aggression, revolution and civil war show what may be accomplished with the aid of a regular source of income, in this case from the customs revenue, which is principally collected under foreign supervision. Both of these great enterprises have been initiated as emergency measures, and it can not be said that one is more urgently demanded than the other. Without the North Manchurian Plague Prevention Service the whole of North China would be periodically decimated by plague. The China Foundation commences to foster education at a time when such help is sorely needed. Without education, China can never take her rightful place in the community of nations. Just at present, on account of the wide-spread political unrest, the proper financing of education through taxation is impossible. The help so timely given by the American Government through the China Foundation may indeed be instrumental in saving many absolutely essential educational enterprises from complete extinction.

THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE FOR
MEDICAL RESEARCH,
NEW YORK

E. V. COWDRY

CHARLES CLEVELAND NUTTING EARLY in the evening of January 23, Professor C. C. Nutting, of the department of zoology at the State University of Iowa, passed away at his home in Iowa City in the sixty-ninth year of his age. Angina pectoris was given as the cause of death.

Professor Nutting was born at Jacksonville, IlliLois, May 25, 1858. He attended Blackburn College, receiving his B.A. degree from that institution in 1880 and his M.A. degree two years later.

In the autumn of 1886 Mr. Nutting joined the University of Iowa staff as professor of zoology and curator of the museum of natural history. Four years later he was made head of the department of zoology which position, together with the curatorship of the museum, he was destined to hold for thirtysix energetic and fruitful years. At the end of the school year of 1925-26 he relinquished his post as head of the zoology department and curator of the museum but retained his teaching duties in which he was actively engaged up to five days before his death. Between 1881 and 1886, exploration, research and ollecting trips to Central America and Florida afforded Nutting an opportunity for indulging his Latural history bent as well as occasion for acquiring a variety of observations and experiences which served as material to enliven and enrich his class room work and public lectures as long as he lived. While at the University of Iowa he early devoted his attentions to the building up of a zoological

museum in the interest of which he visited the West Indies and various parts of North America for the purpose of collecting specimens. Perhaps his most notable effort of this kind was made in 1893 when he promoted and carried to a successful conclusion a research and collecting trip to the Bahama Islands. The party of twenty-three persons was made up largely of students and staff members of the University of Iowa. He later headed two similar university enterprises, the Barbados-Antigua Expedition in 1918 with a personnel of nineteen and the Fiji-New Zealand Expedition in 1922 made up of six persons.

In the pursuit of his special studies Professor Nutting visited many marine laboratories. Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Plymouth, England, Naples, Italy, La Jolla, California, Honolulu, T. H., and their adjacent seas all claimed his attention at one time or another during his association with the University of Iowa.

The death of Professor Nutting robs science of one of her most active and prolific workers in the field of systematic marine zoology. His particular interest was in the Coelenterata. The list of his published papers is a long one but his monograph on the "American Hydroids," Parts I, II and III, issued as Special Bulletins of the United States National Museum, 1900-1915 and the "Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition," Parts III to VIII, 1910-1911, should receive special mention. His researches have thrown considerable light on the morphology, distribution and relationships of these marine forms. That he was actively engaged in such investigations until almost the end is attested by the fact that he had, only a few days ago, read proof of a forthcoming report on Philippine hydroids. Probably his most popular and widely read publications have been his "Narratives" of the Bahama, Barbados-Antigua and Fiji-New Zealand expeditions. These books are written in easy readable style and are exceedingly informational. In his later years several papers of a philosophic nature appeared from his pen.

Professor Nutting was a member of many scientific bodies and frequently attended their meetings and contributed to their publications. He had served as president of the Central Branch of the American Society of Zoologists, the Iowa Academy of Science and the Iowa Chapter of Sigma Xi. Among the university organizations to which he belonged, he took special interest in the Baconian Club; he was one of the founders and a past president of the society. In church work he also took an active and energetic part.

This man truly lived. He gave much and he derived great satisfaction from the giving. His pioneer work in museum building and zoological investigation at the University of Iowa has been of inestimable value to the institution, its alumni and friends. As

a teacher and research worker his energy and enthusiasm aroused those qualities in others as the legion of successful men and women who have come under his tutelage will testify.

In recognition of his distinguished service to science, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, conferred upon Professor Nutting an honorary LL.D. degree in 1926. Professor Nutting is survived by his widow, Eloise Willis, whom he married in 1897; a daughter, Miss Elizabeth H. Nutting, member of the faculty at Boston University; and two sons, the Reverend Willis D. Nutting, Evergreen, Colorado, and Charles B. Nutting, a student at the University of Iowa. A brother and four sisters also survive.

DAYTON STONER

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS

THE RICHMOND MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

THE seventy-third meeting of the American Chemical Society will be held in Richmond, Va., from April 11 to 16.

All divisions except the cellulose, colloid, fertilizer, leather and gelatin, and sugar divisions will hold separate meetings. Papers which would normally be assigned to these divisions of an industrial nature will be placed on the program of the Industrial Division, while any scientific papers normally going to these divisions will be assigned to the organic, physical and inorganic, or other appropriate programs.

On Tuesday afternoon three general divisional meetings, and possibly a fourth, will be held. The division of industrial and engineering chemistry, the division of physical and inorganic chemistry and the division of organic chemistry jointly with the division of biological chemistry will present general programs of interest to all members. Other divisional meetings will come on Wednesday and Thursday as usual.

The division of agricultural and food chemistry, in addition to its regular program, on Wednesday afternoon will hold a symposium jointly with the division of biological chemistry, on the "Chemistry of Plant Life as it affects Food," with C. A. Browne as chair

man.

The division of biological chemistry, in addition to its regular program, will meet jointly Tuesday afternoon with the division of organic chemistry and on Wednesday afternoon with the division of agricultural and food chemistry, as announced under these divisions.

The division of dye chemistry is planning an extensive program with special reference to the fact that Richmond is in the southern textile center. Topics of interest to textile manufacturers will, therefore, be included in the program. Other features will be a dis

cussion of "What is Invention in the Field of Organi Chemistry?"-a consideration of the present system of dye patents, several papers on certain phases o dye manufacture, as well as the usual contribution on subjects of theoretical and laboratory interest.

The division of industrial and engineering chemistr will hold a symposium on "Lime," with J. R. With row as chairman. Many prominent authorities in th field of production and utilization of lime have alread agreed to take part in this symposium.

The division of organic chemistry will hold fiv half-day sessions, including a general session on Tue day afternoon in conjunction with the division of bi logical chemistry, and one jointly with the division o chemical education in a symposium on "The Teachin of Organic Chemistry."

The division of physical and inorganic chemist is arranging an interesting program. There will a special illustrated lecture upon the subject of "Hig Power Metallography and the Ultra-Violet Micro copy," by F. F. Lucas, of the Bell Telephone La oratories.

The division of water sewage and sanitation plans discussion of the preservation of water mains and t prevention of troubles caused by the corrosion pipes. This will be opened with a paper presented John R. Baylis on the treatment of public water su plies to render them non-corrosive.

The history of chemistry section has already h promises of papers by Avery A. Ashdown, R. Brackett, Tenney L. Davis, F. P. Dunnington, W liam Foster and Edgar F. Smith, and anticipates especially interesting session.

The division of chemical education will join w the division of organic chemistry in a symposium "The Teaching of Organic Chemistry" and will m one half-day with the history of chemistry secti At one session the question of cooperation of lo sections with teachers of chemistry will be discuss at which the chairmen and secretaries of local secti are especially invited to be present.

The secretaries of the divisions and sections wh will hold meetings are as follows:

Agricultural and food chemistry, C. S. Brinton, Food spection Laboratory, U. S. Appraisers Stores, Pl delphia.

Biological chemistry, Paul E. Howe, Bureau of An Industry, Washington, D. C.

Chemical education, Ross A. Baker, Bowne Hall, S cuse University.

Dye chemistry, H. T. Herrick, Color Laboratory, T Bureau of Chemistry.

Gas and fuel chemistry, O. O. Malleis, 5557 Wood St., Pittsburgh.

Industrial and engineering chemistry, E. M. Billings State St., Rochester, N. Y.

Medicinal products chemistry, A. W. Dox, Research Lab-
oratories, Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit.
Organic chemistry, Frank C. Whitmore, 1812 Chicago
Ave., Evanston, Ill.

Petroleum chemistry, F. W. Padgett, 433 Tahoma Ave.,
Norman, Okla.

Physical and inorganic chemistry, Victor K. LaMer, 353 Moore Ave., Leonia, N. J.

Rubber chemistry, A. H. Smith, 611 Peoples Savings and Trust Bldg., Akron, Ohio.

a number of lesser awards, were won by the General Electric Company. The grand prizes were awarded for "systems of electric transportation and traffic regulation devices," and the other for "excellence of products and service to humanity." One medal of honor was awarded for "Gas-Electric System of Drives for Busses," one for "G.-E. Mazda Lamps" and one for "Turbine Super-Charger." Gold medals were awarded as follows: For "automatic induction voltage

305 Linden Place, Decatur, Ill.

History of chemistry, Tenney L. Davis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Paint and varnish chemistry, P. E. Marling, Lowe Brothers Co., Dayton, Ohio.

A GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION IN TEXAS THE bureau of economic geology of the University of Texas and the West Texas Geological Society sponsored jointly a geological excursion and conference on January 8 and 9, 1927. The party assembled at San Saba on January 7 and disbanded at San Angelo on January 9, having examined selected exposures of formations ranging in age from the Algonkian to the Triassic. One hundred and fifty geologists participated. These were mostly from Texas, although New Mexico, Oklahoma and Louisiana had representatives. Visiting geologists were Professor Charles Schuchert, of Yale University; Dr. Julia Gardner, of the United States Geological Survey, and Dr. Charles N. Gould, state geologist of Oklahoma. Favorable weather enabled the party to make the journey of about 350 miles without delay or mishap. The average number of autos in line was between 50 and 60.

Guides for the party were: J. T. Lonsdale, for the Pre-Cambrian; E. H. Sellards and F. B. Plummer, for the Cambrian, Ordovician, Mississippian and Pennsylvanian; J. W. Beede, for the Permian and Triassic. The principal object of the excursion and conference was to examine typical exposures of formations elsewhere encountered in deep drilling, and to further the correlation of these formations across the southern end of the great salt basin of Texas, New Mexico and Oklahoma. This excursion is the first of a series of field conferences planned by these organizations for this purpose. The second excursion of the series will be made February 26 and 27, at which time formations in the Glass Mountains of Texas on the southwest side of the salt basin will be examined.

AWARD OF PRIZES BY THE SESQUICENTENNIAL EXPOSITION OF

PHILADELPHIA

Of the prizes awarded at the recent Sesquicentennial International Exposition, two grand prizes, three medals of honor and nine gold medals, in addition to

by exhibitor"; for "A-C and D-C Motors"; for direct current generator-marine type-as typical of machines of this class made by exhibitor"; for "electric fans of high quality"; for an "electric mine locomotive fitted with automatic cable reel of high efficiency"; for "emergency automatic throw-over switch mounted on vertical steel panel"; for "motor-generator set typical of machines of this class made by exhibitor," and for "type H transformers."

The exhibit of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey at the Sesquicentennial Exposition won two medals for its excellence. The jury of awards conferred a medal of honor for the exhibit as a whole, and a gold medal for the combined models of the wire-drag and sound ranging apparatus used by the survey in its work of charting the floor of the ocean. In addition to the models shown, the exhibit included various instruments used in survey work, an explanation of the marvelous tide-predicting machine which does the work of sixty mathematicians, an exhibit detailing the steps involved in producing nautical charts, and illustrated slides showing work in progress.

The exposition awarded four gold medals to the U. S. Public Health Service for features of its exhibit at the exposition. The awards were made for (1) an exhibition of machines using chlorine gas in connection with drinking water; (2) for life-like vaccination models showing the types of reaction to small-pox vaccination; (3) for the selection of subjects and neatness of display in a collective health exhibit, and (4) for an exhibit of a modern unit for dental surgery. The material that was on display at the exposition is being arranged for display in one of the service buildings in Washington, D. C.

SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AT PASADENA

DURING the autumn the program of the Astronomy and Physics Club of Pasadena has included the following speakers and subjects:

October 15-Methods of studying electrically exploded wires, Dr. J. A. Anderson.

October 22-Refinement of the Michelson-Morley experiment, Dr. Roy J. Kennedy.

October 27-Electric discharge in rare gases, Professor Richard Whittingdon, Cavendish professor of physics, Leeds University.

November 3-Turbulent motion in fluids, Dr. T. von Karman, of Aachen, Germany.

November 5-Heat transfer in moving fluids, Dr. T. von

Karman.

November 12-The stagger-decalage biplane, A. A. Merrill.

November 19-A compound interferometer for fine structure work, Dr. W. V. Houston.

December 3-Red stars and their astrophysical significance, Dr. P. W. Merrill.

December 10-Mira Ceti, Professor A. H. Joy.

thus exemplifying the Pasteurian characteristics clear vision, instant action, intuitive judgment, precise method, tireless endeavor, sympathetic patience, self-sacrificing devotion in service through science. For these things we delight to honor you-pioneer, prophet, exemplar, dean of our science.

Dr. Welch said:

I rejoice in this opportunity to speak in behalf of my fellow workers and colleagues and to bear tribute to the importance and significance to human and animal pa

November 4-Evolution of life on the earth, Dr. Chester Stock.

November 18-Evolution of life on the earth, Dr. Chester Stock.

December 2-Evolution of the birds, Dr. Loye H. Miller. CHAS. E. ST. JOHN

DINNER IN HONOR OF DR. ERWIN F. SMITH DR. ERWIN FRINK SMITH, senior pathologist in charge of the pathological laboratory of the Bureau of Plant Industry, a pioneer in the study of the bacterial diseases of plants, was the guest of honor at the annual dinner of the American Phytopathological Society in Philadelphia on December 29. Mrs. Smith shared the honor with him.

In introductory remarks, the president of the society, Dr. I. E. Melhus, professor of plant pathology at Iowa State College, congratulated Dr. Smith upon his extensive contributions to science. Dr. Melhus then called upon Dr. L. R. Jones, chairman of the department of plant pathology of the University of Wisconsin, to speak on Dr. Smith's services to plant pathology. Dr. Jones was followed by Dr. William H. Welch, pathologist of the Johns Hopkins University, who spoke on Dr. Smith's contributions to human and animal pathology. Dr. F. V. Rand, formerly of the Bureau of Plant Industry and now with the publication, Biological Abstracts, then, after appropriate remarks, presented to Dr. Smith, in the name of the society, a brochure, in which were engrossed abstracts of the addresses that had just been made, followed by the autographs of the members present.

Dr. Jones said in part:

For leadership in the early study of peach yellows, most stimulating example of dogged work upon a baffling problem, with prophetic assurance that knowledge of tobacco mosaic and aster yellow was pertinent to the solution. For leadership in pioneer studies of bacterial plant pathogens, with classic publications, exacting models for all who followed. For assembled contributions to knowledge of bacteria in relation to disease in plants. For epochal researches in crown-gall. For sympathetic counsel to eager young scientists, from far and near. For

eases. No one in our day has done more to bring these two great divisions of pathology into close relation to their mutual advantage. The field which you have cultivated so successfully, and with which your name will always be associated—the relation of parasitic organisms, especially of bacteria, to the diseases of plants is one of the broadest biological interest. Above all, your studies of tumors of plants, which you have demonstrated to be of bacterial origin, have brought you into the field of ontology in its broadest aspects. Here you take your place in national and international congresses and associations devoted to cancer research or to medicine in general, and here your work is recognized as of the greatest interest and importance. While your name is associated especially with the championship of the parasitic theory of the origin of tumors, your studies of the mechanism of tumor formation, of problems of histogenesis, of formative stimuli and inhibitions of growth, and other kindred subjects, are scarcely of less importance. It would lead far to tell of the whole debt which medicine and pathology owe to you, but I can not forego mentioning the service which you have rendered in making the life and work of Pasteur readily accessible and familiar to students of medicine and the general public.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS

THE gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society has been awarded to Professor Frank Schlesinger, of Yale University Observatory, for his work on stellar parallax and astronomical photography.

THE Astronomical Society of the Pacific has awarded the Bruce gold medal "for distinguished services to astronomy" to Dr. Herbert Hall Turner, Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford University. The award was announced at the annual meeting of the society held on January 29. At this meeting Dr. Paul W. Merrill was elected president of the society for the year 1927.

THE Geographical Society of Chicago has awarded its gold medal to Dr. Isaiah Bowman, director of the American Geographical Society, for "eminent service in the promotion of geography in America." Dr. Bowman addressed the society on February 8, on which occasion the medal was presented.

DR. ALBERT F. BLAKESLEE, of the Carnegie Institu

tion of Washington, department of genetics, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., has been elected a corresponding member of the Biological Society of Paris and an honorary member of the Society of Naturalists of Moscow.

PROFESSOR FRANK P. UNDERHILL, of the department of pharmacology and toxicology at Yale University, has been elected a member of the Kaiserlich Deutsche Academie der Naturforscher zu Halle.

DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN, editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association, has been appointed a corresponding member of the Association de la Presse Médicale Belge.

THE Symington prize for anatomy of the Queen's University, Belfast, has, on the advice of the council of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, been awarded to Dr. H. Woollard, of the University of London.

DR. ALEXANDRE BRUNO, Paris, formerly of New York, has been awarded the Clarens prize by the Academy of Medicine of Paris, for his book entitled "Contre Tuberculose."

A MEETING in honor of Robert T. Hill was held by the Branner Club of Los Angeles on January 14, to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of his first paper on the Comanche of Texas, which was read before the Philosophical Society of Washington. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, one of Dr. Hill's early assis tants, gave a talk on their geological work and some of their experiences during the frontier days of Texas, and Judge F. G. Finlayson spoke on "Dr. Hill as a Man." Dr. Ralph Arnold read several letters from distinguished geologists in various parts of the world who were unable to attend the meeting. F. B. Lippincott and Professors James Wolfe and James Hyde spoke of their appreciation of Dr. Hill. Dr. Frederick P. Vickery presided. Dr. Hill gave a brief reminiscence of his experiences during the early days of Texas, his studies at Cornell, and of his work with the United States Geological Survey.

THE freshman class of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine recently gave a dinner to celebrate the birthday of Dr. Oscar V. Batson, assistant professor of anatomy.

DR. E. DE GOLYER, petroleum geologist, has been elected president of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. The institute will hold a meeting in New York City from February 14 to 17.

THE United States Coast and Geodetic Survey has announced its regular bi-yearly transfer of engineer officers in the Philippine Islands: Lieutenants W. F. Malnate, J. A. McCormick and L. C. Wilder go to Manila for a two-year period of service, and Lieutenants O. W. Swainson, R. R. Moore, J. A. Bond and H. A. Paton will return to the United States.

L. H. ALMY has resigned from the U. S. Bureau of Chemistry to carry on research for the H. J. Heinz Company at the headquarters plant in Pittsburgh. A new laboratory for control and research was completed in December.

DR. ELLERY H. HARVEY has been made chief chemist of Montgomery Ward and Company, Chicago.

ROY E. CLAUSEN, associate professor of genetics in the College of Agriculture, University of California, has been invited to make a survey of the European institutions that are engaged in research in genetics for the International Education Board. At the present time, Professor Clausen is at the University of Stockholm, pursuing his study of genetics in the botanical institute of that institution.

PROFESSOR WESLEY R. COE, of the department of zoology at Yale University, who is on sabbatical leave for the current year, is at present engaged on investigations on the invertebrate fauna of the Pacific Coast, with headquarters at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California.

DR. E. S. MOORE, professor of economic geology in the University of Toronto, assisted by Mr. J. E. Maynard, is making a special study of the precipitation of iron and silica under natural conditions, by aid of a grant from the National Research Council of Canada.

DR. L. C. DUNN, of the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, sailed for Europe on January 8, to spend his sabbatical year in the animal breeding research department of the University of Edinburgh. During his absence, Dr. Dunn will act as representa

tive of the American Genetic Association at the Fifth Annual Genetic Congress, to be held in Berlin next September.

DR. T. D. A. COCKERELL, professor of zoology at the University of Colorado, expects to sail for England next June and thence go to Russia and Siberia; later back to Russia; in October to England, and about November 1 to India and Siam, and about February 1 to Australia and New Zealand by way of South Sea Islands. He will return to Boulder about

P. H. DORSETT, agricultural explorer for the United States Department of Agriculture, recently returned to the United States after two and a half years of