Latin Hymns of the Middle Ages, edited from the Mss., and explained by F. J. Mosel; second volume, the Mary-hymns. The present volume contains about three hundred hymns, and is collected entirely from unpublished sources; many unfortunately are of no value. The preface attempts a vindication of the worship of Mary. It is much to be regretted that a selection of the best was not made.

The Antwerp Hymn Book of the year 1544, edited from the only existing copy by Hoffmann von Fallersleben, and forming the eleventh part of the Horae Belgicae.

A translation into German of Baxter's Saints' Rest, by K. Eb.

The Union controversy is waged as warmly as ever. The Göttingen Faculty have published an earnest vindication of their previous pamphlet. The number of less significant combatants is past computation. The last number of the Theologische Jahrbücher is entirely taken up with an elaborate Article by Prof. Baur of Tübingen, in which he discusses, with his usual ability, the Principle of Protestantism and its historical development, with especial reference to the latest works of Schenkel, Schweizer and Heppe, and the treatises on the Union Question. The views of the author are wellknown from his former controversy with Möhler. His views were at that time discarded, and his claim to be the champion of Protestantism denied, by those theologians who love to regard the Lutheran and Reformed churches as Romanism under another name.

Prof. Karl Hase, of Jena, has recently published a small work, addressed to Prof. Baur, entitled "The Tübingen School," in which he combats the theory of Baur respecting the origin of the fourth Gospel, and the opposition of Ebionitism and Paulinism in the early church, and his view of the method and arrangement of Church History as developed in his "Epochen." The work seems to have been called out by strictures of Baur in the "Leben Jesu" and Church History of Hase. But, while Hase claims that the Gospel was really the work of John, and that hence it has the authority of an eye-witness for the principal events recorded in it, he by no means regards it as an infallible record, but says that John's recollection of events was no more exempt from error than were Goethe's Reminiscences of his Youth. He denies the view of Baur, that the doctrine of the Logos could not have arisen earlier than the second century, as we know from Philo that, in the Apostolic age, it was the fundamental idea of the Alexandrian Judaism. The work is written in an entirely friendly spirit and evidently with the highest respect for his opponent.

The almost entire neglect of study by the German clergymen, after they have left the University, is a very striking fact. An inquiry has been instituted by the well-known publisher, Perthes of Hamburg, who publishes all the works of Neander, Tholuck, Ullmann and others of the most widely read authors, the result of which is, that on an average only one copy in fifty of Neander's works has been purchased by a clergyman. All literary activity is confined to the universities, and to professed scholars. The indolence and stupidity of many of the country pastors is without bounds.

ENGLAND.

THE Divine Drama of History and Civilization, by the Rev. James Smith. 8vo. This work shows great mental ability. The author treads the wide field of history with the step of one who is at home in it. His knowledge is immense; his power of grouping together facts and phenomena, uncommon. His illustrations are abundant and pertinent. Indeed, the book shows genius. But it contains many fanciful and foolish things. The form in which the history of civilization is viewed is artificial. In interpreting the Bible, the author is not at home. Writing from impulse, he says many things he ought not to have said. He speaks of religious opinions and sects in a curious way. The book contains a great many clever things, and is very suggestive; but it has in it a great many whims, and not a few rash, irreverent statements. It is only for thinkers.

Essays selected from Contributions to the Edinburgh Review by Henry Rogers. A new volume has been added to the two already published, which last are now published in a new edition. The essays are excellent specimens of writing and thinking. They are biographical, literary and theological.

The Chinese Empire, a sequel to Huc and Gabet's Journey through Tartary and Thibet, translated in two volumes, octavo. This is a very interesting and readable book.

Memoirs of the Life and Writings of James Montgomery, including Selections from his Correspondence and Conversations, by John Holland and James Everett. Two volumes have been published. The subject will ensure a certain number of readers; but we fear that the book will not rank high in the scale of biographies.

Jashar: by J. W. Donaldson, D. D., Head Master of Bury St. Edmund's School. This work is written in Latin, and is intended for Germany. It was, therefore, printed and published at Berlin. It is an attempt to collect, arrange and restore the scattered fragments of the book of Jasher, mentioned in the Old Testament, accompanied by comments and dissertations. The specimens of the old document are printed in Hebrew. The book is only for the learned, and certainly not for the learned even of England. Here many curious points are stirred, and many strange speculations advanced. The author is pretty well acquainted with German critics and their hypotheses; but he has many hypotheses of his own. He would be counted a bold rationalist even in Germany. At the same time, the scholar should not neglect the work; for it touches on many important and interesting points. We do not agree with most of his views. They are too lax and daring.

Logic for the Million, by J. W. Gilbart; the fourth edition of a book of little value. The writer has also just published Logic for the Young, of the same character.

Food and its Adulterations, by A. H. Hassall, M. D. This large volume contains many curious revelations. The substance of it appeared in the Lancet.

Psychology and Theology; or Psychology applied to the Investigation of Questions relating to Religion, Natural Theology and Revelation. Being the Congregational Lecture for 1854, by Richard Allcott, LL. D. This book handles a great theme very carefully. Whether it throws any new light on it, or is a satisfactory and complete discussion, may be questioned. We have not been impressed with the mental power displayed in it; and believe that the subject is not advanced.

Evenings with the Prophets, by the Rev. A. M. Brown, LL. D. Unprofitable evenings would be spent in reading these lectures or sermons.

Sacred Studies, by the Rev. R. Ferguson, LL. D. Consecrated Heights, by the same. Both volumes contain sermons or discourses of a superior order, though they are not exactly in the ordinary form of discourses from the pulpit. They contain good thoughts, and are eloquently written.

A Geographical Dictionary of the Holy Scriptures, by the Rev. A. Arrowsmith, M. A. A work deficient in thoroughness.

Condensed Notes on Scripture, by Rev. E. Bickersteth. This contains the outlines of 147 sermons by the late lamented author.

The Library of Christian Biography, under the superintendence of the Rev. R. Bickersteth, M. A. Vol. I. The Life of Cowper. Vol. II. will contair the Life of Felix Neff.

Israel in the World; or the Mission of the Hebrews to the Great Military Monarchies, by W. H. Johnstone, M. A. Whatever Mr. Johnstone writes is worth reading. Several opinions in this little work we cannot assent to.

The Ecclesiastical Principles and Polity of the Wesleyan Methodists, by William Peirce. This is a large compilation, carefully executed to all appearance. It will be useful to those who want to know what Methodism is. Letters on Romanism, in Reply to Mr. Newman's Essay on Development, by the late Rev. W. A. Butler. The letters of which this work consists appeared in a religious periodical. They show the hand of a master. Miracles and Science, by Edward Strachey. This is a small book, but carefully written. Its tone negative in regard to the miracles of the Old Testament.

Orr's Circle of the Sciences, Vol. I. This volume consists of different treatises by various scientific men. A cheap and excellent work now in progress.

Oxford Essays, 8vo. This volume is written by members of the University of Oxford. The essays are good ones. It is to be followed by a similar volume written by members of the University of Cambridge.

Preparation of Prophecy; or the Use and Design of the Old Testament examined, by William R. Lyall, D. D. A new edition of a good book. The writer conducts his argument in a superior method. We do not think, however, that his knowledge of the Old Testament is profound. And he is evidently unacquainted with German authors.

Many new editions have been published during the winter, but comparatively few new books. Among the new editions we may mention: Sydney Smith's elementary sketches of Moral Philosophy; Bode's Ballads from He

rodotus; Macculloch's Geographical, Statistical and Historical Dictionary; Gwilt's Encyclopaedia of Architecture; Carpenter's Popular Physiology; Evenings with the Romanists, by Rev. M. H. Seymour; the second edition of Alford's Greek Testament, Vol. II.; Davidson's Biblical Criticism, in one large octavo volume.

Some of the most important announcements are: a History of England during the Reign of George the third, by William Massey, M. P.; a History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, by J. A. Froude, M. A.; an Enquiry into the Credibility of the Early Roman History, by G. C. Lewis; a new and revised edition of the Works of Lord Brougham; the Works of Francis Arago, translated by various scientific men; Letters on the Philosophy of the Human Mind, by Samuel Bailey; a new edition (partly rewritten) of Horne's Introduction, by Mr. Horne himself, Drs. Davidson and Tregelles; a Greek Concordance to the Holy Bible, combining Tromm and Schmid, in one volume, by Rev. R. W. Whitford, M. A.; The New Testament from the text of R. Stephens, 1550, with Notes by W. Webster, M. A. and W. F. Wilkinson, M. A., in two vols. 8vo.; English, Past and Present, by R. C. Trench, B. D.; the Politics of Aristotle, by R. Congreve, M. A.; Vindication of Luther from the Attacks of his recent English Assailants, by Archdeacon Hare. The amiable, learned, and ever to be lamented author has been prematurely removed by death. Multis ille bonis flebilis accidit. Historical and Critical Commentary on the Old Testament, in Hebrew and English, with a translation, introduction, notes, etc., by Dr. M. Kalisch; a History of the Romans under the Empire, Vols. ĮV. and V., comprising Augustus and the Claudian Caesars by the Rev. Charles Merivale, B. D.; the History of Woman, by S. W. Fullom, in two volumes; a Manual of the Greek Drama, by Ed. Walford, M. A. Many books, larger and smaller, have been published in England during the last twelve months respecting Turkey and Russia. They are, for the most part, hasty compilations, or notes loosely put together. As ephemeral productions we do not think it worth while to record their names. S. D.

We are happy to learn, by a letter from Dr. Howson, that he and Mr. Conybeare are preparing for publication a new and improved edition of their admirable work on the Life and Epistles of the Apostle Paul.

SCOTLAND.

Mr. Gillespie has published the third edition of his essay on "The Necessary Existence of God." This work has been pronounced by Sir W. Hamilton to be among the very ablest specimens of speculative philosophy which this country has latterly exhibited."

66

Mr. Henry Calderwood has published a volume entitled "The Philosophy of the Infinite;" the design of which is to maintain, against Hamilton, the doctrine that we have a positive, though not precise and all-embracing, conception of the infinite. Hamilton maintains that we can only have a negative notion of the infinite. Mr. Calderwood's book displays great acuteness and metaphysical power; and, as the production of one who is not yet beyond

the stage of a student at the theological college, has deservedly excited considerable notice. It must be admitted that he has dealt to his former master some pretty hard argumentative blows, and has shown sufficient reason for a reconsideration and restatement, at least, of some of his views. It may be doubted, however, whether he has succeeded in shaking Hamilton's main position. A "Philosophy of the Infinite" sounds very much like a contradiction in terms; for whatever definition of" philosophy" we may adopt, the very term infinite seems to proclaim that it is something which cannot be comprehended within the formulae of human science. It may be doubted, also, whether, after all, there is any serious difference of opinion between the philosopher of Edinburgh and his critic on this subject. Mr. Calderwood says that our conception of the Infinite is indefinite, vague, incomplete, though positive and direct. Now Sir W. Hamilton will not probably deny that we have some such vague and indefinite dream or imagination (what the Germans would call Ahnung) of the infinite as Mr. C. describes. But such forms of thought (if thought they may be called) dwell in the fantasy, and can become conceptions only by being brought out of that, and subjected to the grasp of the logical understanding; for that which remains vague and indefinite is not and cannot be a concept, i. e. something comprehended or grasped up by the mind. Now such an attempt is eluded by the infinite; it refuses to be grasped by the human intellect; and, therefore, we can construe it to the intellectual consciousness only in the shape of a negative notion, i. e. we can think it only as something which is not what we know something else to be.. Mr. Calderwood derides the idea of a negative notion, which he would identify with a notion of nothing. But here, as elsewhere frequently throughout his book, he cuts before the point. When we think A as not B, we do not make the vain attempt to think nothing; for, though we have no direct conception of A, yet having a direct conception of B, we have a very substantial notion in our minds when we affirm that A, whatever it is, is not B. The doctrine which Hamilton holds on this subject is that which Augustine and all the great theologians have taught; though Mr. Calderwood, in opposing it, repeatedly speaks of it as novel and opposed to the commonly received doctrine.

Professor Ferrier of St. Andrew's at length has appeared with his longpromised" Institutes of Metaphysics." This work forms a not very large volume, but one which contains the condensed essence of much careful thinking, and extensive reading in both ancient and modern philosophy. It is, perhaps, the most truly original work in the department to which it belongs, which has been produced in Britain for the last century. The author is an Idealist, and has done more in this volume to place the Idealist theory of knowledge in a true light and to set forth its just claims, than any British philosopher since Berkeley. He is not a follower of Berkeley; for he pursues so independent and self-sustained a course that he cannot with propriety be called a follower of any body; but Berkeley has evidently taught him much, and in turn is indebted to him for a fair statement of his views— views singularly ingenious and profound, but of which the world has been