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*These two bodies formed "The Spanish Christian Church" in 1871; which has four Presbyteries,

HOME RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF SPAIN.

Population, 15,807,753; all professedly Roman Catholics, with the exception of 60,000, Protestants, Jews, &c. Gibraltar has a population of 14,764, chiefly Romanists; Madeira, 100,000, chiefly Romanists. 1. The Roman Catholic Church has 9 Archbishops, and 43 Bishops. In 1862 there were nearly 37,000 Priests, but the number is less at this time. 2. Protestantism in Spain, though progressing, is as yet in its infancy; about 30 towns are partially occupied by Protestant Missionaries. The union of all Presbyterian bodies in one Church will no doubt take place in due time; so also the Congregationalists, and Methodists, Baptists, &c., will aspire to unity of action in their respective Churches. It is an idle dream to fancy that sectarian distinction can yet be dispensed with, or that the entire control of the new Churches can be safely left to inexperienced recent converts from Popery, or that English and American Societies would continue to support Churches over which they were not permitted to exercise an oversight. 3. The body which has foolishly, though no doubt with good intentions, assumed the title of the Evangelical Church of Spain, is composed of Churches raised up and yet supported by the Churches of Switzerland, France, England, Scotland, and America, and has in its Ministry a large proportion of foreign agents. Of sundry private Missions in Spain we can obtain no details. Müller (of Bristol) supports 7 Schools, 700 children, in Barcelona; Empaytiez (an Independent) 2 Schools, 200 children, in Barcelona. Most of the Societies have night-schools for adults. The Spanish Evangelical Society and the Evangelical Church of Spain have institutions for training men for the ministry. Only 3,835,689 Spaniards can read. Education is at a low ebb, but is advancing. In 1868, 22,000 Schools reported 1,251,658 pupils; 58 Colleges, 757 Professors, reported 13,881 students.

HOME RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF PORTUGAL. Population, 3,995,152, with the exception' of 500 Protestants, all Roman Catholic. The Spanish Evangelical Church at Lisbon is under the care of De Mora. The Wesleyan Missionary Church at Oporto has been kindly assisted by the Portuguese Reformation Society. Education has been neglected, though, by law, compulsory. In 1861 there were 1788 public schools, 79,172 scholars; 1 University, with 46 Professors and 900 students; 182 Lyceums, middle-class Colleges, with 3,000 pupils.

GRANTS IN AID OF SPANISH AND PROTESTANT

CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES.

Foreign Aid Society, £75 to Spain; to Portugal, £100.

Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, £100 to Gibraltar. BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETIES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society has circulated in Spain 88,786 Scriptures and portions, and employs colporteurs at a cost of £3,876. In Portugal, 5,287 Bibles and portions, with colporteurs, at a cost of £1,770. 2. The Trinitarian Bible Society has paid the cost of printing the Bible in Spanish, £1,048, and has circulated 4,113 copies of Scriptures and portions in Portugal.

3. The American Bible Society has circulated 1,250 copies of the Scriptures and portions in Spain.

4. The Religious Tract Society has granted to the amount of £687 to Spain. 5. The National Bible Society of Scotland has circulated 920 copies of the

Scriptures and portions in Portugal, cost £96; has 8 colporteurs, and circulates 20,907 Scriptures and portions in Spain, at a cost of £1,495. 6. Mr. Lawrence has circulated 8,280 Scriptures and portions in Spain.

EDITIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES.

1. The British and Foreign Bible Society has published in Spanish the Bible in two versions (Valera's and Scio's), and the New Testament in Enzina's version; in Catalan, the Pentateuch and the Psalms; in Spanish Basque, two versions of St. Luke (Escuara and Guipuzcoa dialects), also a Jewish-Spanish New Testament, and a Gitano version (Borrow's) of St. Luke; in Portuguese, the Bible in the two versions of Almeida and Pereira; also the New Testament, Genesis, and Psalms in a revised version.

VIII. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

(EUROPE AND ASIA).

HOME RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.

Population, 82,172,022, of which 11,000,000 are in Asia. The Greek Church claim 54,093,310; the Roman Catholics, 7,210,000, chiefly in Poland. There are 2,565,345 Protestants, chiefly in Finland, and in the other German Baltic provinces. The Jews number 2,612,000; the Mohammedans, 2,360,000, besides Pagans in Siberia, Tartary, &c. 1. The Greek Church is ruled by 64 Archbishops, and about 70,000 Priests, but reckoning the Monks 254,000, and 550 Convents; the "Holy Synod" is the administrative body. There are many dissenters in the Russian Greek Church. "The Old Believers" are said to be one-half of the population; and there are many other sects, with wild and fanatical doctrines,-one consequence of the absence of religious freedom. 2. The Roman Catholic Church has 15 Bishops. 3. The Evangelical Lutheran Church has 431 parishes, with 566 Clergy, chiefly in the Baltic provinces and Finland. It has a Finland Missionary Society, which sends Missionaries to South Africa. 4. The Reformed Church has congregations in most of the leading towns. 5. The Moravians have a settlement, with 15 Home Missionaries, and 18 Ministers. The Evangelical German Colonies in Russia have their worship according to the manner of their respective Churches. The Baptists are increasing in Courland, and in other of the German Baltic provinces, and in Finland, and there are many Protestants in the Southern provinces, especially those bordering upon Asiatic Turkey. 6. The Holy Synod of the Roman Church is printing and distributing the Bible and portions of it through the Empire. About 11 per cent. of the population of Russia can read. In Finland all the population can read. The Baltic German provinces are far in advance of Russia Proper and Poland as to education.

1. No foreign Missionaries are tolerated in the Russian Empire; but the AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY UNION reports a self-supporting Baptist congregation and Minister at Aydunepellen, and that there are 3,000 Baptists in Courland. The exercise of official influence, in order to change the religious convictions of the German Lutherans in the Baltic provinces, has greatly pained the friends of religious liberty in Europe. Unless freedom of worship and of proselyting be permitted, the Greek Church will never be stimulated to the full discharge of its duties as a Christian Church. Freedom in ecclesiastical matters would check the wild sectarianism with which half the population of Russia are said to be affected.

2. The Churches of England and Scotland have sundry chaplaincies in St. Petersburg, Odessa, &c.

3. It is, however, gratifying to learn, that for more than ten years past "the Grand Society of Missions" has been in operation, as the Missionary Society of the Established (Greek) Church of Russia. Thirty-one Missionaries are working in the districts near Irkutsk and Lake Baikal, also in Mongolia and Thibet. Eleven Missionaries in Khamtskatka have baptized 5,300 pagans, and have established 12 regular parishes.

BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETIES.

1. THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY has circulated 231,018 copies of the Scriptures and of portions of the Scriptures, which, with cost of depôts, &c., amounts to £14,928.

2. THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY has circulated 18,694 Scriptures and portions.

3. THE TRINITARIAN BIBLE SOCIETY has circulated by colporteurs 10,000 copies of the Gospels in Poland.

4. THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY has granted, in money and books, to Russia, £266.

5. THE RUSSIAN SOCIETY FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SCRIPTURES "is advancing in the range of its influence and operations.”(Bible Society's Report, 1873, p. 141.) This national Society takes the place of the RUSSIAN BIBLE SOCIETY at St. Petersburg, founded in 1812, and of the RUSSIAN PROTESTANT BIBLE SOCIETY, founded in 1826. There is a CENTRAL BIBLE SOCIETY in Finland, with local auxiliaries, and an EVANGELICAL BIBLE SOCIETY in the Baltic provinces and Lithuania.

6. THE NATIONAL BIBLE SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND has 2 colporteurs in Poland, and has circulated 4,347 Scriptures and portions; cost, £85. 7. THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE made a grant to Moscow of books, value, £25.

EDITIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES.

1. THE HOLY SYNOD of the Russian Church has published and circulated the Sclavonic and Modern Russ Version of the Scriptures; the latter has been recently completed by competent scholars. (Bible Society's Report, 1873, p. 140.)

2. THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY has aided in the translation and publication of the Dorpat Esthonian New Testament and Psalms; the Reval Esthonian Bible; the Lettish or Livonian Bible; the Lithuanian Bible; the Polish Bible (two Versions); the Judæo-Polish New Testament. Also in the following dialects :-Karelian, St. Matthew; Zirian, St. Matthew; Samogitian, New Testament; Calmuck, St. Matthew, St. John, and Acts; Mordvinian, New Testament; Tscheremissian, New Testament; Orenburg Tartar, New Testament and part of Old; Karass, New Testament and Psalms; Crimean Tartar, Genesis; Ossitinean, Gospels and Psalms; Georgian, New Testament in two characters; Tschuwaschian, four Gospels.

III. MISSIONS TO THE ORIENTAL CHURCHES IN GREECE, TURKEY, PERSIA, AND EGYPT.

“Ephraim is joined to idols.”—Hosea iv. 17. "Sprinkle water of purifying upon them."-Numbers viii. 7. “He shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver.”— Malachi iii. 3.

“From all your idols will I cleanse you.”—Ezekiel xxxvi. 25.

(1.) RELIGIOUS DIVISIONS OF THE EASTERN
CHURCHES.

I. The ancient but lifeless and decaying Oriental Churches existing in the Turkish Empire, Greece, Persia, and Egypt, are divided into various denominations, the very names of which painfully recall to our memories the centuries of theological controversy immediately preceding the Mohammedan conquests.

1. The Greek Church, which is the Established Church of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Greece, and of a large population of the Turkish Empire. (The Bulgarians are a branch of this Church.)

2. The Armenians, who are widely spread over Arabia, Turkey, and parts of Persia.

3. The Jacobites (Monophysites) of Syria, and the Maronites (Monothelites).

4. The Chaldeans, or Nestorians, chiefly found in Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, and Persia.

5. The Copts in Egypt.

6. The Abyssinian Church, professedly Coptic.

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