German Reviews.

STUDIEN UND KRITIKEN. (Essays and Reviews.) Edited by Dr. Hundeshagen and Dr. Riehm. 1870. Third Number. Essays: 1. DOEDES, [Professor in Utrecht, Holland,] Historical and Literary Remarks on the Biography of John Wessel. 2. VAIHINGER, List of the Stations on the March of the Children of. Israel through the Desert. 3. KREYHER, Zwinglis and Calvin's Views on Predestination. Thoughts and Remarks: 1. SCHRADER, [Professor in Giessen,] Sargon and Shalmanezer. Reviews: 1. DIESTEL, History of the Old Testament in the Christian Church, Reviewed by RIEHM. 2. WEISS, Manual of the Biblical Theology of the New Testament, Reviewed by KOHLER.

The first article, by a distinguished theologian of evangelical Protestantism in the Netherlands, contains some interesting contributions to the history of John Wessel, who is commonly regarded as one of the most prominent forerunners of the Reformation among the Germanic nations.

In the article on Sargon and Shalmanezer, Professor Schrader, of Giessen, who is already favorably known among theological scholars as the editor of a new edition of the Introduction of De Wette to the Old Testament, combats the opinion of Dr. Riehm, in a former number of the Studien, according to which the names Sargon and Shalmanezer denote the same Assyrian king. Schrader agrees with Ewald, Hilzig, Delitzsch, the Rawlinsons, Oppert, and other writers on this subject, that Shalmanezer was the pred ecessor of Sargon, and reigned from 727 to 723 B. C.

ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE THEOLOGIE. Journal for Scientific Theology. Edited by Professor Hilgenfeld. 1870. Third Number.-1. HILGENFELD, Gnosticism, and the New Testament. 2. SCHWEIZER, A Recent Work on Pauline Christology. 3. E. ZELLER, Remarks on Romans viii, 3. 4. HILGENFELD, Reply to Professor Wieseler's Remarks on the Prophet Ezra. 5. EGLI, Critical Remarks on the Text of Exodus.

The first article is one of the most important ones which have for some time appeared in this organ of the Tübingen school. Professor Hilgenfeld claims to have been the first to trace the influence of Gnosticism upon the transformation of the early Christian Church. He finds clear references to Gnostic ideas in several books of the New Testament; and as he holds, on the other hand, that Gnosticism did not yet exist at the time of the Apostles, he must regard those references as arguments against the Apostolic origin of the books in which they are contained. These views were first developed by him twenty-one years ago; he now presents them again, revised and enlarged. The negative views of the Tübingen school have lost ground in Germany during the last twenty years; but Professor Hilgenfeld is generally respected as one of its most learned representatives, and essays like the above will be sure to be studied by theological scholars of all schools,

though they rest so much on guesses and combinations, that the author can expect but very limited assent, even from those who agree with his theological views. The article treats, first, of the Gnostics in the Apostolic age; second, Paulinism and Gnosticism; third, the Deutero-Johannean writings-by this name Hilgenfeld designates the Epistles and the Gospel of John, all of which, according to him, were compiled about A. D. 135; fourth, the latest writings of the New Testament. These, according to Hilgenfeld, are the Epistle of Judas and the Second Epistle of Peter.

ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE HISTORISCHE THEOLOGIE. Journal for Historical Theology. Edited by Dr. Kahnis. 1. RATZ, What Luther Gained from Melanchthon. 2. BOEHMER, Francisci Dryandri, Hispani, Epistolæ Quinquaginta. 3. SCHNEIDER, Jacob Neidinger, A Document of the Time of the Religious War in the Palatinate. 4. LINDER, Brief Historical Introduction to the Sermon of H. Erzberger, delivered on Christmas, 1570.

French Reviews.

REVUE CHRETIENNE. (Christian Review,) March 5, 1870.-1. HOLLOND, The Quakers, Essay on the First Years of their Society. 2. LELIEVRE, The Last Council. 3. PRESSENSE, An Address on the Free Conscience. 4. Correspondence from Rome.

April 5.-1. E. DE GUERLE, The Right of Women in the Novels of the Present Age. 2. HOLLOND, The Quakers, (second article.) 3. LICHTENBERGER, The Lutheran Church in Alsace.

May 5.-HOLLOND, The Quakers, (third article.) 2. PEYRE, M. Rognon. 3. DouMERQUE, The Philosophy of the Works of Molière.

REVUE THEOLOGIQUE. (Theological Review.) Published under the direction of C. Babut, Pastor at Nimes; C. Bois, Professor Theological Faculty of Montauban; T. Bonifas, Professor Theological Faculty of Montauban; R. Hollard, Pastor at Paris; T. Lichtenberger, Professor Theological Faculty of Strasburg; J. Monod, Professor Theological Faculty of Montauban; E. de Pressensé, Pastor at Paris; A. Sabatier, Professor Theological Faculty of Strasburg. First Year. No. 1. March, 1870. 1. CH. BYSE, Authority in Matters of Faith. 2. WARNITZ, Did the Apostle John stay in Ephesus? 3. G. MEYER, The Son of Man and the Son of God. 4. RIVIER, Remarks on Romaus v, 12.

In Revue Theologique is the continuation of the Bulletin Theolo gique, a quarterly which, during nineteen years, had been the literary supplement to the Revue Chretienne, the excellent organ of the Free Evangelical Churches of France. As the names of the editors indicate, the Free Evangelical Church has united with the orthodox school of the two Protestant State Churches, so that the new review may be regarded as the common organ of French Evangelical Protestantism. Pressensé's name alone suffices as a guarantee that the new Review will bring contributions which will deserve and receive the attention of theological students of every country.

ART. XI.-QUARTERLY BOOK-TABLE.

Religion, Theology, and Biblical Literature.

Christianity and Greek Philosophy; or, The Relation between Spontaneous and Reflective Thought in Greece, and the Positive Teachings of Christ and his Apostles. By B. F. COCKER, D.D., Professor of Moral and Mental Philosophy in the University of Michigan. Pp. 531. New York: Carlton & Lanahan. Cincinnati: Hitchcock & Walden. 1870.

The particular field traversed in the work before us may be best set forth in the author's own words:

In preparing the present volume, the writer has been actuated by a conscientious desire to deepen and vivify our faith in the Christian system of truth, by showing it does not rest solely on a special class of facts, but upon all the facts of nature - and humanity; that its authority does not repose alone on the peculiar and supernatural events which transpired in Palestine, but also on the still broader foundations of the ideas and laws of the reason, and the common wants and instinctive yearnings of the human heart. It is his conviction that the course and constitution of nature, the whole current of history, and the entire development of human thought, in the ages anterior to the advent of the Redeemer, center in, and can only be interpreted by, the purpose of redemption.

Such is the elevated Christian stand-point from whence the author descends to his labor. More particularly he says, in regard to the dominant thought and purpose of the book:

The central and unifying thought of this volume is, that the necessary ideas and laws of the reason, and the native instincts of the human heart, originally implanted by God, are the primal and germinal forces of history, and that these have been developed under conditions which were first ordained, and have been continually supervised by the providence of God.

No more appropriate nor richer example, in the history of human thought, could have been selected to illustrate or enforce this general statement than that comprehended under the title of "Greek Philosophy." The starting-point, if not the sanction, of the work is derived from Paul's discourse from Mars Hill, Athens. In reading we are constantly reminded of Dr. Whewell's "History of Scientific Ideas," arising out of some similarity of purpose or plan.

In a brief notice such as this it is impossible to do more than give the merest outline of the plan of a work so full of matter. We therefore waive any attempt at a critical analysis and estimate of its contents. This would require, and merits, the space of a long article.

The volume is divided into fifteen chapters. The first is devoted to "Athens and the Men of Athens." The second sets forth, under the head "Philosophy of Religion," the principles the author employs in subsequent parts of the work. This prepares the way, in the two succeeding chapters, for a consideration of the "Relig

ion of the Athenians." The next three chapters, beginning with Paul's notice of an altar to the "unknown God" at Athens, are entirely devoted to a critical examination of the "Philosophy of the Unconditioned," as held by Sir William Hamilton, Dr. Mansell, and others, in which, against these thinkers, he coincides with Cousin, Martineau, etc., in affirming "God is cognizable by human reason.' We suppose this part of the volume was written for the sake of evolving the principles in the light of which the relations of “Greek Philosophy to Christianity" might be determined. We cannot, however, avoid feeling that much of the matter in these three chapters would more appropriately have fallen in the forthcoming volume. Of the remaining eight chapters, six are devoted to the "Philosophers of Athens, beginning with Thales, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Anaximander, Leucippus, and Democritus, of the "pre-Socratic school," whose influence was predominant at Athens at the time Christianity was introduced into Europe. The discussion of the tenets and characteristics of the various schools of Greek philosophy is conducted with admirable spirit and marked ability. The last two chapters are occupied in a consideration of the "propedeutic "-or preparatory-office of Greek philosophy in relation to Christianity. This is well done, and forms a fitting conclusion to the volume.

On almost every page we find matter for comment. The author shows a well-defined purpose, and never loses sight of it from beginning to end. It shines out every-where. The book is strong, coherent, and highly suggestive. Strong, rather than acute, analytic power, and an excellent faculty for broad, luminous generalization is manifested. The work is characterized by a vigorous, compact, and, considering the nature of the subject, a rather animated style. The author displays a profound knowledge of his difficult subject, and what is especially necessary in a critic and interpreter of philosophical systems, great candor and independence of thought, and a generous, manly sympathy. In Psychology he is a thorough Intuitionalist, standing apparently on the same platform as Cousin and Martineau.

It is with no ordinary pleasure we welcome such an addition to our growing Methodist literature. We can do nothing more than heartily to commend the work to every minister of the Gospel and thoughtful reader as one that will abundantly repay diligent perusal. We will await impatiently the appearance of the second volume, and an adequate estimate of the present, by some comtent hand, in the pages of the Quarterly.

J.

Textual Corrections of the Common English Version in the New Testament. (Covenant.) According to the Sinaitic and Vatican Manuscripts. With the other Ancient Manuscripts, and the Editions of the Vulgate, the Complutensian Polyglot, Stephens, the Elzinis, Lachmann, Tischendorf, Tregelles, and Alvord. 12mo., pp. 49. New York: John Wiley & Son. 1870.

This little manual proposes to enable the ordinary reader of our English Bible to correct its text according to the highest authorities, furnishing in the most compact form the entire net results of criticism thus far in this department.

First, we have a brief history of the Greek text, from the day of Erasmus down to the present hour, written by Dr. Tregelles, similar in form (but more abridged) to the two articles lately furnished in our Quarterly. Next, we have a chapter arguing in favor of the revision of our common version. Then comes the main matter of the work. Thirty-one manuscripts (including "the four great authorities," the Sinaitic, the Vatican, the Alexandrian, and the Ephraim) are enumerated, and nine editors and editions, as sources of comparison. We have, then, a synopsis of all the passages required to be changed by the two highest authorities, the Sinaitic and the Vatican; and the names, in abbreviation, of the editors adopting the alteration. This synopsis it is proposed to extend through the whole New Testament, provided the success of the present issue indicates sufficient public interest in the subject to make it pay expenses. To the increasing number of our scholars interested in a pure text, this brings the entire series of well-authorized emendations of the received text into the most compressed possible form, though many, perhaps, would prefer the readings in the Greek.

An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent. By JOHN HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., of the Oratory. 12mo., pp. 479. New York: Catholic Publication Society. 1870. Dr. Newman is considered as the ablest of the number of scholarly English divines who have made a transit from the Anglican to the Roman Church. The present volume, though frequently assuming incidentally the truth of Romanism, is liberal in its tone, and written, not with a sectarian, but a generally Christian end.

It is an essay exhibiting the legitimate process of framing conclusions in proportion to evidence. It properly belongs to the department of logic, both theoretical and disciplinary. It abounds with disquisition at once subtle and entertaining, illustrated with numerous striking examples in literature and history. The principles obtained are then applied with no little force to our con