been altogether unsuccessful. Several by Russian agents,) and has never been years ago the Pope appointed the Bul- heard of since. In 1855, Raphael Popof garian priest, Sokolski, the first Bishop was consecrated successor of Sokolski; of those Bulgarians who had entered he still lives, and, as the only United the union with Rome, and who consti- | Bulgarian Bishop, is present at the Vatituted a nucleus of the United Bulgarian can Council. He resides at Adrianople, Church, which, like the other united Ori- and under his administration the memental Churches, accepts the doctrines of bership of the United Bulgarian Church the Roman Catholic Church, but is al- has increased (up to 1869) to over 9,000 lowed to retain the ancient customs of souls, of whom 3,000 live in Constantithe ancient national Church, (marriage of nople, 2,000 in Salonichi and Monastir, the priests, use of the Sclavic language at 1,000 in Adrianople, and 3,000 in the divine service, etc.) Bishop Sokolski was vicinity of Adrianople. The clergy of quite on a sudden carried off from Con- the Church, in 1869, consisted of ten stantinople, (as was commonly thought secular priests.

ART. IX.-FOREIGN LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

GERMANY.

second volume.

remains of her father, "a material," he says, "so ample and well arranged, and has hardly been on hand for any similar biography." Thus the author has been enabled to give much that is wholly new. His work is classed by many of its reviewers among the best biographical works of recent German literature.

The author, already A new contribution to Biblical Theol-known as the editor of the two last ogy is the work of Lic. Schmidt on the volumes of the collection of letters and Pauline Christology, in its connection documents entitled Aus Schleiermachwith the doctrine of the Apostle on Sal-er's Leben, has received from the daugh vation. (Die Paulinische Christologie. ter of Schleiermacher, the Countess Gottingen, 1870.) In the last chapter Schwerin-Putzar, the whole epistolary the author discusses in a special chapter the Christology of the Epistles to the Philippians, Colossians, and Ephesians, and finds that the Christological views of these Epistles do not sufficiently differ from those contained in the Epistles which, by general consent, are regarded as genuine, to authorize us to regard these Epistles as spurious. According The earnest opposition of the best to the author, the real center of the Pau- Roman Catholic scholars of Germany to line Christology is the risen Christ, who, the proposed doctrine of Papal Infallibilas such, has become a perfect spirit-ity has already called out several classic being. (Geistwesen.) The human element appears in him in its perfection, and he possesses as highest dignity that of lord of the congregation. From 1 Cor. xv, 27, the author infers that the

idea of a divine nature of Christ was still foreign to Paul.

works which will live for ever in the history of theological literature; such as the famous work, by Janus, on The Pope and the Council. The seat of this Catholic opposition to the Infallibilists is the University of Munich, which counts among its professors Döllinger, Dr. HuAmong recent biographers of great ber, (the supposed author of Janus,) Dr. theologians of Germany, the life of Frohschammer, an ex-priest, who has Schleiermacher, by Professor Wilhelm formally renounced the communion of Dilthey, in Kiel, is prominent. (Lebens- the Church of Rome; Dr. Friedrich, the geschichte Schleiermachers. Vol. I. Ber- author of the Church History of Gerlin, 1870.) The work is to be complete many; Professor Sepp, the author of a in two volumes, each one of which is to large work, in seven volumes, on the embrace one half of the life of Schleier- Life of Christ, and many others, who macher. The first volume, which has now are dreaded by the Ultra-montanes as appeared, extends over the thirty-four their most dangerous opponents. A years from 1768 to 1802, and thus the number of the scholars of this liberal time from 1802 to 1834 is left for the school have united in publishing a FOURTH SERIES, VOL. XX.-29

appeared treats of the Eschatology of the Old Testament.

collection of pamphlets and books, entitled, Stimmen aus der Kath. Kirche über Kirchenfragen der Gegenwart, (Voices from the Catholic Church on Ecclesiasti- connection with the sect of the IrvingDr. Thiersch, who, notwithstanding his cal Questions of the Present Day,) for ites, is respected by the Protestant enlightening the Catholic people of Ger- Churches of Germany as one of the many on "genuine Christianity and true foremost representatives of the orthodox Catholicism," and for warning it against school of theological science, has pubUltramontanism. The authors have published a new work on Genesis, explainlished their prospectus, in which they ing it "according to its moral and prourge the necessity of a purification of phetical sense.' (Die Genesis. Basel, the Church-that is, of an elimination 1870.) from the Church of all heterogeneous elements which are foreign to her origi nal consciousness and to her original constitution. In case the Council, which is convoked by Pius IX., should not effect this purification of the Church; if it should, on the contrary, produce a broad division within the Catholic Church; if, what would be the greatest misfortune, the Jesuit school doctrines should prevail over the primitive faith of the Church, even then, says the prospectus, "we shall not abandon our hope, but remain firm in the belief that the Lord

ill never abandon his Church, and that consequently, a momentary obfuscation of the consciousness of the Church, occasioned as it is by illegal measures, must be followed by a final enlightening.' The first work of the collection, which already has appeared, has been prepared by Professor Huber, and is entitled, "Popedom and State." (Papstthum und Staat.) It was to be immediately followed by a reprint of the letters of Dr. Dollinger, in the Augsburg Gazette, on the Infallibility Address, and the new By-laws of the Council; and by a special treatise on the Infallibility question by the Rev. Cl. Schmitz, entitled, Ist der Papst personlich unfehlbar? (Is the Pope personally infallible?) It is expected that a large number of the most prominent scholars of Germany will prepare works for this

collection.

The sufferings of the Messiah, in their agreement with the doctrines of the Old Testament and the sayings of the Rabbis in the Talmud, Midraschim, and other old Rabbinical writings, (Die Leiden des Messias. Lubeck, 1870,) is the title of a work by Dr. A. Wünsche. It is written from an orthodox point of view. The

title indicates the contents.

A new contribution to Biblical Theology is the work of Dr. Kahle on Biblical Eschatology, (Biblische Eschatologie. Gotha. 1870.) The first volume which has

One of the famous works of German theological literature, the Introduction to the Old Testament, by the late Dr. Wette, has been published in an entirely revised edition, (the 8th,) by Professor Schrader, of Giessen. The new editor is already known by other works as an able exegetical writer, and this new edition of an old standard work is highly commended in the theological papers of Germany. (Lehrbuch der hist.-krit Einleitung. Berlin, 1869.)

FRANCE.

A highly important archæological discovery of the present year, the inscription on the triumphal column of the Moabite King, Mesha, is copied and described in a letter, addressed by the discoverer, Charles Clermont Ganneau, dragoman of the French consulate of Jerusalem, to Count de Vogue, who has long been favorably known by his thorough knowledge of Semitic paleography. The pamphlet (La Stele de Mesa, roi de Moab, 896 avant J. C. Paris, 1870) briefly recounts the circumstances which led to the recovery of the inscription, and after the destruction of the stone by the Bedouins, to a restoration of the text, gives a fac-simile of the thirtyfour lines of the inscription, transcribes it in Hebrew characters, and adds a French translation with some remarks

on the age of the inscription, and a map of ancient Moab, in which all the towns mentioned in the map are given. It is to be followed by a commentary. There are many gaps in the inscription, especially in its first part, because the proprietors of the stone, the Beni-Hamide, fearing an interference of the Turks in their affairs, shattered the stone to pieces. Ganneau could use an impression of the whole inscription, but it is illegible in many places. It is, however, hoped that in the course of time the Bedouins will be prevailed upon by offers of money

BELGIUM.

to sell all the fragments of the stone. I nots of the 16th Century. (Les Huguenots The inscription is particularly interest- du XVI. Siècle. Paris, 1870.) The obing, it being the most ancient document ject of the author is not to give a new now known composed in an alphabetical history of French Protestantism, on writing. The contents of the inscription which subject we have a number of exmake it almost certain that the column cellent works, but to describe the inner was erected in the year 896 B.C. The life of the first followers of the Reforlanguage of the inscription is Hebrew; mation. He speaks of them as members among the slight variations is the use of the family, as citizens of the State, in of the plural ending n instead of m. It peace and war, in joy and suffering, in contains but few words not found in life and death. He gives numerous exthe Old Testament. As was to be ex- tracts from many sources which he has pected, the inscription has already made use of, both Protestant and Rocalled forth a number of articles and man Catholic. pamphlets from the Semitic scholars. Ganneau himself publishes a second fac simile, which is much more complete than the one contained in the above pamphlet, in the March number of the Revue Archeologique. Ernest Renan has published an interesting article on it in the Journal des Debats. In Germany, an essay (Die Siegessäule Mesa's Königs der Moabiter. Halle, 1870) has been published on the inscription by the distinguished Orientalist, Constantine Schlottmann, who is already favorably known as a decipherer of Phoenician inscriptions; and in the Augsburg Gazette, Dr. Haug has furnished a German translation, with some critical remarks.

Dr. Ad. Schaffer, already favorably known by several works on Church history, has published a work on the Hugue

One of the largest works which has been produced by Belgium is that by Professor F. Laurent, of the University of Ghent, entitled, Etudes sur l'Histoire de l'Humanité. The seventeenth volume of the work was published last year under the special title, Le Catholicisme et la religion de l'Avenir. 1 Serie. (Paris, 1869.) The author believes in some kind of Rationalistic Christianity as the religion of the future; the most important portion of his book is that which shows the irreconcilable gulf existing between Roman Catholicism and the civilization of the present age. The author shows a very thorough acquaintance with the recent history of Roman Catholicism, and in this respect his work is a very valuable store-house of facts.

ART. X.-SYNOPSIS OF THE QUARTERLIES, AND OTHERS OF THE HIGHER PERIODICALS.

American Quarterly Reviews.

AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN REVIEW, April, 1870. (New York.)-1. Nature and Prayer. 2. Is this a Christian Nation? 3. Sin and Suffering in the Universe. 4. Christianity Capable of Self-Defense. 5. Biblical Theology, with Especial Reference to the New Testament. 6. Missionaries, and British Relations with China. 7. The Ground and Nature of Christian Giving. 8. A New Analysis of Fundamental Morals. 9. Recent German Works in Theology and Biblical Liter

ature.

BAPTIST QUARTERLY, April, 1870. (Philadelphia.)-1. Greek Text of the Apocalypse. 2. The Malay Archipelago. 3. The Temptation of Jesus. 4. Sex in Nature and Society. 5. The Future Life. 6. Church Polity. 7. Exegetical Studies.

BIBLICAL REPERTORY AND PRINCETON REVIEW, April, 1870. (New York.)-1. The Element of Time in Interpreting the Ways of God. 2. Pantheism as a Phase in Philosophy and Theory of History. 3. Memoir of Dr. Raffles. 4. The Relation

of Adam's First Sin to the Fall of the Race. 5. The Witness of Paul to Christ. 6. The Christian giving for the Times. 7. Brief Suggestions on Presbyterian Reconstruction and Unification. 8. Recent Publications on the School Question. BIBLIOTHECA SACRA, April, 1870. (Andover.)-1. Psychology in the Life, Work, and Teachings of Jesus. 2. A Fourth Year of Study in the Courses of Theological Seminaries. 3. Doctrine of the Trinity. 4. The Year of Christ's Birth. 5. The Silence of Women in the Churches. 6. Prophecy as Related to the "Eastern Question."

CHRISTIAN QUARTERLY, April, 1870. (Cincinnati.)-1. The Doctrine of Scripture as to the Relation of Baptism and the Remission of Sins. 2. Development. 3. The Bible in the Public Schools. 4. The Philosophy of Faith. 5. The Rise and Establishment of the Papacy. 6. Does the New Testament Determine the Elements of the Public Worship?

NEW ENGLANDER, April, 1870. (New Haven.)-1. The Council of Constance and the Council of the Vatican. 2. A Critical Examination of Professor Huxley's "Physical Basis of Life." 3. Is the Doctrine of the Final Restoration of all Men Scriptural?" 4. Memoirs of Alexander Campbell. 5. Christianity a Universal Religion. 6. The Proprieties of the Pulpit. 7. The New Criticism. UNIVERSALIST QUARTERLY, April, 1870. (Boston.)-1. The Murray Centenary. 2. Everitt's Logic. 3. Schleiermacher's Christology. 4. The First Universalist Church. 5. Our Sunday-Schools. 6. Priest and Prophet. 7. Collective Judg

ments.

NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW, April, 1870. (Boston.)-1. The Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism. 2. Parkman's Discovery of the Great West. 3. Darwinism in Germany. 4. The Legal-Tender Act. 5. Poverty and Public Charity. 6. The Norman Conquest of England. 7. Ténot's Coup d'Etat. 8. The Prospects of the Political Art.

The "North American" has much reduced its oppressive magnitude without reducing its price. It has furnished a number of able articles on the political and commercial moralities of our day. It is Deistic as ever, though much improved by the cessation of the peculiarities of Charles E. Norton.

The first article by the noted Dr. W. A. Hammond accounts correctly enough for a large amount of the phenomena of spiritualism upon natural principles, but incorrectly assumes to cover all classes of cases. As a solution of some of the forms of apparent supernaturalism it has value. In the following queer paragraph Dr. Hammond charges " Methodists" with "desecrating churches:" "It is a striking fact, which would be laughable but for the frequently lamentable results which ensued, that while the Catholic ecstatics inveighed against the heretical sects which were springing up on all sides, and consigned them to torture and the flames, these, the Calvinists, Camisards, Pre-adamites, Jumpers, Anabaptists, Quakers, Methodists, Tremblers, etc., etc., denounced the Pope as Antichrist, desecrated churches, and exhibited a ferocity which in its sanguinary character has rarely been equaled." The "North American" does not elevate itself by tolerating the drivel of such a writer.

In the third article Mr. Charles L. Brace (author of "The Races of the Old World") reports that Darwinism is accepted, "either in part or in whole," by "nearly all the scientific thinkers of England." "In France," he says, "the influence of Cuvier has prevented its just consideration, and only "two celebrated botanists" have avowed a belief of the "changeability of species." In Germany the Atheists have hailed it with rapture, and pushed it to extremes Mr. Darwin would not accept. They exaggerate the resemblance of the simian and human brains, affirming their almost identity. At this point Mr. Brace executes a fine flank movement upon them. If the crania of the ape and man are so nearly alike, then the stupendous spiritual difference between the two races must lie in something besides material structure. This argument Mr. Brace expands with excellent effect. But in our view Mr. Brace is mistaken in maintaining that the Paleyan "argument from design" has lost its validity, even though he also maintains that the Theistic argument becomes equally strong in another form-a form which he illustrates in clear and eloquent style.

English Reviews..

BRITISH AND FOREIGN EVANGELICAL REVIEW, April, 1870. (London.)-1. Our Lord's First and Last Discourses. 2. Henry Ainsworth. 3. Recent Christian Biography-James Hamilton and William Chalmers Burns. 4. Ezekiel's Place

in the Old Testament Church. 5. The Climax of Messianic Prophecy in Isaiah liii. 6. Lecky's History of European Morals from Augustine to Charlemagne. 7. Old Mortality. 8. The Counter-Imputations. EDINBURGH REVIEW, April, 1870. (Scott's Republication, New York, 140 Fulton-street.)-1. The Viceroyalty of Lord Lawrence. 2. Juana la Loca. 3. M. de Parieu on Taxation. 4. Eastlake and Gibson. 5. Non-restraint in the Treatment of the Insane. 6. Smith's Tour in Portugal. 7. Renan's St. Paul. 8. The Epic of Arthur. 9. Ballot not Secret Voting. 10. Earl Russell's Speeches. LONDON QUARTERLY REVIEW, April, 1870. (Scott's Republication, New York, 140 Fulton-street.)-1. The English Bible. 2. Lanfrey's Napoleon. 3. The Church in Wales. 4. Sir Charles Eastlake and the English School of Painting. 5. Non-Historic Times. 6. The Education of the People. 7. Mr. Froude's Queen Elizabeth. 8. Annals of an Eventful Life. 9. Government Dealing with Irish Crime.

LONDON QUARTERLY REVIEW, April, 1870. (London.)-1. Mr. Forster's Education Bill. 2. Raphael and his Times. 3. The Catholic Apostolic Church. 4. Ancient Irish Literature. 5. Life and Remains of Robert Lee. 6. The Laureate and his "Arthuriad." 7. Winer's Greek Testament Grammar. NORTH BRITISH REVIEW, April, 1870. (Scott's Republication, New York, 140 Fulton-street.)-1. The Church Policy of Constantine. 2. Earl Godwin and Earl Harold. 3. The Early Author of Shakspeare. 4. The Will and Free-will. 5. Jane Austen. 6. Parties and Politics of Modern Russia. 7. The Home Policy of the Session.

WESTMINSTER REVIEW, April, 1870. (Scott's Republication, New York, 140 Fulton-street.)-1. Unpublished Letters written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 2. American Socialisms. 3. The Paraguayan War. 4. The English Parliament and the Irish Land. 5. The Imperial Library of Paris. 6. Pauper Girls. 7. Prostitution: How to Deal with it. 8. The Action of Natural Selection on Man.