Arnauts, &c., 930,000; but the Bulgarians have recently asserted their religious independence, and have now an Exarch, 15 Bishops, and 500 Priests, of their own nationality, and administer their own affairs. The Roman Catholic Armenians and the Old Armenians have also obtained selfgovernment, independent of Rome, &c. All these movements are the result of the influence of the European and American Missions and Schools. On the other hand, the policy of the Government of Turkey appears to be more reactionary and intolerant,-a proof, perhaps, that the progress of Christian ideas is beginning to be realized and dreaded by zealous Mohammedans. Western civilization is as yet merely a varnish which conceals the bigotry of the people. Education of a certain sort is given in the principal towns, and Schools attached to the mosques. By the law of 1869 Schools were to be established in every town and village, but this is not carried out. In Constantinople there are 415 public Schools, with 24,000 pupils. ROUMANIA, (WALLACHIA, MOLDAVIA.)—The population of these Danubian provinces is 4,400,000, all of the Greek Church. SERVIA, which, like Roumania, is only nominally attached to Turkey, has a population of 1,000,000, all of the Greek Church (included in the estimate of the population of Turkey).

GREECE.-Population, 1,500,000, all of the Greek Church, except 24,000 Roman Catholics. Education is at a low ebb. In 1864 there were 500 Teachers in the public and private Schools, with 64,061 Professors, and about 14,000 scholars in other Schools; but the returns cannot be relied upon.

Grammars, &c.-A Turkish Grammar, and Modern Greek Grammar, have been completed by the Missionaries of the American Board of Foreign Missions. A Modern Greek Dictionary, by the Rev. Mr. Lowndes, of the London Missionary Society.

N.B. THE MOSLEM MISSIONARY SOCIETY is attempting to raise the means for employing 75 Ministers of a Church of England brotherhood for Mohammedan countries.

BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETIES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society has circulated in Turkey 29,894 Scriptures and portions of the Bible; cost of which and colporteurs, £8,224. In Greece, 969 copies.

2. The Native Bible Society of Scotland has 2 colporteurs, and circulates 855 Scriptures; cost, £201.

3. The Religious Tract Society has granted in money and books to Turkey, £466.

EDITIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society has published the entire Bible_in Turkish; also the New Testament, Genesis, and Psalms in Dr. Schauffler's version-the entire Bible in Græco-Turkish, and in Servian, Bulgarian, and Armenian-Turkish; the New Testament and Psalms in Gheg, (North Albania,) and in Tosk, (South Albania,) with modern Greek. It has also published the Bible in modern Greek and ancient Greek ; and an Edition of St. Luke and the Acts in Greek, (Roman type,) and an Edition of the Roumanic Bible in the Old and New Versions.

2. The American Bible Society has published the Bible in modern Syriac and Armenian and Arabic; the Pentateuch and Psalms in Arabic; the New Testament in Slavic and Bulgarian; also the Bible in HebrewSpanish, and Hebrew-German.

HOME RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF TURKEY IN ASIA

AND PERSIA.

TURKEY IN ASIA.-Population is estimated variously, and the results given are merely approximations to the truth. The Mohammedans consist of Osmanlis, principally found in Asia Minor, 10, 700,000; Arabs, 900,000; Syrians, 235,000; Druses, 25,000; Kurds, 1,000,000; Turkomans, 90,000; in all, 12,950,000, which is no doubt a very exaggerated estimate. Jews, 100,000; Armenians and other native Christian bodies, 1,560,000; Greeks, 800,000; Roman Catholics, 640,000; in all, 3,000,000 of professed Christians. The population of Syria, including Palestine, is variously estimated at from 1 to 2,000,000, including about 16,000 Jews, most of whom are supported by the charity of their brethren in Europe and America. A remnant of the Samaritan people and sect, in all merely 150, is yet to be found near Nablous. PERSIA.-Population estimated by some at four and a half millions, by others at 10,000,000(Mohammedan.) A large portion of this population is composed of nomadic tribes, and much of the territory called Persia in the maps is a mere desert. The Christian Armenian population is about 25,000, and the Nestorians about the same, in all 50,000. Both in Turkey and Asia generally, and in Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine, the influence of the Missions is beginning to be felt by the Mohammedans, and by the native Christian Churches. Already the Greek, Roman Catholic, and Armenian patriarchs have established 100 Schools in opposition to the Mission Schools. In Persia the American Presbyterians have from their head Mission in Kurdistan established themselves at Hamadan and Teheran.

Grammars.-An Arabic Grammar and Dictionary has been compiled by the Missionaries of the American Board of Foreign Missions; also a Grammar and Dictionary of the modern Armenian, by the same. A Grammar and Dictionary of the modern Syriac, by Dr. Perkins, of the American Board of Foreign Missions; and a Grammar of modern Syriac, by Dr. Stodhardt, of the same Society.

BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETIES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society has circulated 1,585 copies of Scriptures and portions in Syriac, and grants to a colporteur £50. In Palestine, 882 Scriptures and portions.

2. The American Bible Society has circulated in Asiatic Turkey 11,627 Scriptures and portions, and employs 30 colporteurs, at a cost of £5,300.

EDITIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society has published for Asiatic Turkey in ancient and modern Armenian, the Bible, also the New Testament and Psalms. In Trans-Caucasian Tartar, St. Matthew. In Kurdish, the four Gospels. In Hebrew, the Old Testament and two versions of the New Testament. In Arabic, the entire Bible in two versions. In Judeo-Arabic, part of the New Testament. In Syriac, the entire Bible. In Syriac and Carshan, the entire Bible. In Carshan, the New Testament. In Syro-Chaldaic, the Gospels.

2. The British and Foreign Bible Society has published for Persia and its vicinity, the New Testament, (Henry Martyn's version,) the Old Testament, (Robinson's,) the New Testament, (Glen's,) also Isaiah and Genesis. In JudeoPersic, the four Gospels. In Pushtoo, Historical Books and New Testament, (two versions.) In Beloochee, three Gospels.

XI. EGYPT AND NORTH AFRICAABYSSINIA AND EAST AFRICA.

*Also at Massowah and its vicinity. The Kunamas are also called Shangallas.

HOME RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF EGYPT, &c.

EGYPT has a population of 4,900,000, (census 1867,) the whole of whom, except about 200,000 Copts, are Mohammedans. The Copts are Christians, (Monophysites,) whose ancient language is the old Egyptian mixed with Greek and Arabic. They have two versions of the Scriptures in the Memphitic and Thebaic dialects, and fragments of a Bashmurian or Ammonian version. The Khedive has been very liberal towards the United Presbyterian Mission, having granted them valuable buildings and full toleration; he has also established Schools of various grades in Cairo for boys and girls.

ALGERIA. A French Province. Population, 2,921,246, of which only about 486,272 can be considered as settled; the large majority being composed of nomad tribes: only 213,347 are Europeans. The non-European population is Mohammedan-the European is Roman Catholic and Protestant (of various Churches), with 20,000 or 30,000 Jews.

TUNIS.-Population, 2,500,000. Mohammedans, with a few Jews and Christians, Roman Catholics, and Greeks. The Bey is nominally subject to the Sultan of Turkey. Christians pro

ABYSSINIA and SHOA.-Population, about 4,000,000. fessedly of the Coptic Church, but corrupted and degraded, also many Mohammedans, Heathens, and Jews (Falashas). All the Missions of the Church of England, the Jews Society, and the Christian Brethren, have so far failed to establish themselves. At present the King of Shoa seems favourable to the return of the Pilgrim Crischona Missionaries (one is at Shoa, and two on the way) to Shoa. The Swedish Missionary Society is at Massowah, and among the Kunamas, (Shangallas,) north of Abyssinia proper. Much is it to be regretted that such a Society as the Church Missionary Society should have been compelled to give up a Mission to a people whose capabilities point them out as the first of African races.

EASTERN AFRICAN: ZANZIBAR.-The interest in this Mission is enhanced by the discoveries and explorations of Burton, Grant, and Speke, as well as of Livingstone and Baker, and the recent expedition of Sir Bartle Frere. The Church Missionary Society, and the Universities' Missions, have made great sacrifices in this region, which is a most important position for preparing for future labours in the interior. The Mission of the Methodist Free Churches have reason to be thankful for the success it has met with. This is one of the fields in which "the heroic " spirit of Missionary effort will be needed.

Grammars, &c.-An Amharic Dictionary and Grammar by the Rev. Mr. Isenberg, Church Missionary Society; in Galla, elements of Grammar and Vocabulary, by Dr. Krapf; and a Grammar and Dictionary by Dr. Tertscheck, through the Church Missionary Society; Eckhardt's Enguduk Iloigob Grammar and Vocabulary, (Wakuafi tribes,) Church Missionary Society; Eckhardt's Enguduk Borgob Grammar, (Masai tribes,) Church Missionary Society; Krapf's Vocabulary, Wakuafi, Church Missionary Society; Krapf's Grammar, Kinika, (Kishueli,) Church Missionary Society; Steere's Suaheli language, Universities' Mission; Isenberg's Dankali Vocabulary, Church Missionary Society.

BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETIES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society circulates 2,477 Scriptures in Egypt, 103 in Tunis, 1,578 in Algiers (cost £44); in Abyssinia its grants and payments to colporteurs amount to £347.

EDITIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society has printed for Egypt a Coptic-Arabic Psalms and Gospel; also part of the Gospel of St. Luke in Berber for the tribes in the Oasis: for Abyssinia, the Bible in Amharic; New Testament and Psalms in Ethiopic; the Gospels in Tigre, part of the Bible in Galla: for East Africa, St. Luke in Kinika; Matthew and Psalms in Swaheli.