the preceding conclusions. By water, we are convinced, the more or less in a healthy state, the animal lives, the vegetable grows, and that the mineral kingdom acknowledges its creative and decomposing powers. If water be considered merely as the common beverage of man, or the foundation of it, and, therefore, the diluter of his juices; if as a liquid serving the culinary purposes of life, and, consequently, the great vehicle of his nutriment; there can be no doubt of its being a duty incumbent on the physician to examine it but if water be viewed in the light of a medicated liquor, of a medicine provided for him by the hand of providence, and capable of either being exceedingly useful or injurious, as it is judiciously or otherwise applied; then does the neglect of such an examination become an unpardonable omission. : Water, when it is insipid, pelucid, inodourous and light; when it boils quickly, freezes soon, and incorporates with soap, is good and answers for every salutary and domestic use but the physician must aim at something more by the decomposition of it; he must investigate the true nature of its contents, particularly when, as a medicated liquid, it becomes the object of consideration. It is not from these remarks intended to be insinuated, that the analysis of waters is an unerring guide to the true use of them; it is considered only as an assistant to experience; and that from the exact nature of their contents, new lights may arise to the prescriber; hence, the imperfect solution of some parts may be completed, the noxious redundancy of others separated, while the defects of proportion, in parts necessary to the attainment of particular views, may be remedied by the addition of congenial medicines. Perhaps, in the united kingdom, there is not a town better supplied with this most valuable liquid that this though many of the wells, which are near the shore, suffer somewhat in limpidity and taste at the ebb and flow of every tide. It is somewhat curious, that some of these wells rise as the tide declines, and are nearly empty at high water. Though the taste of the waters of the wells vary as above described, but which, notwithstanding, require a very accurate taste to distinguish the periodical difference of, yet are they considered replete with all the properties conducive to the cause of health; and experiments have proved, that in all the qualities that ought to recommend them generally to domestic purposes, the use of the weak and the robust, they are richly and beneficially stored. From experience, therefore, it appears, that the waters here are providentially adapted to every domestic and valetudinary purpose; and as the qualities of the springs of any place, have, from the time of Hippocrates to this day, been looked on as a mark of those of the air, the sweetness and goodness of them here, may, with propriety, be esteemed a corroborating proof of the healthfulness of the circumambient air of the town. (To be continued.) CHARLES THE FIRST---continued from page 85. 1623. But the generous Spaniard intended to make no such market of him, but gave him all the royall entertainment which a princely suitor might expect. Nor was the prince wanting for his part in all fit compliances by which he might both gain on them, and preserve himself: for, by his courtly garb, he won so much on the affections of the infanta; and by his grave and circumspect behaviour, got so much ground upon the king and his councel, that the match went forward in good earnest. The articles of the marriage, with all the circumstances thereof, were agreed upon, and solemnly sworn to, by both kings Nor was the pope wanting in the grant of a dispensation (without which, nothing could be done), writing a letter to the prince, who returned to him a civil answer, which, afterwards, was reckoned amongst his crimes, by such as rather would not, than, did not know the necessity which lay upon him of keeping, at that time, a plausible correspondence with the catholick party. But, as for his religion, the change, whereof, was moved by the pope, and much hoped for by the court of Spain-at his first coming thither, he shewed so many strong evidences of his constancy in it, that those hopes soon vanished; and, that it might appear that he professed no other religion, than what was agreeable to the rules of antiquity, and not much abhorrent from the formes then used in the church of Rome, the English liturgie was, by the care of the lord keeper, Williams, translated into the Spanish tongue, and so many copies of the book then printed, sent into Spain, as gave great satisfaction, in that point, to the court and clergy. And this, I must needs say, was very seasonably done-the Spaniards, being till then, perswaded by their priests and Jesuits, that, when the English had cast off the pope, they had cast off, also, all religion, and became mere Atheists-the name of God being never used amongst them, but with a purpose to expose it unto scorn and prophanation; insomuch, that the constable of Castile, being sent to swear the peace concluded with Spain -when he understood the businesse was to be performed in the chappel, where some anthems were to be sung-desired, that whatsoever was sung, God's name might not be used in it, and that being forborn, he was content they should sing what they listed. King James, himself, so relates the story, in arch-bishop Spotswood, fol. 530. But the prince had another game to play, namely, the restitution of the Palitinate, which the Spaniard would not suffer to be brought under the treaty, rẹserving it (as they pretended) to be bestowed by the infanta after the marriage, the better to ingratiate herself with the English nation-which being a point of too great moment to depend upon no other assurance than a court complement, he concluded with himself, that, since he could not prevaile in the one, he would not proceed unto the consummation of the other. And, hereupon, he was much edged on by the duke of Buckingham, who, having conceived some deep displeasure against the conde de Olivarez, the special favourite of that king, desired rather that all treaties should be broken off, than that any alliance should be made, in which that conde had appeared so instrumentall. But it did concern the prince, so to provide for his own safety, that no intimation might be made of the intended rupture, till he had unwinded himself out of that labyrinth into which he was cast; for which cause, having desired of his father that some ships might be sent to bring him home, he shewed himself a more passionate lover than ever formerly, and made a proxie to the catholick king and don Charles, his brother, in his name to espouse the lady infanta; which proxie he left with Digby, not long before, made earl of Bristol, by him to be delivered within some few daies after the coming of the expected dispensation. But, no sooner had he took his leave, and was out of danger, but he dispatcht a post unto him, commanding him not to deliver up the proxie, untill further order. And, having so done, he hois'd sails and came for England-arriving at Portsmouth, on Sunday, the fifth of October, anno 1623; from whence, by post horses, he past to London, the next morning, and so by coach to the king, at Royston, to the great content of all the kingdome-declared by bells, bonfires, and all other the accustomed expressions of a publick joy. The king, being made ac quainted with all particulars, and that no assurance could be had of the restitution of the Palatinate, by the advice of his privy councel, dispatcht a command to the earl of Bristol, not to deliver up the proxie unlesse the businesse of the Palatinate were concluded also. The expectation, whereof, not being answered by successe, a parliament is sum→ moned, to begin on the sixteenth day of February, then next following, to the end, that all things might be governed in this great affair by the publick councel of the kingdom. Not long after the beginning, whereof, the duke declared before both houses (more to the disadvantage of the Spaniard than there was just ground for) how unhandsomely they had dealt with the prince, when he was in Spain-how they had fed him with delaies—what indignities they had put upon him—and, finally, had sent him back, not only without the Palatinate, but, without a wife; leaving it to their prudent consideration what course to follow. It was, thereupon, voted by both houses, that his majesty should be desired to break off all treaties with the king of Spain, and to engage himself in a war against him for the recovery of the Palatinate, not otherwise to be obtained. And that they might come the better to the end they aimed at, they addresse themselves unto the prince, whom they assured, that they would stand to him in that war to the very last expence of their lives and fortunes; and he, accordingly, being further set on by the duke, became their instrument to perswade his father to hearken to the common votes and desires of his subjects, which the king, prest by their continuall importunities, did, at the last, assent to. for, though they had ingaged the king in a war with Spain, and granted him three subsidies and three fifteens, toward the beginning of that war-yet would they not suffer that grant to passe into an act of parliament, till the king had yielded to another, against concealments: insomuch, as it was affirmed by justice Dodderidge, at the next publick assizes, held in Oxford, that the king, by passing that Act, had bought those subsidies and fifteens at ten years purchase. Nor dealt they otherwise with this prince, than they did with his father. Those very commons who had ingaged him in the war, and bound themselves to make good that ingagement with their lives and fortunes, most shamefully deserted him in the first parliament of his reign; and, after working more and more upon his necessities, till they had robbed him of the richest jewels in the regall diadem. (To be continued.) But in the conduct of this businesse, the prince consulted more the duke's passion, and the pleasing of the commons in parliament, than either his own or the regall interest. For there is nothing more unsafe for a king of England, than to cast himself upon the necessity of calling parliaments, and depending on the purse of the subject; by means, whereof, he makes himself obnoxious to the humour of any prevailing member in the house of commons, and becomes lesse in reputation both at home and abroad. The commons, since the time of king James, have seldome parted with a peny, but they have paid themselves well for it out of the prerogative. And this appeared by their proceedings in this very parliament; ANECDOTES OF THE NORTH AMERI- rubbed over with vermilion, CAN INDIANS. When an Indian strikes a person on the temple with a tomahawk, the victim instantly drops; he then seizes his hair with one hand, twisting it very tight toge ther, to separate the skin from the head, and placing his knee on the breast, with the other he draws the scalping knife from the sheath, and cuts the skin round the forehead, pulling it off with his teeth. As he is very dextrous, the operation is generally performed in two minutes. The scalp is then extended on three hoops, dried in the sun, and Some of the Indians, in time of war, when scalps are well paid for, divide one into five or six parts, and carry them to the nearest post, in hopes of recovering a reward proportionate to the number. When the scalp is taken from the head of one of their people, they frequently make the dead body of advantage to them, by dressing it up, and painting it with vermilion; they then place it against a tree with weapons in its hand, to induce the Indians to suppose it an enemy on the watch; and round the body they set spears in the ground so as scarcely to be discernible. The Indians, on seeing the person against the tree, and anxious to make him a prisoner, in the eagerness of running fall on the points of the spears, and being disabled from proceeding, are easily made prisoners. The following anecdote will sufficiently shew the dexterity of these people in this horrid art. A Mohawk, of the name of Scunnionsa, or the Elk, and a Chippeway Indian, of the name of Cark Cark, or the Crow, having met at a council of war, near Crown Point, in the year 1757, were extolling their own merits, and boasting of their superiority in taking scalps. The Mohawk contended that he could take a larger scalp than the Chippeway warrior, who was very highly offended, and desired that the experiment might be made. They parted, each pursuing a different route, after having first agreed to meet at a certain place on a particular day, when a council was to be held. At the time appointed, they returned, and appeared at the council. The Mohawk laid down his scalp, which was the skin of the head and neck of a man, stuffed with fine moss, and sewed up with deer's sinews, and the eyes fastened in. The chiefs expressed their approbation, and pronounced him to be a great and brave warrior. The Chippeway then rose, and looking earnestly at the Mohawk, desired the interpreter to tell him that it was an old woman's scalp, which is considered as a term of great reproach, and called to one of his sons to bring forward his scalp; when, instantly, he exhibted to their view the complete skin of a man, stuffed with downfeathers, and sewed very close with deer's sinews. The chiefs loaded him with praise, and unanimously acknowledged his superiority. The Mohawk warrior, fired with resentment, withdrew from the council meditating revenge; and as soon as he saw the Chippeway come forth, he followed him, and, watching a convenient opportunity, dispatched him with his tomahawk, rejoicing that he had, even in this dastardly manner, got rid of a victorious rival. The Indians possess strong natural abilities, and are even capable of receiving improvement from literary pursuits. An old American savage, being at an inn at New York, met with a gentleman who gave him some liquor, and, being rather lively, he began to boast that he could read and write English. The gentleman, willing to indulge him in displaying his knowledge, begged leave to propose a question, to which the old man consented. He was then asked who was the first circumcised. The Indian immediately replied, father Abraham and directly asked the gentleman who was the first Quaker. He said it was very uncertain, as that people differed in their sentiments exceedingly. The Indian, perceiving the gentleman unable to resolve the question, put his fingers into his mouth, to express his surprise, and looking steadfastly, told him Mordecai was the first Quaker, for he would not pull off his hat to Haman. : The following instance of bravery and generosity occurred at Michillimakinac. An Indian boy, |