than guiding the studies of universities, and the steps of pilgrims; than preaching before parliament, and before the Essex farmers; than walking with God and with Cromwell! And yet these are the extremes which he managed to combine, without compromising principle, or serving the Lord deceitfully.' The Muses obeyed his call at Oxford, and re-visited the banks of Isis in the fulness of their inspiration ;-and the graces of the Holy Spirit came at his intercession to Coggeshall. He made the sages of antiquity popular at the university, and rendered Christ precious' in the humblest churches. The learned heard him gladly' as a chancellor, and 'the common people' as a pastor. Like the angel Gabriel, who could accommodate himself with equal facility to the timid Mary, and to the learned Daniel, Owen became all things to all men without disappointing any man, and was a Proteus free from stratagem. The explanation of all this is to be found, I apprehend, in his spiritual mindedness; that enabled him to pass unspotted' through the contaminating and conflicting world' in which he lived. Spirituality encircled him with an enshrining halo, which, while it attracted general notice, intimidated even the ambitious from attempting to suborn him to their purposes. Neither Cromwell nor Charles II. dared to tamper with his integrity:

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"Abashed, the Devil stood."

The author of Owen's epitaph has anticipated me in pointing out the true secret of his eminence: though a pilgrim on earth, he was next to a spirit in heaven.'”

Bishop Morley.

BORN A. D. 1597.—died a. D. 1684.

DR GEORGE MORLEY, who successively filled the sees of Worcester and Winchester, was the son of Mr Francis Morley, by a sister of Sir John Denham; and was born in London on the 27th of February, 1597. At the age of fourteen he was elected a king's scholar at Westminster, and in 1615, became a student of Christ church, Oxford. After a residence of seven years at his college, he became chaplain to the earl of Carnarvon, and lived in that nobleman's family seven years. In 1642, he took his degree of D. D.; but his sermon which he preached before the house of commons soon after, gave so little satisfaction that the customary compliment of requesting him to print it was not paid him by that assembly, and he remained ever after under suspicion as a royalist. He was, however, permitted to attend Charles as one of his chaplains; and he attended Lord Capel on the scaffold. In 1649, he went abroad, and attached himself to the family of Sir Edward Hyde in the quality of chaplain. The restoration, to which he mainly contributed by his active and judicious services, opened up preferment to him in his own country. Upon the king's return he was made dean of Christ church; and in October, 1660, was nominated to the bishopric of Worcester.

In the following year, Bishop Morley took an active part in the conference betwixt the episcopal and presbyterian divines, who had been

commissioned to review the liturgy. Baxter informs us, that on this occasion, Morley proved himself a very able divine, and the best speaker among the bishops. The death of Dr Duppa made way for his translation to the richer bishopric of Winchester, which he enjoyed twenty-two years. He died on the 29th of October, 1684, having reached an advanced age by the temperance and regularity of his habits,

Morley was a hard-working student, and a pious as well as learned man. Calamy records several instances of his moderation towards dissenters; but he was at times very irritable, and gave way to a peevishness of disposition greatly beneath a man of his elevated rank and commanding talents. He was the author of a number of pamphlets chiefly of a polemical character.

Benjamin Calamy, D.D.

DIED A. D. 1686.

BENJAMIN CALAMY, son of Edmund Calamy by a second wife, was educated first in St Paul's school, from whence he was removed to Catherine Hall, Cambridge, where, after taking several degrees, he became fellow and tutor. Having distinguished himself as a scholar and a preacher, he was chosen minister of St Mary Aldermanbury, the church from which his father had been ejected fifteen years before. His zeal in the cause of episcopacy obtained for him the favour of the court, and in a short time he was appointed chaplain in ordinary to the king. He took the degree of D D. in 1680, and in 1683 preached in his own church the famous sermon on Luke xi. 41, entitled, a 'Discourse about a scrupulous conscience.' It was subsequently published with a dedication to Sir George Jefferies, chief justice, and afterwards lord-chancellor. This sermon, containing a challenge to the nonconformists, was answered by Mr Thomas Delaune in a letter to Dr Calamy. Delaune was immediately committed to Newgate. He wrote to Dr Calamy supplicating his interference, and deprecating such a method of conducting the controversy. Calamy answered coldly, but promised assistance. Nothing effectual, however, was done, and it was but too evident that Calamy was well pleased to see his adversary placed under so powerful a restraint, In the January following Delaune was tried at the Old Bailey for a libel, and sentenced to pay a fine of 100 marks, and to remain prisoner till the same was paid. Delaune had no means of raising this sum of money, and his opponent, who had at least been the occasion of his sufferings, if not the direct agent of the persecution, made no effort to raise it for him. He did indeed apply to Jefferies for his pardon, but this could not be obtained. The result was, that Delaune, one of the ablest scholars and divines of the age, perished in Newgate, with his wife and children. His death is said to have given Dr Calamy great concern, as well it might. Delaune's appeal to Dr Calamy, after the trial and condemnation, is exceedingly powerful and touching, and has fixed an indelible stainupon the character of his persecutor.

Dr Calamy resigned the living of Aldermanbury in 1683, upon his admission to the vicarage of St Lawrence Jewry with St Mary Magda

lene Milk-street annexed. In 1685 he obtained the prebend of Harleston, in St Paul's. Soon after, he met with a severe affliction in the condemnation of Mr Alderman Cornish, for high treason. He had appeared for him on his trial, and visited him in Newgate, nor did he cease to entreat Judge Jefferies in his favour, as long as any hope remained of saving his life. But Calamy was destined by a retributive Providence to feel, in this instance, the cruelty of that inexorable persecution against one of his own friends, whose severity against an innocent controvertist there is too much reason to think he had winked at, and secretly enjoyed, if not prompted. The reply of Jefferies to his last application in favour of Cornish was strikingly characteristic of that ermined monster :- "Dear Doctor, set your heart at rest, and give yourself no further trouble; for I assure you, that if you could offer a mine of gold as deep as the monument is high, and a bunch of pearls as big as the flames at the top of it, it would not purchase that man's life."

It has been said, that the execution of this gentleman, together with other public calamities, induced that illness under which the doctor speedily sunk. He terminated his earthly career in January, 1686. During his lifetime seven sermons were published which had been preached on special occasions, and, after his death, his brother James published, in one volume, thirteen others. These sermons have been

much admired by episcopalian divines. They display very respectable abilities, and are calculated for impression.

Bishop Pearson.

RORN A. D. 1612.-DIED A. D. 1686.

DR JOHN PEARSON, born in 1612, was successively master of Jesus and Trinity colleges in Cambridge, and also Margaret professor of divinity in that university. He held the living of St Clement's, Eastcheap, and was consecrated bishop of Chester on the 9th of February, 1672. He was an excellent divine and a profound scholar. His works are few but of great reputation. His exposition of what is called the Apostles' Creed, is esteemed one of the most finished pieces of theology in our language. It has gone through a great many cditions. It has been alleged that as a bishop, Dr Pearson was somewhat too remiss and easy in the discharge of his episcopal functions; this may be accounted for in some measure, by the fact of his late preferment.

Bishop Fell.

DIED A. D. 1686.

DR JOHN FELL was the son of Dr Samuel Fell, some time dean of Christ church, Oxford. In 1643 he graduated M. A. About this time he volunteered in the king's cause, and was made an ensign in the garrison of Oxford. After the restoration, his loyalty was rewarded with the deanery of Christ church. In 1667 he was made vice-chancel

lor of the university, and in 1675 was consecrated bishop of Oxford. Learning was greatly indebted to his patronage and munificence. He was a munificent benefactor to his college, and greatly improved the press of the university. For many years he annually published a book, generally a classic author, to which he wrote a preface and notes, and presented it to the students of his college as a new year's gift: among these was a very valuable and excellent edition of the Greek Testament in 12mo. 1675. His edition of the works of Cyprian affords also a conspicuous proof of his industry and learning.

John Bunyan.

BORN A. D. 1628.-DIED A. D. 1688.

JOHN BUNYAN, the author of The Pilgrim's Progress,' was born at Elstow, near Bedford, in 1628. His parents were poor but honest people, who gave their son such an education as their circumstances could afford. His early life was marked by many irregularities; even while yet a child, he says of himself, he "had but few equals for cursing, swearing, lying, and blaspheming the holy name of God." Bunyan has, in his Grace Abounding,' given many curious particulars of his early history and experience. It is a most interesting psychological document, but our limits forbid quotation.

About the year 1653, Bunyan became a member of the Baptist church in Bedford, then under the care of the Rev. John Gifford. Three years afterwards, he began to preach himself. He has given the particulars of this important crisis in his history, in a piece entitled, A Brief Account of the Author's Call to the Work of the Ministry.' After having exercised his gifts for about five years, during which time he supported himself by his honest industry as a tinker, he was apprehended and indicted "as an upholder and maintainer of unlawful assemblies and conventicles, and for not conforming to the national worship of the church of England." To this event, disastrous as its first aspect was to himself and his family, he was indebted, under the providence of God, for that leisure which enabled him to compose those various treatises with which his name is now associated, and some of which will stand alone and unrivalled while the world endures.

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"It is not known," says Southey, "in what year The Pilgrim's Progress' was first published, no copy of the first edition having as yet been discovered. The second is in the British Museum; it is with additions, and its date is 1678. But as the book is known to have been written during Bunyan's imprisonment, which terminated in 1672, it was probably published before his release, or, at latest, immediately after it." The eighth edition of this work was printed for Nathaniel Ponder, at the Peacock in the Poultry, for whom also a tenth edition was published in 1685. "The rapidity," says Southey, "with which editions succeeded one another, and the demand for pictures to illustrate them, are not the only proofs of the popularity which The Pilgrim's Progress' obtained before the second part was published. In the verses prefixed to that part, Bunyan complains of dishonest imitators :—