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Preterpluperfect tense, it might or could have had rained. First Future tense is wanting.

Second Future tense, it may or can rain hereafter.

The Optative mood is made by prefixing an adverb of wishing to the potential mood; as, O that it might rain! &c. The Subjunctive mood is made by prefixing a conjunction to the potential mood; as, if it might rain! &e.

The INFINITIVE MOOD is wanting.

Q. Give an example of the formation of the verb imperson al passive, it is reported.

A.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present tense, it is reported.

Preterperfect tense, it hath or has been reported.
Preterimperfect tense, it was reported.

Preterpluperfect tense, it had been reported.
First future tense, it shall or will be reported.
Second future tense, it shall, or will be reported hereaster.
IMPERATIVE MOOD, Let it be reported.

POTENTIAL MOOD.
Present tense, it may, or can be reported:

Preterperfect tense, it might, or could have been reported. Preterimperfect tense, it might or could be reported. Preterpluperfect tense, it might, or could have had been reported.

First future tense is wanting.

Second future tense, it may or can be reported hereafter. The Optative mood is made by prefixing an adverb of wish. ing to the potential mood; as, O that it might be reported! The Subjunctive mood is made by prefixing a conjunction to the potential mood; as, if it might be reported. The INFINITIVE MOOD is wanting.

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A. A participle is a part of speech derived of a verb, signifies being, doing, or suffering, and also implies time, as a verb does; but it is otherwise like a noun adjective.

Q. How many participles are there?

A. Two: the active participle, that ends in ing; as, loving: and the passive participle, that ends in d, t, or n; as, loved, taught, slain.

CHAP. VII.

OF AN ADVERB.

Q. What is an adverb?

A. An adverb is a part of speech commonly set before a verb, either to declare and fix the meaning thereof, or to give some force and distinction thereto; as, there is sorrow, where there is pain.

Q. What are adverbs?

A. These following most commonly occur; already, always, as, asunder, by and by, by, or hard by, downward, elsewhere, enough, ever, far or far off, hence, henceforth. here, hereafter, heretofore, hither, how, how great, how many, how much, 1, if I might, indeed, I wish, nay, never, no, not, now, no where, often, oftentimes, O Oh, Oh that, peradventure, perhaps, rather, seldom, so, than, then, thence, there, thither, to-day, to-morrow, very, upward, when, whence, where, whither, yea, yes, yesterday, yesternight; also all such adverbs in ly, as are derived from adjectives; as, justly, wisely, truly, prudently, bravely, &c. and all ordinals; as, once, twice, thrice, four times, five times, &c.

Q. Are not some adverbs compared ?

A. Yes; especially adverbs in ly; as, wisely, more wisely, very wisely.

CHAP. VIII.

OF A CONJUNCTION.

Q. WHAT is a conjunction?

A. A conjunction is a part of speech that joins words and sentences together; shews the reason of a thing, or lays the subject under a condition.

Q. How many sorts of conjunctions are there?

A. Many; but the chief are copulatives, disjunctives, causals and conditionals.

Q. What is the use of the conjunction copulative?

A. It joins both the words and the sense of a sentence; as,

I study and Peter plays.

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Q. What is the use of a disjunctive?

A. It joins words, but disjoins the sense; as I or Peter

shall be punished.

Q. What is the use of a causal?

A. It shews the cause or reason of a thing; as, I do study that I may be learned.

Q. What is the use of a conditional?

A. It renders the speech doubtful; as, if the sky falls we shall catch larks.

Q. Give me a list of the principal conjunctions?

A

A. Also, although, and, as, because, but, either, except, for, however, if, likewise, moreover, namely, neither, nevertheless, nor, or, otherwise, save, since, that, therefore, thereupon, unless, whereas, wherefore, whether, whither.

CHAP. IX.

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OF A PREPOSITION.

Q. WHAT is a preposition?

A. A preposition is a part of speech regularly set before a word of another part of speech, either separated from it or joined to it, to signify its rest, alteration, and manner of motion.

Q. Give an example?

A. Alexander travelled into Persia; here into is the preposition, sepa: ated from the noun: but in this the conclusion will shew the matter, the preposition con is joined to clusion.

Q. By what name do you call the preposition that stands separate?

A. It is called apposition.

Q. How call you that preposition which is joined to the noun ?

A. It is called composition.

Q. Which are the prepositions set separate, or by apposi tion?

A. They are these that follow: Above, about, after against, among or amongst, at, before, behind, before or in presence of, beneath, below, between, betwixt, beyond, on this side, by or through, beside, for, from, in, into, in or upon, over, off, out or out of, to or unto, towards, under, up, to, with, within, without.

Q. Which are the prepositions joined or set in composi tion?

A. These that follow, which are proper to the English Tongue only:

1. A, which is used for on, or in; as, a foot, for on foot; a bed, for in bed; tho' it is sometimes redundant; as, in abide, for bide; awake, for wake.

2. Be, which is used for about; as, in besprinkle, i, e, to sprinkle about; For by or uigh; as, beside, i. e. by or nigh the side: For in; as, betimes, i. e. in time or early; For before; as, to bespeak, i. e. to speak for, &c.

3. Counter, which signifies opposition or contrariety; as, counterbalance, counterscarp, counterfeit.

4. For, which signifies negation, or privation; as, to forbid, to forsake.

5. Fore, which signifies before; as, to foresee, to foretell. 6. Mis, which denotes defect or error; as, misdeed, mistake.

7. Over, which signifies eminency or superiority; as, to overcome, to oversee. It denotes also excess; as, overhasty. 8. Out, which signifies excess, excellency, or superiority; as, to out-do, to out-run, out-wit.

9. Uu, which denotes negation and contrariety; as, unpleasant, unworthy: Also, dissolution; as, to unsay, to undo. 10. Up, which denotes motion upwards or places and things that lie upwards; as, up, and upside.

11. Sur, which siguifies on, over, or upon, derived from the Latin, supper; as, surface.

12. With, which signifies against, or opposition! as, to withstand, i. e. to stand against. Sometimes it signifies from or back: as, to with-hold to with-draw.

Q Which are the prepositions in composition borrowed from the Latin?

A. 1. A and ab, whose natural signification is from, of, and of: but compounded with an English word, serve either to denote excess; as, about, afore, abhor, abuse, abroad, or else to signify separation; as, to abstain, to abolish.

2. Ad, which signifies to, or at; as, advocate, advent, adverb..

3. Ante, which signifies before; as, antecedent, to antedate. 4. Circum, which signifies about; as, circumlocution, circumvallation, circumscribe.

5. Co, col, com, and con, for cum, signify with, or together; as, copartner, colloquy, commerce, convocation.

6. Contra, which signifies against, and denotes opposition or contrariety; as, to contradict.

7. De, which signifies a kind of motion from; as, decant, detract, deduce, and so is properly used to extend the sense of a word; as, to demonstrate, to deplore. It also denotes contrariety: as, demerit.

8. Di, which serves to extend, stretch out or lessen the sense of the word it is compounded with; as, direct diminish dilate. 9. Dis, which signifies separation, difference or diversity, giving a signification contrary to the primitive usage of the word it is compounded with; as, to disagree, to discharge. 10. E or ex, which siguifies out, out of, or off; as, event,

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i. e. the falling out; to eject, i. e. to cast out; to exclude, i. e. to shut out.

11. Extra, which signifies beyond, over and above; as, extravagant, extraordinary.

12. In or im, which generally denotes the position or disposition, or an action whereby one thing is, as it were, put into another; as, to import, to impale, to inclose; or the im pression whereby the thing receives such and such a form; as, to enchant, to incline. It likewise denotes want or imperfection; as, implore, importune, impoverish, impair, impotent, &c. Greatness or largeness; as, immense, immensity; Likeness; as, imitate, imitation; Unchangeableness; as, immutable; Purity; as, immaculate. i. e. unspotted: Hindrance: as, impede, i. e. to stop; Force; as, to impel, i. e. to drive forward: Accusation; as, to impeach; Pride; as, imperious: Violence; as, impetuous; Confinement; as, immure, i. e. to shut up between two walls. It is also used at the beginning of words, to denote privation, or not; and gives a contrary sense to the word it is compounded with; as, indecent, inhuman, injustice, imprudent, imperfect, impenitent. Also in one word where in is changed into ig; as, ignoble.

Note. In words derived from the French, instead of in, we commonly use en; as, to enrage, to encourage; but then it never denotes privation or not.

13. Inter, which signifies between; as, to intervene, to interrupt; But in interdict, it signifies as much as for, in forbid. Sometimes we use enter, in words derived from the French. 14. Intro, which signifies within; as, to introduce.

15. Ob, which signifies against; as, obstacle, to oppose. 16. Per, which signifies through; and denotes a certain degree of excellence or excess; as, perfect, perforate, perse

cute.

17. Post, which signifies after; as, postcript.

18. Pre, which signifies before; as, premeditate, to preengage, preface,

19. Pro, which signifies for or forth; but it has also a great many other senses; as, to profess, protect, pronounce, prorogue.

20. Preter, which signifies against; as, preternatural.

21. Re, which generally implies a repeated action; as, to repeat, rechange: sometimes it denotes opposition; as. to repulse; sometimes it denotes only the enlarging the sense of the simple verb; as, repose, repast; sometimes it siguifies the changing one thing or state into another; as, reduce, reduction; sometimes it denotes contrariety; as, reverse; sometimes honour and esteem; as, regard, respect;

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