loquutum, adeò dextrè divinæ Pagina sensum exposuit. Sic plus literaria illius quies prosit hominibus, quàm aliorum sudor, et irrequietus labor. O fœlicem Academiam, quæ tam regali deposito superbire gestit! Desinite tandem fugitiva aliorum Inventa, subtiles, et inanes Metaphysices Abstractiones curiosiùs venari. Istiusmodi ́enim literæ ad virtutem doctoribus parùm profuerunt: Postulare videtur vestri Judicii maturitas, ingenii acumen, animi robur, ut non tam Scholæ studeatis, quàm Reipublicæ. Volvenda et revolvenda sunt.

Nocturna versanda manu, versanda diurná, haud Varronis alicujus, sed Regis Touμalεorárov Opera, quæ vos peregrinantes, et veluti in Patria hospites domum perducent, ut unde, qui, et ubi sitis, exploratum habeatis. Hic docetur Ars omnium pulcherrima, Imperare scilicet et Parere. Hic discatis frigere sine usu disputationes, nisi in mediam proferatis lucem, quæ in hâc umbratili Exercitatione disseruntur. Cùm igitur digni tanto honore, tantaque reperti sitis fœlicitate, ut initium et finis studiorum à Voce Imperatoria procedant, conatus vestros pulcherrima spes foveat, posse etiam et vos (si Solis et Apollinis vestri ductum sequamini) ad honores, et dignitates designari. Academia distinguitur Scholis, clarescit Collegiis, floret disciplinis, at ut ab Authore, ita ab hoc opere Nomen tuetur.

⚫ Bibliotheca non erit literarum Edificium, sed Miraculum, quia hunc Orbis totius Thesaurum continebit. Ipsi veterum libri gloriâ spoliati, senio, et vetustate squalidi, novo hoc Radio protinus resplendescent. Quocirca circumferte hanc famæ vestræ Facem, ut diffusiori luceat radio. Cujus enim industriam non exacuat tam luculentum Favoris auxilium? Quisquamne erit, qui ætatem inerti solvet otio, cum Principis labores et studia quotidie in oculis, et manibus versentur? Quisquamne erit, qui ingenium situ et sordibus obsolescere patietur, cùm cogitârit Principi, sive in Curià, sive in Senatu, unum utrobique negotium Legere, et Scribere? Estuat hic Oratio, et læto, liberóque motu ardet evagari; sed reprimam stili pertinaciam, ne in alienam videar involare messem; quod tamen minimè timendum est Laudatori tanti Regis; Nam cùm omnia effundant omnes, semper novus veniat Laudator Ejus, tantam facultatem, et copiam suppeditat dictorum, factorúmque Amplitudo. Quid superest (Academici, usque ad invidiam fœlicissimi) nisi ut Cæleste hoc Ancile Bodleiano Mnemosynes Fano consecretis ?

Dividite muros, et mœnia pandite circum
Sacra canant vates.-

Sic nos, Felix Palladium sacratâ sistimus Arce.

dederit: à RIOratore Publice

Oratio habita in Domo Convocationis Oxon. Maii. 29. 1620.
cùm Sereniss. R. Jac. Opera sua Acad. dono
CHARDO GARDINER, ex Æde Christi A. M.
Deputato.

De salvo, et incolumi Regis CAROLI Reditu ad Oxonium ab aspera Martis Pugnâ circa Collem, Edge-Hill vocatum, in ampliori Edis Christi Area, Gratulatio Octob. 29. 1642.

DABIS veniam, Regum Augustissime, si deplorata, et propè expirans Academia vix erigat òculos præ dolore madidos, præ pudore solo defixos, ad Serenitatis Vestræ lucem intuendam. Proh Fidem! Undique prorumpit immanis belli intestini furor, passim irrepunt vafra, et perfida ingenia, adeò ut de salute vestra simus solliciti etiam dum loquimur. Aciem instruere in tutelam nec penes Academicos, nec fas: imò eò res delapsa est, ut nobis inermibus planè religio sit, circumforaneo cuilibet sicario cædem minitanti inultas præbere cervices: Ac si non vivatur in Regno CAROLINO, sed (quod intimè in votis est scelere, et egestate perditis) in magno quodam Latrocinio. Præstò tamen est Legio Fulminatrix, nimirum deusa Precum et Lachrymarum agmina, quæ contra, nec mare, nec tellus, nec conjuratæ Inferorum portæ attollent cristas. Hæ sunt machina Academica, hæc propugnacula, et munimenta Ecclesiæ pro incolumitate Vestrâ. Adest etiam in procinctu tota Stagirita cohors, Grex Aristotelicus, qui non solum Intentionali conceptuum obsequio, sed omni Rerum conamine, et totis Prædicamentorum Classibus Tuam colit Majestatem. Nec immeritò: Quicquid enim Tibi evenit, nostrum est, participamus dolores æquè ac gaudia. Si magno conatui alma pax arriserit, agimus triumphum; sin inauspicatiùs (quòd absit) succedant omnia, res ad manticam venit, actum est de doctrinæ incrementis, et universo Musarum populo. Quocirca cum prelii nuperrimi constans fama increbuisset (in quo satis patuit quantam animi celsitatem gereret pectus vestrum mansuetum, et generosum) contrahebantur animi in singultus, et suspiria, nec quidquam nobis sincerum, et firmum supererat præter Votum. Totos artus invasit tremor, ne spectatissimam Personam vestram, ardentem, et alacrem in arenă consistentem, Alterum latus Principe CAROLO stipante, Alterum Duce Eboracensi, nequissimus quispiam Insidiator in extremum induceret discrimen. Nunc autem, Majestate Vestrâ salva visâ, in liberiores expatiamur gratulationes: quippe quò magis solliciti fuimus ex tuo periculo, eò fusiùs lætamur tuâ salute, et sic ipso fruimur moerore. Quàm suspicimus affectûs Vestri fidem! Quàm agnoscimus indefessam indulgentiæ pertinaciam! Satis mirari non possumus favoris vestri statas vices. Alii eâdem aurà, quâ spem erigunt, destruunt; Tu is es, qui, quod dicis, statuis, et superni Moderatoris exemplo, atque auxilio, dicendo facis. Officiosi istius gaudii pensum imperavit mihi communis Salutantium turba, quâ distenta fervent atria: aliquam etiam religiosa mentis victimam immolare jussit privatæ observantiæ conscientia. Siquidem in isto rerum turbine placuit Candori Vestro me perturbatum, et in latibulis abditum extrahere in lucem et solem spectandæ vestræ Clientela. Expansâ tituli dignitate, indies crescentia procudam officia, et nostrum perenne obsequium, nec moram agnoscet, nec terminum. Non est instituti nostri orationis cursum productiori filo extendere. Brevitas semper grata, in hisce difficultatibus necessaria: supersedebo itaque Rhe toricari, et quod nostri muneris est, Oratoris sancti partes agam.

Crescat Imperii Vestri Majestas, augeatur magnifica Regiæ stirpis gloria, secundo semper veharis flatu; Agri, Urbes, singulæ ditionis Vestræ oræ, ac anguli deponant simultates, et in veterem coëant reve rentiam: Germinent fides altiș radicibus, existimatio foris, Pax Reipublicæ, et opulenta serenitas coalescant, ac, ut verbo complectar omnia, Serus in Cœlum redeas, diuque Lætus intersis populo Britanno.

Sic Acad. Oxon. nomine peroravit RICHARDUS GARDINER,
Ex Æde Christi.

BIBLICAL CRITICISM.

THE idea which J. H. M. S. suggested in his note, in No. XIII. with respect to that Crux Criticorum, Gen. xxxvi. 24., has occupied a great portion of the little leisure which I have; and if you think the following remarks, borrowed and original, upon worthy of insertion, they are at your service.

J. M.

J. H. M. S. says, "Cannot this word be supposed to be the same with that in Deut. ii. 10. and 11.?" This query, which he does not support by any argument, but which is in direct opposition to the doctrine laid down by M. S. M. induced me to have recourse to Poole, to see if there existed any grounds for such a supposition. I thought, from the slight notice which M. S. M. has taken of this prince of commentators, that his judgment would be in favor of the interpretation of this word, by our word mules, and turned to him more with the idea of seeing whether any one had attempted to defend the rendering of it by Emim, or Giants, than with any hopes of finding him of that way of thinking; but judge my surprise, when I found him clearly and positively declaring, that his opinion exactly coincided with that of J. H. M. S. I believe that any other person would have drawn the deduction that I did from M. S. M.'s mention of the "learned Poole," (see Classical Journal, Vol. vi. p. 39.); but the judgment of that Colossus of Biblical Criticism shall be given in his own words; and in giving them, I shall make no apology for transcribing the whole of the passage, as far as relates to the question, whether should be rendered mules or giants, lest I should be considered guilty of the faults which I reprobate in M. S. M.

After stating, and disproving in the clearest manner, the renderings seas, water, and warm waters, and observing, fourthly, that others express the Hebrew word by the corresponding Greek

fetters, and thus form it into 'Iauslv, (possibly for the reason given by M.S. M. in his note,) he proceeds thus: "5. Alii mulos vertunt; ita Hebræi in Paul. Fagium, Kimhi in Munster: Abenmel. in Drusium: ita Targum Jon. et Bereshith Rabba 5. 8. et Rabbini Juda et Jarchi, et Pomar. Aquin. omnesque Hebræi recentiores, et Persa et Arabica Vers. et omnes ferè interpretes et lexicographi: Bocharti Hieroz. 1. 2. 21. 239.' Ita Munsterus, Fagius, Vatablus, Grotius, Pagninus, Oleaster, Tigurinus, Junius et Tremellius, Ainsworthus et Piscator." A host of names, which to oppose seems rashness. Junius, Piscator, and the Versio Belgica, add as an explanation to the phrase mulos invenit, "i. e. Artem excogitavit, quâ ex admissurâ equi et asinæ muli procrearentur". ." Probatur ex eo," says one annotator, "quod invenisse dicitur, &c. cum pasceret asinos."

These form the whole of the authorities for the opinion, that by the word we are to understand mules. The arguments against these shall now be adduced-and to begin with the slight remark made at the end of them: "Non placet (sc. hæcce probatio) aliis-Boufrerius dicit, quasi verò quicquid homo reperit inter pascendum asinos, id omne ad asinos debeat pertinere-Et Bochartus scribit, non ex solis asinis procreantur muli; equorum autem nulla hic mentio." But the great assertion which I make is, that cannot signify mutes. This, I think, will appear from the three following arguments: the first of which only, though he must have been aware of the existence of them all, M. S. M. attempts to controvert. DD cannot signify miles, "Sic probatur: Imo. quia illa vox nusquam mulos significat, (quod docent Bochartus et alii); muli autem DT dicunturHoc omnibus notissimum est. 2ndo. Non diceretur invenisse mulos Ana, quia NY, licet in S. S. exstet locis plus 400, nusquam significat excogitare quod non est, sed reperire rem jam exstantem. 3tio. Probabile est mulorum usum in illis locis non fuisse tam vetustum: nam in armentis et gregibus Abrahami, Isaaci, et Jacobi, et aliorum (Num. xxxi. Jos. vi. Jud. vi. 1 Sam. xv. &c.) censentur, cameli, equi, &c. at muli nusquam-nec ante Davidis tempora, ut docet Bochartus, leguntur mulis usi.”

These three arguments are, I think, sufficient to show, that cannot be rendered mules, even though so great a host of commentators propose or defend such an interpretation. I now

Instead of reading "ita Aq. Sym. et Th. in Boch. Hier. 242. 30." as in M. S. M's. letter, read "ita ó Aq. Sym. et Th. in Boch. Hier. 1. 2. 21. 242. 30.→ á is used to express the Septuagint version.

proceed, in the words of Poole, to lay down some reasons why we should render it Emim or Giants. His words are "Onkelos vertit, (quod tamen Fagius trahit ad mulos, qui DD* dicuntur, vel ab O robore, (quòd onera gravia ferunt,) vel ab

terrore) vid. Fag. Transl: præcip. V. T. coll. Sed Chaldæam vocem, ut bene monet Rivetus, ubique pro gigantibus usurpat. Bochartus ipse vertit gigantes; et eodem recidit, quod Samaritana versio reddit, Emæos, quia hi inter gigantes erant, Deut. ii. 10, 11. Illis itaque Jemim iidem sunt qui Emim, quorum nomen Hebræi vel cum Jod D' scribunt, vel D, sine Jod. Prius si sequamur, dicendum, in D excidisse cujus excisionis permulta dentur exempla; "et, ut idem est Aram, Matth. i. 3., qui Ram, Ruth iv. 19.; idem locus D'ATEN, 1 Sam. xvii. 1. et DTDE, 1 Par. xi. 13.; iidem populi Aramim et Ramim, 2 Par. xxii. 5. ita Emæi, vel cum ,, vel sine N, O, dici potuisse constat. At si sequamur posterius, D erit pro DN, et permutatis." Cujus mutationis exempla perscribere inutile foret. "Adde quòd D' hodie legitur in Hebræo exemplari qui Parisiis editus est charactere Samaritano."

These arguments seem to me to have great weight: if they can be confuted, I shall be happy to see M. S. M. reply to them; for though they express my ideas on the subject, and are therefore pleasing to me, still "magis amica veritas."

But to proceed with Poole-"Si sic igitur intelligas," says he, ❝ loci, alioqui obscuri et intricati, sensus apertus erit et percommodus. Hos Emæos invenisse dicitur Ana, phrasi Hebraïcâ : hoc est, vel in eos incidit, vel etiam irruit in illos ex improviso. Ita verbum inveniendi sumitur Jud. i. 5., 1 Sam. xxxi. 3., et multis aliis locis. Aut igitur paratas insidias virtute suâ elusit, aut magnâ clade eos affecit. Et hoc eò fit verisimilius, quod Emæi Horæis vicini erant (ut constat ex Gen. xiv. 5, 6., et præcipuè ex Deut. ii. 9, 10, 11, 12.) ut nihil tam proclive fuit, quàm hos illorum, aut illos horum fines invadere."

M. S. M. will perceive that these arguments are borrowed, but surely he cannot object to my stating the whole of the arguments on both sides, as given by such a writer as Poole, when he himself selects, and for the sake of appearance affixes, Poole's name to such part of his commentary upon this passage as may suit his own opinion. The extract, too, is made so unfairly, that it reminds us of the quotation from the Psalms, "There is no God;" for the part which M. S. M. has brought forward as having received the approbation of Poole, is the very part which that candid com