NOTICE OF

J. AL. MARTYNI LAGUNE EPISTOLA ad Virum inclytum C. G. HEYNE, Professorem Gottinganum sub Tempus Feriarum scmisecularium Alma Georgia scripta. Ed. 2a. passim correcta et aucta. Lipsia, 1795. 12mo. pp. 100.

THIS work relates to what, the author is pleased to call in his preface Pharsaliæ perpolienda negotium. It abounds with bibliographical, and is occasionally interspersed with critical, information on the subject of Lucan; and the admirers of this declamatory poet, who are interested in knowing the various early editions, through which the poem has passed, will do well to add to their library the little volume before us; our limits will not allow us at present to take a large view of its contents, but we shall feel ourselves much indebted to any of our learned correspondents, who will favor us with a more regular notice of it. We shall content ourselves at present, with making the following extract from the preface:

"Quæ in repetita Epistolæ editione correcta vel aucta sunt, ea videbantur correctione vel augmento egere: in ceteris parum vel nihil immutandum censui-animus erat Epistolæ huic subjicere, Silvam Observationum criticarum, sed ut simplex' illud et unum' Horatii in his quoque servaremus, repudiato consilio Specimen futuræ Editionis integrum elaborare constitui mus."

Recondite Meaning of Ruere in its active and proper sense, and Passages in VIRGIL, HORACE, and LUCRETIUS, explained by it.

LUCRETIUS

UCRETIUS VI. 724. has the following passage,

Est quoque, uti possit magnus congestus arenæ

Fluctibus adversis oppilare ostia contra,
Cum mare permotum ventis ruit intus arenam,

where Creech, Oxonii 1695. p. 343. has the following note: "SicL. I. v. 293.

Virgil.

Quamlibet in partem trudunt res ante ruuntque,

Cumulos arena ruere, et Spumas salis ære ruebant."

"Ruere active, veluti apud Virg. Æn. 1. 39.

Vela dabant læti, et spumas salis ære ruebant,

ac Terent. Çeteros raperem, ruerem, Grammatici et Lexicogr. jam satis adnotarunt, nisi tamen juvat paucis audire Serv. ad Virg. Georg. 1. 105.

ad

Cumulosque ruit male pinguis arenæ,

quæ ille, “Ruit, evertit, dissipat; nam modo agentis est, u

Una Eurusque, Notusque ruunt;

nam aliter dictum est

Ruit alto a culmine Troja:

immo quod magis oppositum videtur, etiam de motu qui fit sursum invenitur, Virg. 2. Æn. 308. (ignis)

Ruit atram

Ad Cœlum picea crassus caligine nubem,”

J. F. Reitzii De Ambiguis, Mediis, et Contrariis, Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1736. p. 530. "Active ponitur pro impellere, sternere : Terent. Adelph. 3, 2, 21. Cæteros ruerem, agerem, raperem, ubi Donanatus, Ruere, activam vim habet, est enim toto corpore uti ad impellendum, quod faciunt, qui ipsi præcipites alios prosternunt; unde proprie sues ruere dicuntur, &c. Ovid. Met. XII. 134.

Cedentemque sequens instat, turbatque, ruitque,
Attonitoque negut requiem:

Apul. in Floridis p. 341.: quod etiam in composito observatur : ita Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 51. Foras omnes proruunt se: active et pro afflis gere, prosternere, sive obruere usus Lucretius, quod in Indice Lucretiano observavit Giphanius: Virg. Georg. 1. 105.: item Æn. 1. 35. Silius 6, 319.

Laxabat ferro, campoque pericla ruebat :

Claud. De Laud. Stilic. 1. 128.

Curvatas glacie silvas umbone ruebat :

:

plura Cort. ad Sall. Jug. 85, 26." B. Fabri Thes. Scholast. Erudit. Gesner in the Thes. Ling. Lat. refers to Plautus Trin. 4, 1, 18. Lucret. 1. 173. et Plin. 11, 37, he observes too that the compounds deruo, diruo, eruo, obruo, (to which he might have added irruo, with J. Meursius in the Criticus Arnobianus) are used in an active sense. Gesner also quotes Horace Serm. 11. 5, 22.

Tu protinus, unde
Divilias ærisque ruam dic, augur, acervos,

and adds: " eruam: nam unde est ex quo, ut Virg. Æn. 11. 211.
Mærentes altum cinerem, et confusa ruebant
Ossa focis,

quod per eruere, levare, interpretatur Servius." In the Variorum Horace, commonly called Dr. Combe's Edition of Horace, we have only this short annotation of Baxter, "Ruam, eruam, Vet. Schol." Dr. Bentley is silent so is also Levinus Torrentius in his Commentary. Lambin, however, observes: "Ruam, eruam, effodiam, comparem, vel dic ruam acervos. i. e. corruam, colligam, construam ♣ tale illud est Sat. 1. L. 1. Dives, Ut metiretur nummos: eodem pertinet illud ex ead. Sat.

At ni id fit, quid habet pulchri constructus acervus?
NO. XV.

VOL. VIII. CĮ. JI.

I

tralatio est." We shall see, as we proceed, that Lambin had correct views of the meaning, but knew not how to explain the use of the word in this sense. In the valuable edition of Horace, published at Venice in 1559, p. 193. we have nothing but the scanty observation of Badius Ascensius, "unde ruam, i. eruam divitias, et acervos æris, i. pecuniæ, quæ tunc area fuit." In Petrus Gualterius Chabotius's edition of Horace, published at Basil 1591, we have the following note in p. 672.: « Unde ruam, sumendum est pro conjuncto, eruam et effodiam ingentem pecuniam, sicut in illo En. 11.

Ossa focis,

Et confusa ruebant

pro eruebant e focis: in h. autem v. est allusio quædam ad mores senum avarorum, qui suos nummos vel humi defodere, vel in foraminibus parietum, vel in arcis et scriniis recondere sine arbitro solent." In the very valuable edition of Horace, published at Basil in 1580, containing the remarks of 40 grammarians, we have these notes: Acron, "ruam, eruam, congregem;" Theodorus Pulmannus, ruam pro eruam. B. Faber in the Thes. Scholast. Erudit., has the following remark, " Ruere, inquit, in Conjectan. Scaliger p. 58., est modio cumulum adæquare, obstreichen, Cic. Att. 16, 11, De laudibus Dolabellæ deruam cumulum, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18. Æris acervos ruit, itμerg scilicet." As to the passage of Cicero, some unnecessarily, and perhaps erroneously, read diruam: Gesner in the Thes. Ling. Lat. well explains it by " quod nimium est, et modum tanquam mensuram excedit, de libro auferam ac delebo." Now this is the sense of the word, illustrated by B. Faber, (though it has not been noticed by the commentators,) which Horace meant in the phrase ruam æris acervos, and Forcellinus in the Lex. totius Latinitatis most properly refers the passage of Virgil cited above to the Ruere, diruendo complanare, Georg. I. v. 105.

same sense:

Cumulosque ruit male pinguis urenæ :

hinc Scalig. in Conjectan. ad Varron. putat ruere esse, modio cumu. lum adæquare, unde rutrum et rutellum: non tamen satis probat, et quæ affert Plauti verba, invenire non potui." Whether the passage really occurs in Plautus, I know not: B. Faber refers to Trin. 4, 1, 18., (though Scaliger gives no reference whatever,) but here we find ruere antennas. It is a possible circumstance that Scaliger may have confounded in his memory Horace's with Plautus's words. At all events, I am inclined to think that Forcellinus would have been very well satisfied with this meaning of the word, as it is applicable to the passage of Virgil, if he had had the good luck to recollect this passage of Horace. In the Edition of Virgil, published at Amsterdam in 1746, by Petrullus Burmannulus, (as Klotzius in his Notes upon Tyrtæus facetiously calls Burmannus Secundus,) we have only Servius's remark, as to the active sense of ruere, upon this passage, and nothing more in De La Cerda's Commentary. Gesner interprets it by diruit, movet. Heyne is silent, and it should seem that Forcellinus has alone entered into the spirit of the passage. Joseph Scaliger's own words are these: "Rutrum hic significat quod Græce xewwior, Varro apud

Nonium, Rutro caput displanavit, imitatus est Pherecydem, qui dixerat, r xeria xalcas mixture: significat et hostorium, quod Gr. joxavor, Lucillius,

Frumentarius est, modium secum atque rutellum
Unum adfert:

ruere enim est modio cumulum adæquare, Cic. Att. L. 16. De laudibus Dolabellæ deruam cumulum, Plautus, Eris acervos ruit, erg sc.: Horatius idem intellexit, Ut metiretur nummos, i. e. etiamsi modiis metiretur et rueret acervos nummorum; est enim proverbium, ágyúgion diva Torgeir, Xenoph. E^^. y'." Conjectanea in Varr. De L. L., Amst. 1623, p. 58.

Hatton, July 10, 1813.

E. H. BARKER.

NISSENI "CURE

NOTICE OF

NOVISSIMÆ IN CICERONIS Tusc. QUEST." containing Remarks on the Use of an Indic. and Subjunct. Mood after SUNT-QUI, and in SECONDARY ENUNCIATIONS.

H. F. Nisseni Cura Novissimæ in M. T. Ciceronis Tusculanas Quæstiones, Altona, 1792. 12mo. pp. 120.

We shall cite the opening of the preface to this excellent little book of verbal criticism, which acquaints us with another publication by H. F. Nissenus, which we have not yet seen :

"Quæ anno superiori Animadversiones in Ciceronis De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum Libros a me editæ sunt, illæ si cui non omnino displicuerint, ei spero, ut etiam hæ, quibus ejusdem Tusculana Quæstiones illustrantur, non nimis improbentur, fore; in his enim scribendis, quod inprimis in illis reprehendi videbam, diligentissime prospexi, ne committerem: nam primum, quantum per ætatem et ingenium licebat, cavi, ne, quæ facilia essent ad intelligendum, mihi potius, quam aliis exposuisse viderer; deinde, præter Ernestii notas, viri cujusdam longe celeberrimi humanitate, alia nactus interpretationis subsidia, eo majorem curam adhibui, ut ea, quæ a vv. dd. satis explicata viderentur, ne frustra repeterem: quippe Davisium, Bentleium, Buherium, Ernestium, Schellerum duces ita secutus sum, ut, si, quod illis probatum esset, verum videretur, id omnino omitterem; sin prior aliquis interpres recti quid attulisse videretur, a sequentibus tamen desertus esset, id laudarem et defenderem."

The following perspicuous rules and sensible remarks upon the use of a conjunctive, or indicative mood after sunt—qui, and

what mood is to be assigned to the verb in secondary enunciations, which also form a part of the preface, deserve the attention of the student, and will, as we hope, be some guide to him in the structure of his Latinity:

"Hoc loco quædam e re grammatica linguæ latinæ adjicere baud alienum videtur. Tirones, cum ad Latine scribendum accederent, in re nulla vidi anxiores, quam quod dubitarent, ubi conjunctivus modus adbibendus esset: ipsos etiam doctos in ea re vidi dissentientes: imprimis duo in disceptationem venire solent, quorum alterum est, utrum post sunt cet. qui, conjunctivus modus poni debeat, an indicativus admitti possit; altero loco quæritur, quam legem in enunciationibus secundariis modus verbi sequatur: ac de primo quidem cum præ ceteris Ernestius conjunctivum ponendum docuisset, ad eamque legem multa priscorum scriptorum loca correxisset, acerrimus ei adversarius Schellerus exortus est, qui et aliis locis, et in Obss. ad priscos Scriptores quosdam, non proprio solum loco p. 9., sed multis aliis hujus libri locis Ernestio oblocutus est. Cogitanti mihi quidem de ea re verisimillima hæc videbantur: 1. Lex ea, e qua vel conjunctivus, vel indicativus poni debeat, non petenda est a vi aliqua, quæ illi formula, sunt cet. qui, inhæreat, sed ab usu loquendi; ut enim tale quid Romanis ei formulæ inesse visum sit, id tractus tamen temporis sic delevit, ut jam erui nequeat : 2. Quod si itaque usus loquendi eam rem decernere debet, omnino patet, apud optimos quosvis scriptores in iis libris, in quibus præter res tractatas ipsius orationis magnam rationem habuerint, post sunt cet. qui longe sæpissime conjunctivum legi: 3. Nami ipsorum scriptorum, si elegantiam orationis spectes, magnum discrimen est: Ernestius, cum poetas post eam formulam indicativum sæpenumero posuisse vidisset, quod iis, inquit, licuit, non idem aliis in sermone; neque id injuria: nam uti in sermone, sic in poematis licentia major minorve est; præsertim odis, epistolis poeticis non invidemus paulo majorem licentiam: nostratibus quidem poetis et distractiones vocum et contractiones, et inversiones orationis condonantur aliquid etiam regulis prosodicis concedendum videtur: in Ciceronis autem libris rhetoricis elegantiæ orationis eminent, in quibus ut eloquentiæ præcepta traduntur, ita summam orationi curam adhibitam esse, pro- . babile est: sequuntur orationes, in quibus ferventi dicentis animo aliquid impertiendum: longo eas intervallo sequuntur scripta philosophica, quæ propter rerum tractatarum gravitatem et ipsorum formam, non tantam verborum diligentiam experiebantur: postremo loco epistolæ sunt: 4. Fabularum scriptores v. c. Plautus, Terentius, sæpe indicativo in tali causa utuntur: sed horum sponte patet, nullam hie vim esse, qui et negligentiam quotidiani sermonis aient, et homines plebeios colloquentes faciant: si fabularum scriptores regularum grammaticarum exceptiones darent, quot et quam certæ regulæ vacillarent! 5. Regula, post sunt cet. qui conjunctivum ponendum esse, Romanis non tam definita fuisse videtur, quam aliæ, v. c. ut, dass, secum habere conjunctivum: neque id mirum in lingua videtur, dun ea in ore hominum versatur: nam, quemadmodum anacoluthra serma