Ib. έnyeioba. 'to keep Peloponnese as great under your leadership as it was bequeathed to you.'

Ch. 73. εἰ καὶ δι ̓ ὄχλου-προβαλλομένοις. Here, with Haack and Arnold, take di oxλov as 'irksome to us.' Göller's translation is untenable.

Ch. 74. проεтμрnoare. helped us before' we had to leave Athens.

Ch. 75. ἐξ αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ ἔργου, κ.λ. ' out of the very dè conditions of our undertaking (sc. of crushing the Persians) arose at first the necessity of thus strengthening our empire. ὑπὸ δέους, sc. τοῦ βαρβάρου· ὠφελείας, SC. Tоû pópov, Schol.

Ch. 76. è̟nì тò úμîv ¿péλiμov—by making them aristocratic.

ἐλασσούμενοι. •

Ch. 77. aσooúuevo. Allowing ourselves to be worsted.' This is a kind of modification of the meaning of the passive, towards that of the middle. It may be traced more or less distinctly in different instances. Thus in iv. 64, ἀξιῶ . . . ὅσον εἰκὸς ἡσσᾶσθαι exactly parallels the present passage. Hom. Il. ix. 116, åaσáμηv, lit. ‘I let myself be possessed with folly,' i. e. I did foolishly. Eur. Phon. 601. (HOA.) kaì σè deúteρόν γ ̓ ἀπαιτῶ σκῆπτρα . . . (ΕΤ.) Οὐκ ἀπαιτούμεσθ': a very strong instance. Demosth. uses egeráceolaι in the sense of to let oneself be seen' (e. g. T. Σтεд. p. 318).

Ib. ἢ γνώμῃ ἢ δυνάμει, κ. λ. ' either by our decision or by our power to enforce it, which we have in virtue of our supremacy.'

Ib. δι ̓ ὀλίγου. must go with ὑπεδείξατε, not with ĥynσáμevoɩ for it means not for a short time,' but ' at the end of a short time.'

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Ch. 78. és rúxas. not chance' or 'fortune' generally, but a chance. Many words gain no plural force in the plural, but become more concrete. Thus again Tapń 'sepulture,'rapaí 'a funeral,' Thuc. ii. 34. So Æ. Ag. 239, Bapàs is ‘a dyed garment,' while Bapǹ is 'dyeing:' in 249, réxvaι Káλxavros is Calchas' prediction,' the work of his τέχνη &c.

Ib. ¿viσov åπéxoμev. which is equally near us both.'

Ch. 81. Tŷ yn dovλevσai. will become slaves, country and all.' This dative holds a place between dat. instrumenti and dat. modi. So 73. fin. Tλéovɩ тоû στρατοῦ ἀνεχώρησεν : ii. 101, οὐ παρῆσαν ταῖς ναυσί: ii. 93, μὴ σφίσι μεγάλῃ ἰσχύϊ παροικῶσιν. The idiomatic dative with αὐτὸς (e. g. vii. 41, ἡ ἑτέρα ναῦς αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἑάλω) is only a case of this. So in Latin: Virg. Georg. iv. 484, Ixionii vento rota constitit orbis stood still with its wind,' i. e. the wind of its motion. Æn. i. 448, gradibus surgebant limina: i. 268, dum res stetit Ilia regno. So favete linguis.

Ch. 82. νομίσητε . . . ἔχειν. ' consider that you have.' Ch. 83. δι ̓ ἣν τὰ ὅπλα ὠφελεῖ. “on account of which, i. e. to supply which danárn, arms are profitable.'

Ch. 84. καὶ μὴ . . . ἐπεξιέναι. governed by παιδευόμενοι. ἐπεξιέναι, sc. τὰ λεγόμενα, implied in λόγῳ.

Ch. 92. τῷ κοινῷ. with παραινέσει— advice to the confederacy.'

Ch. 93. καὶ αὐτοὺς—δύναμιν. “and that the Athenians themselves (as opposed to rò xwpíov) had a great start toward the attainment of empire in having become'

ναυτικοί.

Ib. ἐν τομῇ ἐγγώνιοι. cut square. γωνία is a solid angle,' 'a corner,' and yyóvios is properly fitting into a corner,' whereby the shape of the thing so fitting in is implied. Toun is the whole surface, i. e. all the faces, of a hewn stone. That the stones were cut rectangular is left to be understood, as nobody would cut stones to any but a right angle.

Ch. 121. αὐτοῖς τούτοις κακῶς πάσχειν. ' through these very things' turned as instruments against us.

Ch. 122. ovк Xárow. in the same degree' as the the other βεβαιοῦται.

Ib. βεβαιοῦμεν αὐτό. i. e. τὸ ἐλεύθερον.

Ib. Toùs d'èv μia. The contrasted idea is only implied. We allow a state to enthrone itself as tyrant of all the other states, while we make it our business to put down individuals who set themselves up over the rest of the individual citizens in any one

state.' We wage war against the smaller harm, and leave the greater untouched.

Ch. 123. προφέρετε. sc. τῶν πατέρων, implied in πάτριον.

Ch. 124. βεβαιότατον τὸ ταῦτα ξυμφέροντα . . . εἶναι. It is impossible that this can be Greek for it is certain that these things are beneficial:' the rò forbids it. Therefore either take the other reading ταὐτά, or translate the fact that these things are beneficial, &c. is your strongest guarantee, sc. ὅτι καλῶς ὑπάρχει ὑμῖν πολεμεῖν.

Ch. 126. ἐπῆλθον Ολύμπια. The reason of the plural verb seems to be that the festival consisted of a plurality of spectacles, and spread over a plurality of days, and so might naturally though not necessarily be regarded distributively. At all events there must be some explanation proper to the case of a festival, as we also find in Thuc. Κάρνεια ἐτύγχανον ὄντα, ν. 75, and τὰ Ισθμια ἐπηγγέλθησαν, viii. 10. To the other instances in Thuc. the distributive explanation will assuredly apply ; viz. ξυνῄεσαν τὰ δύο μέρη, ii. 10, ἀμφοτέροις ἁμαρτήματα ἐγένοντο, ν. 26, and ἐγένοντο ἐξ αὐτῶν (from the several sales of them) εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα, vi. 62.

...

Ch. 133. πίστιν—ἀναστάσεως. πίστιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, his leaving the sanctuary.'

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Ch. 140. αἰτίαν ὑπολίπησθε. “leave room for selfreproach to arise hereafter.' airía is used for selfreproach, again in iii. 53. ὁ μὴ ῥηθεὶς λόγος τοῖς ὧδ ̓ ἔχουσιν αἰτίαν ἂν παράσχοι, ὡς εἰ ἐλέχθη σωτήριος ἂν ἦν.

Ib. ὡς φόβῳ καὶ τοῦτο ὑπακούσαντες. i. e. τὸ βραχύ τι. Ch. 141. καν περιγενέσθαι. “ that it, sc. their life, σῶμα, may not only not fail during the perils that await them but) even outlast them.'

Ib. μὴ πρὸς ὁμοίαν ἀντιπαρασκεύην. ' unless against antagonists similarly circumstanced.'

Ch. 142. πόλιν ἀντίπαλον. It seems alone satisfactory to take this, with Dr. Arnold, as the acc. after

παρασκευάσασθαι, and make it epexegetic of τὴν in τὴν μὲν γὰρ He gives as instances of the πόλις ἀντίπαλος in Greece, " Megara, founded by the Dorians as a check upon Athenian power; and Heraclea Trachinia, built to curb the Thessalians (Thuc. iii. 92, 93, v. 51,") and of the ppoúptov Decelea.

Ch. 143. καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ κινδύνῳ κ. λ. Order is καὶ οὐδεὶς τῶν ξένων ἂν δέξαιτο ξυναγωνίζεσθαι ἐκείνοις ἐπὶ τῷ κινδύνῳ τε τὴν αὑτοῦ φεύγειν, καὶ μετὰ τῆς κ. λ. none would agree to take part with them at the risk of expatriation, and moreover with the odds against the side he espoused, for the sake of a few days' large pay.'

Ib. ἄλλα οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου μεγάλα. “other great advantages over and above those which they have.'

I

J. R.

ETYMOLOGICAL SUGGESTIONS.

IT is believed that the following suggestions are original. Should they have occurred to others, their probability will be the greater from having more than one independent source.

1. acuo, part. acutus, is the Greek ȧкovw, ȧKOVσTós. (compare yvoròs, notus, and yvworós.) The older meaning may reasonably be sought in the Latin. The secondary sense to hear was derived from the notion of sharpening or pricking up the ears. Hence we frequently find ὀξὺ ἀκούειν, ὀξεῖα ἀκοὴ, and Horace has aures acutas of the Satyrs, Od. II. xix. 4. In the cognate expressions où dépкeσbai, cernere acutum, (Hor. Sat. I. iii. 26,) and oculorum acies, the notion is of a piercing or cutting glance, e. g. through darkness, dimness, or mist.

2. icere, ictus, is the Greek ko, in the sense of to come upon one with a blow. The phrase кaðɩкvεîoðaí Tuvos or Twa is familiar to every scholar; e. g. Œd. Tyr. 809. The participle ictus exists in èpikrós.*

3. cio, cire, citus is the old verb kíw, in its primary sense to make to go, to stir. The verbal Kròs is lost, but may be compared with σχετός in ανασχετός. Perhaps the obscure word ànéкığαv in Acharn. 869 may hence be explained humi demiserunt. Cieo differs from cio only as ferveo from fervo, &c.

* I take this opportunity of correcting a gloss of Hesychius (see Esch. Frag. 15, ed. Dind.) who explains évnλvoía, a word used in the 'Αργεῖοι of that poet, by τὰ κατασκηφθέντα χωρία, adding, “ ἔνιοι δὲ εὐκίνητα, παρὰ τὴν ἔλευσιν.” Read είκνητα, from ἱκνέομαι. Others therefore considered εὐηλύσια to be the word used by Eschylus.