudo-Norman style, and has the cross of the old church placed on its eastern gable. Professor Rees in speaking of St. Ffinan, under whose invocation this church was originally dedicated to God's service, ob Ffinian, an Irish saint, is said to have visited St. David at Menevia about A.D. 530, and to have remained in Britain thirty years, in which time he built three churches, but their names are unknown. There was another Irish saint, and contemporary, called Ffinan, whose Welsh name, according to Usher, was Winnin. It is uncertain to which of them Llanffinan, subject to Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog, Anglesey, is dedicated.-Essay on Welsh Saints, pp. 240, 241. The saint's day is kept on September 14th. LLANGAFFO. In this parish, which is a chapelry of Llangeinwen, the church is the only mediæval building remaining. It is a very small and unimportant edifice, which is now replacing by a new church built on ground immediately adjoining the church-yard, from the designs of Hadfield. The old edifice (A.D. 1845) consists of a single aisle fifty-five feet long, by twelve feet wide, internally, with walls only ten feet high. The original style of the church was of decorated character, judging from the mouldings of the northern doorway, but the windows have all been altered. Over the western end is a single bell gable of very simple construction. The font, a circular one, of earlier date than the church, (see plate) seems to have been rudely cut underneath, in order to adapt it to an octagonal base. The lintel of the northern doorway consists of a tombstone six feet long, bearing a rudely incised cross, similar to the middle stone at Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog. In the church yard, on the southern side, is a mutilated cross on a rude pedestal, now used as a sun dial. Cross at Llangaffo, The carving is much defaced and is not easily to be decyphered, except under a peculiar light. (Invocation, St. Caflo. + VIth Cent. Fest. November 1.) Near this church stands the house of Dinam; and near to this again, but in the parish of Llanidan, is the ancient house of Bodowyr. This building, of which nothing remains but the four walls, though it was lately used as a dwelling-house, gives some idea of the style of building used in Anglesey for gentlemen's houses in the sixteenth century. The walls are three feet thick, and there was an enormous fire-place in the principal room; it is built of lime-stone, and the workmanship is good; but in a few years it will no doubt cease to exist. Its site is adjoining the field in which stands one of the best preserved though smallest cromlechs in Mona, and it is indicated on the map of the Ordnance Survey. Mention is made of it here, out of its proper parish, for the convenience of reference. We have been favoured by J. O. Westwood, Esq., with the following additional remarks connected with the inscription to King Cadvan, or Catamanus, preserved in the church of Llangadwaladr.-See Mona Mediaeva, No. II. In reference to the Catamanus inscription, I have to observe, that the A and M in the first line, the joinings of other letters, and the cursive form of the r, s, and t, are especially interesting. The form of the A as preserved on the stone in question is very old; it occurs, indeed, in all the oldest MSS. The manner of forming the M by three upright strokes, is also very old; but this is the first time I have seen it thus made in respect to the oblique bars. The following list of ancient forms of the letter M, taken from an essay which I intend publishing, on the modification of the forms of the letters in our oldest monuments, will serve to illustrate this subject: Monuments in which they occur. Lantwit Stones; Gospels of Lindisfarne, Cotton. MS. Nero D. iv. The same letter as the above, placed sideways; MS. St. Germ, Gospels of Lindisfarne. Cotton. MS. Otho C,V. (burnt); Astle tab. xv. f. 1. Gospels of Mac Regol; Bible of Charles the Bald (St. Denys). Bibl. Reg. i. E. 6. Sæc. vii. Book of St. Chad; Archbishop Usher's Gospels at Dublin, Sæc. vi. vii? Gospels of St Moling, Sæc. vii; Book of Kells. St. Moling's Gosp. at Dublin, Sæc. vii. Book of St. Chad. N. Tr. de Diplom. N. Tr. de Diplom. Lantwit Stones. The circumstance which has led me to pay more attention to this peculiar form of the letter M, which occurs in the oldest British and Irish monuments, viz. three perpendicular strokes, united by an horizontal or oblique one, is, that throughout the whole range of Roman inscriptions no such form occurs; in fact, in all early Greek and Roman inscriptions up to the fourth century, the typical form of M consists of two straight perpendicular, or oblique lines united together |