The Development of Gazal in Arabic Literature, Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Periods

A'sha Abassid Abbasid Aghani Al-A'sha Al-Akhtal al-Farazdaq al-Zahra Allah amatory poetry amatory prelude ancient poets Arabia Arabic literature Arabic poetry attitude beauty became believe beloved beloved's Buthayna caliph camel charms chastity classical ghazal composed damsels depicted described desert Diwan enjoy eulogy eyes fact Farazdaq favour gazelle girls Hadith Hassan Hassan ibn Thabit heart Hijaz Ibid ibn Abi Imru'ul Imru'ul-Qais Islam Jamil Jarir Koran Kuthayer latter Layla lines literary lived love poetry lovers lovesickness Madina Majnun Mecca metres mistress moral Moslem Moslem society Mufaddaliyat Nabigha Najd nomadic obscene Omar Omar's Omarit poets Orwa ibn pagan poets passion pleasure poems pre-Islamic poets Prophet Qais ibn R. A. Nicholson recited religious satire sensual slaves sometimes songs soul Syria Tarafa thee things tribe Udri Ghazal Udri love Udri poets Umayyad age Umayyad epoch Umayyad period verse Waddah weeping wine woman women yearning youth Zul-Ruma