discipline as will conduce much to your future safety, and will be an effectual check against the ill behaviour of individuals, because the constable of the night who commands the watch must arrest and confine all disorderly persons, until they are examined by a court of all the dozens assembled together. I have provided six stout watch-coats for the night-watch, as also two dozen of leather caps, with capes to secure the necks of the wearer from cold and wet, which will be very useful also at the settlement in the rainy

season.

I earnestly request that all the people may be assembled at prayers morning and evening, and that you will previously appoint from amongst yourselves some proper persons to take their turns in reading; and also that you will endeavour to inculcate amongst yourselves a due sense of your entire dependence on the providence of God for your safety and success in the present expedition.

"As for myself, I have neither spared labour nor expense to procure for you, to the utmost of my abilities (and even beyond), whatever seemed to be immediately necessary; and therefore you cannot doubt my wishes and prayers for your happiness, and more especially that you may deserve it; that I may ever remain your sincere friend and servant, "GRANVILLE SHARP."

“P. S. After this letter has been read, I must request that some proper person on board may be appointed to write a copy of it, and that any other person afterward, who is capable of writing, may have recourse to it, in order to copy it, as also to take copies of the charter-party and agreement with Captain Taylor, and of the invoice of all the clothing, arms, implements, stores, provisions, and money shipped at my expense, for the benefit of the passengers and settlement, that they may have full information of the intended appropriation of all these articles, and of the general design of the whole expedition, in which every individual among them is deeply interested.

"I have ordered a cask of seeds to be carried out for your use: but observe, that you will be careful to procure also, at the Cape de Verd Islands, some other seeds and plants, as Indian corn, yams, plantains, cocoa nuts of both kinds, and plants of orangetree of the China kind (the only oranges at the settlement being of the Seville kind), figs, olives, vines, and whatever other plants you may deem most profitable.

"The lemon, or lime-tree, may be found in great abundance at the settlement, and grows there so rapidly, that mere stakes or bavins, cut from that tree, and stuck in the ground, will in a very short time strike root downwards, and branch out upward, so as to form an impenetrable fence against the panthers, and other wild beasts, for the preservation of the cattle and fowls. A ditch must first be made, and the earth from it must be thrown up as a bank, or dike, on the inside of the ditch, and on the top of that bank of earth the lime-stakes must be stuck in a row, like palisadoes, and the rest of the bank on both sides may be usefully occupied by any useful vegetable you may think proper to plant. This is called a tirpado fence, and is deemed the most effectual, though it is most easily made."

No. XII.

GENERAL ASYLUM.-(see p.387.)

The Plan of a public Charity proposed by

to which (if adopted

by the City of London) he will appropriate a small Estate in the County of· given to him, with a Recommendation to settle it on some public Charity after his Death, but the Manner of Disposal is left entirely to his own Option.

FIRST,

proposes to present a deed of gift to the Corporation of London, of the estate and manor of (to take place after his death, when the present legacies and other charges upon it shall be duly cleared), on condition that the Corporation shall immediately appropriate a part of their own revenues to support some additional regulations for Bridewell Hospital (such as may afford a worthy example to the magistrates or trustees of all other Houses of Correction throughout the kingdom): viz.—that disorderly people, committed to that Hospital (especially very young girls of the town, and boys detected in pilfering), shall not be whipped, and then turned loose again upon the town, as usual, to the destruction both of themselves and others, but shall be detained, under proper instruction both of religion and useful labour, with a very small limited allowance of food, and no strong liquor, until some creditable housekeeper will pledge (respectively for each) their future good behaviour. The Common Law will warrant such continued confinement of disorderly or suspected persons, who have no lawful calling, nor any honest means of subsistence.

And, Secondly, That the revenues of the London Workhouse, with sufficient additions from the City, shall be appropriated to a General Asylum (for Foreigners and Strangers as well as English), consisting of three separate parts-viz. one for males, another for females, and a third for families-where all industrious persons, who cannot elsewhere procure work, shall find temporary shelter and employment for a limited time, without incurring the unmerited opprobrium and inconvenience of being deemed parish paupers : for persons who are really willing to labour ought not to suffer the disgrace and inconveniences which the Statute Law has indiscriminately thrown upon the poor, whereby many of their civil rights are suspended. The children to be turned over to the care of the Governors of Christ's Hospital, with proper allowance, from the Corporation of London, for their being instructed in separate inferior schools for mere reading and labour. The sick to be sent to St. Bartholomew's or St. Thomas's Hospital, the disorderly to Bridewell, and the lunatics to Bethlehem, on the order of a joint Committee of Governors, to be nominated by the Governors of Christs's, St. Bartholo mew's, St. Thomas's, and Bridewell, and Bethlehem Hospitals, selected from their respective lists of Governors (viz. six from each list) by the Court of each Hospital; and the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, for the time being, to be perpetual Governors and Members of the Committee; so that, by means of the General Asylum,

an effectual union may be formed of all the Royal Hospitals in the City, whereby an immediate relief may be obtained from any of their respective foundations.

If the Courts of the said Hospitals, or any of them, should neglect to nominate as proposed, then the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London may select the number wanted from the lists of Governors of the said Hospitals, and nominate thence such persons to be Governors of the General Asylum as they think will be most likely to attend this charitable public service.

The Court of Aldermen to elect, from their own body, a President; and the twentyfour Governors, from the four Royal Hospitals, to elect a Vice-President; and the whole Committee of Governors to elect a Treasurer, Vice-Treasurer, and Secretary. And that a Committee-room be appointed at Guildhall, that the assistance of the Aldermen may be more easily obtained.

Thirdly, That an experiment be made of the utility of a College of Industry, to be established in the country, at some little distance from London, with twenty or thirty acres of land annexed to it, as an appendage to the General Asylum, for the reception and employment of a part of the poor people who want work. The Proposer lately sold a field of about four acres, to be appropriated to a parish poor-house; and he has reason to believe that poor people from the General Asylum, not accustomed to work in any manufactory, might be very profitably employed in agriculture and gardening, but more particularly in raising roots for the food and increase of live stock, both beasts and fowls, and in the care and management of the same, which would be very advantageous to the public, though, perhaps, at first attended with some extraordinary expense to the City. This might be conducted on the plan published in the year 1696, "for Colleges of Industry of all useful Trades and Husbandry," which is here annexed; but, with respect to those that have not been taught any trade, and especially women and children, they may, in general, be employed in spinning ordinary thread and yarn, to make clothing and bedding for the Asylum, and also in washing and mending the clothes, and otherwise assisting and providing for the helpless people in the Asylum and several Hospitals.

Elderly women, turned of sixty years of age, that can produce good characters for sobriety, honesty, and prudence, may be entrusted with the inspection and care of others as matrons, and also as teachers in the inferior working-schools, when they have sufficient abilities.

Fourthly, It is proposed to solicit the assistance and subscription of private individuals, in order to render the charity more general and effectual; and that each subscriber shall have a number of tickets for the reception of distressed persons in the Asylum, in proportion to the sum subscribed. The Tickets to be purchased of the Committee of Governors before proposed, or at their office, which might be established at Christ's Hospital, Bridewell Hospital, or Guildhall. A half-guinea ticket will afford warm and clean lodging and necessary subsistence for one man for twenty-one days; a guinea ticket for forty-two days, and so on in proportion: whereby benevolent persons will have it in their power to do more effectual charity to the poor than in any other way, and less liable to abuses. This fourth branch of the Charity may be conducted on the plan prevent starving," proposed by the late benevolent -, except in the mode of appointing Governors, because it is necessary that a Committee of Governors should be formed (as proposed above) from the Governors of the several established

hospitals, in order to render the general relief of the distressed more immediate and effectual by such an united Committee. Nevertheless, that as little deviation as possible may be made from the plan of the united Committee might with propriety select and appoint some additional Governors from the list of voluntary subscribers, viz. persons of unexceptionable character (in the opinion of the general united Committee) who shall voluntarily contribute such a certain adequate sum as may be thought proper to entitle them to a share in the management of the whole charity.-It is by no means intended that the proposed united Committee, as such, shall obtain any power of interference or controul over the Royal Hospitals, but merely that of giving immediate relief to proper objects, by sending them occasionally to the said Hospitals, which, as Governors, respectively, they are, at present, entitled to do.

And, with respect to the poor children, proposed to be sent to inferior schools under the inspection of the Governors of Christ's Hospital, the necessary allowance for the expense of each child must undoubtedly be made to that Hospital by the General Asylum, (or London Workhouse), from the subscriptions, or other funds; and the consent of the Governors of Christ's Hospital must also be previously obtained, to undertake the management of such additional charity, which they have certainly a right to do, if they think proper, without any impediment from their charter or present constitution.

No. XIII.-(see note in p. 453.)

COMPARISON OF BRUTE ANIMALS WITH MAN.

A FRAGMENT.

A COMPARISON of the gratitude of brute animals with that of mankind in general for favours and kindness conferred, affords abundant cause of censure to the latter, whose general depravity, far exceeding that of the brute creation, must be attributed to the fatal influence of inimical spirits or demons over unguarded men.

When a school-boy, I had various animals, at different times, under my protection, as favourites; and the affection even of the meanest of them, a jack-daw, cannot possibly be described in words, so strongly as it was expressed in the bodily exertions of the little animal, when he heard my foot upon the steps of the house returning from school, that he might hasten to meet me.

The same kind of gratitude I have often experienced in dogs, not my own, in return only for a little common civility and gentleness towards them, which they never forgot. But mankind in general, though they are rendered responsible, by the knowledge of good and evil, for all their actions, words, and even thoughts, and ought, of course, to be aware that all the benefits they receive are from God-for" in Him we live, and move,

and have our being," as St. Paul declared to the pagans at Athens, Acts xvii. 28—yet multitudes of persons, both high and low, seem so little sensible of his continual presence, that they treat even his Name with the most contemptuous disrespect and ingratitude, by repeating it in the most idle foolish discourses almost at every sentence, though God has declared that he will not hold them guiltless that take his Name in vain. By such ingratitude for the Divine favours, inconsiderate men degrade themselves far below the brute creation, even of dogs and jack-daws, which are never ungrateful.

"Hear, O heavens! and give ear, O earth! for the Lord hath spoken. I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me!" And then immediately after our Heavenly Father produces the comparison of a contrary principle of gratitude in the brute creation:-" The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib but Israel doth not know; my people do not consider. Ah, sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil doers, children that are corrupters; they have forsaken the Lord!"-Isaiah i. 2-4.

A similar preference was given to the mere animal creation by the Almighty Creator, as declared by his Prophet Jeremiah, viii. 7:-"Yea, the stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times, and the turtle, and the crane, and the swallow, observe the time of their coming, but my people know not the judgment of the Lord."

Ellerton and Henderson, Printers, Johnson's Court, Fleet Street, London.

FINIS.